Create List From Endnote XML
create_endnote_list(endnote_xml = system.file("extdata/KWB_documents.xml", package = "kwb.endnote"))
| endnote_xml | path to Endnote library exported as .xml (default: system.file("extdata/KWB_documents.xml", package = "kwb.endnote") |
|---|
list of imported endnote_xml
#> $xml #> $xml$records #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "865" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "865" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hartog, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hernández-García, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vilanova, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Scheibler, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hannappel, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Inventory of Managed Aquifer Recharge sites in Europe – historical development, current situation and perspectives" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sustainable Water Resources Management" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sustainable Water Resources Management" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "submitted" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3302492098/SWAM-S-15-00219-2.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "DEMEAU" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom3 #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style[[1]] #> [1] "public" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "876" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "876" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Book Section" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Monninkhoff, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tomsu, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kloppmann, W." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wintgens, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nattorp, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Elango, L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Asolekar, Shyam R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Numerical and analytical models for natural water treatment systems in the Indian context " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Natural Water Treatment Systems for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in the Indian Context: Saph Pani" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "342" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "14" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "in press" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$isbn #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style[[1]] #> [1] "9781780407104 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2131701626/Chapter_14_Sprenger_etal_V2.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom3 #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style[[1]] #> [1] "public" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1051" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1051" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Seis, W." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zamzow, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "On the implementation of reliable early warning systems at European bathing waters using multivariate Bayesian regression modelling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "12" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "143" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "301" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Early waring, Bathing waters, Bathing water directive, Bayesian regression modelling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2018" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "For ensuring microbial safety, the current European bathing water directive (BWD) (76/160/EEC 2006)\rdemands the implementation of reliable early warning systems for bathing waters, which are known to\rbe subject to short-term pollution. However, the BWD does not provide clearly defined threshold levels\rabove which an early warning system should start warning or informing the population. Statistical\rregression modelling is a commonly used method for predicting concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria.\rThe present study proposes a methodology for implementing early warning systems based on\rmultivariate regression modelling, which takes into account the probabilistic character of European\rbathing water legislation for both alert levels and model validation criteria. Our study derives the\rmethodology, demonstrates its implementation based on information and data collected at a river\rbathing site in Berlin, Germany, and evaluates health impacts as well as methodological aspects in\rcomparison to the current way of long-term classification as outlined in the BWD." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0454065717/Water Research Early Warning Systems.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.057" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1059" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1059" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lengemann, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Eckert, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> 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Dennoch werden sie in Deutschland bisher nur von wenigen Kanalnetzbetreibern eingesetzt.\rIm Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens SEMA-Berlin wurden verschiedene Modellansätze getestet und hinsichtlich ihrer Prognosequalität bewertet. Für den Modellaufbau wurden die Ergebnisse von mehr als 100 000 TV-Inspektionen sowie\rDaten zu den individuellen Kanaleigenschaften und Umgebungsfaktoren der Stadt Berlin verwendet. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass das statistische Modell GompitZ die Zustandsverteilung des Kanalnetzes mit einer Genauigkeit von 99 %\rwiedergeben kann. Mit Random Forest, einem Modell des maschinellen Lernens, kann mit einer Trefferquote von 67 % vorhergesagt werden, welcher Kanal sich im schlechten Zustand befindet. Die Ergebnisse können dafür genutzt werden, prioritäre\rHaltungen für Kanalinspektionen zu identifizieren und Investitionen so zu steuern, dass der Zustand der Kanalisation langfristig erhalten oder sogar verbessert wird. 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#> [1] "1060" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fesneau, M. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hernandez, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Torres, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Eckert, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lengemann, , N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Waschnewski, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Practical benchmarking of statistical and machine\rlearning models for predicting the condition of sewer\rpipes in Berlin, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Journal of Hydroinformatics" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Journal of Hydroinformatics" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "18" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "20.5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "1131" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "asset management, CCTV, machine learning, Random Forest, sewer, survival analysis" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2018" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Deterioration models can be successfully deployed only if decision-makers trust the modelling\routcomes and are aware of model uncertainties. Our study aims to address this issue by developing\ra set of clearly understandable metrics to assess the performance of sewer deterioration models\rfrom an end-user perspective. The developed metrics are used to benchmark the performance of a\rstatistical model, namely, GompitZ based on survival analysis and Markov-chains, and a machine\rlearning model, namely, Random Forest, an ensemble learning method based on decision trees. The\rmodels have been trained with the extensive CCTV dataset of the sewer network of Berlin, Germany\r(115,258 inspections). At network level, both models give satisfactory outcomes with deviations\rbetween predicted and inspected condition distributions below 5%. At pipe level, the statistical\rmodel does not perform better than a simple random model, which attributes randomly a condition\rclass to each inspected pipe, whereas the machine learning model provides satisfying performance.\r66.7% of the pipes inspected in bad condition have been predicted correctly. The machine learning\rapproach shows a strong potential for supporting operators in the identification of pipes in critical\rcondition for inspection programs whereas the statistical approach is more adapted to support\rstrategic rehabilitation planning." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3644410872/Caradot_2018_Practical benchmarking of statist.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.2166/hydro.2018.217" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1014" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1014" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zietzschmann, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Seis, W." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kraus, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Miehe, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schwarzmüller, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vilanova, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> 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#> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Remy, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phosphorus recovery from municipal and fertilizer wastewater: China's potential and perspective" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Journal of Environmental Sciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Journal of Environmental Sciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "151-159" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "52" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phosphorus recovery" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Municipal Wastewater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fertilizer Industry" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sewage sludge" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "China" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "2//" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$isbn #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style[[1]] #> [1] "1001-0742" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phosphorus (P) is a limited resource, which can neither be synthesized nor substituted in its essential functions as nutrient. Currently explored and economically feasible global reserves may be depleted within generations. China is the largest phosphate fertilizer producing and consuming country in the world. China's municipal wastewater contains up to 293,163 Mg year of phosphorus, which equals approximately 5.5% of the chemical fertilizer phosphorus consumed in China. Phosphorus in wastewater can be seen not only as a source of pollution to be reduced, but also as a limited resource to be recovered. Based upon existing phosphorus-recovery technologies and the current wastewater infrastructure in China, three options for phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge, sludge ash and the fertilizer industry were analyzed according to the specific conditions in China." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S100107421630119X" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2016.04.010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1043" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1043" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schubert, R.-L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "von Seggern, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Micropollutants in stormwater runoff – citywide loads and comparison with sewage inputs." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10th IWA Micropol and Ecohazard Conference" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "trace organic loads" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "city scale" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "separate / combined sewers" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "18-20 September 2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wien, Austria" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Beside inputs from wastewater treatment plants, untreated stormwater runoff can also be an important\rsource of pollutants affecting urban surface waters. To evaluate the relevance of micropollutants in urban\rstormwater runoff for the city of Berlin, an event-based, one-year monitoring program was conducted in five\rhomogeneous catchments of different urban structure types. Volume proportional samples were analysed for a\rcomprehensive set of ~100 micropollutants (e.g. biocides/pesticides, plasticisers, flame retardants, PAH, heavy\rmetals) as well as standard parameters (TSS, total P, phosphate, ammonium, COD, BOD). Micropollutant\rconcentrations found in stormwater runoff were extrapolated to annual loads for the city of Berlin (impervious\rconnected area of ~170 km2) based on the concentration patterns found in each of the five specific city structure\rtypes. Results show that micropollutants of several substance types can enter Berlin surface waters at loads in the\rorder of 10-700 kg/yr via stormwater runoff. These loads are in a similar order of magnitude as micropollutants\rthat enter Berlin surface waters via (treated) sewage, such as pharmaceutical residues carbamazepine or\ribuprofen." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1489261766/Wicke_et_al_Micropol2017.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1044" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1044" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A.," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H.," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N.," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schubert, R.-L.," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P.," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B.," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dünnbier, U.," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "von Seggern, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Spurenstoffe im Regenwasserabfluss Berlins" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Abwasserkolloquium Stuttgart" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "33-42" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "238" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "26 October 2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stuttgart, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswirtschaft" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Im Rahmen einer etwa zweijährigen Studie wurde für Berlin erstmals das Ausmaß der Belastung von Regenabfluss mit Spurenstoffen durch ein einjähriges Monitoringprogramm in Einzugsgebieten unterschiedlicher Stadtstrukturtypen (Altbau, Neubau, Gewerbe, Einfamilienhäuser, Straßen) untersucht. Insgesamt wurden über 90 volumenproportionale Mischproben auf etwa 100 Spurenstoffe analysiert (z.B. Phthalate, Pestizide/Biozide, Flammschutzmittel, PAK, Schwer-metalle), von denen ein Großteil (>70) detektiert wurde. Die höchsten Konzen-trationen an organischen Spurenstoffen wurden für Phthalate gefunden (DIDP+DINP: Ø 12 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "μg/L), w" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ährend Schwermetalle von Zink dominiert wurden (Ø 950 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "μg/L). F" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ür die Mehrzahl der Stoffe gab es dabei signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Stadtstrukturen. In einem Fließgewässer genommene Proben zeigen, dass für einige Substanzen (z.B. DEHP, Carbendazim, einige PAK) Umweltqualitätsnormen im Gewässer bei Regen überschritten werden können. Eine Hochrechnung der über das Regenwasser in die Gewässer gelangenden Spurenstofffrachten für Gesamt-Berlin hat ergeben, dass Frachten regenwasserbürtiger Spurenstoffe in der gleichen Größenordnung wie schmutzwasserbürtige Spurenstoffe liegen können." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2808576077/Wicke et al_Abwasserkolloquium Stuttgart 2017.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1041" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1041" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schubert, R.-L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dünnbier, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "von Seggern, D. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Biozide im Regenwasserabfluss Berlins" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mitt Umweltchem Ökotox" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mitt Umweltchem Ökotox" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "81-85" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "23" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Im Rahmen einer etwa zweijährigen Studie wurde für Berlin\rerstmals das Ausmaß der Belastung von Regenabfluss mit\rSpurenstoffen durch ein einjähriges Monitoringprogramm in\rEinzugsgebieten unterschiedlicher Stadtstrukturtypen unter-\rsucht. Das Programm umfasste mehr als 100 Spurenstoffe\reinschließlich 20 Biozide bzw. Pestizide. Die höchsten Konzen-\rtrationen dieser Stoffgruppe wurden für Mecoprop (max: 6,9\rµg/L) und Glyphosat (max: 4,6 µg/L) gefunden. Für die Mehr-\rzahl der Stoffe gab es dabei signifikante Unterschiede\rzwischen den Stadtstrukturen. Für einige Substanzen (z.B.\rCarbendazim, Terbutryn) und Einzugsgebiete wurden im\rRegenwasserabfluss Umweltqualitätsnormen (UQN) für Ge-\rwässer überschritten. Proben, die zusätzlich bei Regenwetter\rin einem Fließgewässer genommen wurden, zeigen, dass es\rauch im Gewässer zur Überschreitung von zulässigen Höchst-\rkonzentrationen (ZHK-UQN) bei Regen kommen kann." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1267174380/Wicke et al 2017_Mitt_Umweltchem_Ökotox.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "997" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "997" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, , H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schubert, R.-L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dünnbier, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "von Seggern, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Spurenstoffe im Regenwasserabfluss Berlins" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "KA - Abwasser, Abfall" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "KA - Abwasser, Abfall" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "11" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "394" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Entwässerungssysteme, Spurenstoffe, Regenabfluss, Berlin, Monitoring, Frachten, Phthalate, Pestizid, Biozid, Flammschutzmittel, PAK, Schwermetall, Zink" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zusammenfassung\rIm Rahmen einer etwa zweijährigen Studie wurde für Berlin\rerstmals das Ausmaß der Belastung von Regenabfluss mit Spurenstoffen\rdurch ein einjähriges Monitoringprogramm in Einzugsgebieten\runterschiedlicher Stadtstrukturtypen (Altbau,\rNeubau, Gewerbe, Einfamilienhäuser, Straßen) untersucht. Insgesamt\rwurden etwa 90 volumenproportionale Mischproben auf\rüber 100 Spurenstoffe analysiert (zum Beispiel Phthalate, Pestizide/\rBiozide, Flammschutzmittel, polycyclische aromatische\rKohlenwasserstoffe, Schwermetalle), von denen ein Großteil\r(über 70) detektiert wurde. Die höchsten Konzentrationen an\rorganischen Spurenstoffen wurden für Phthalate gefunden\r(DIDP DINP: durchschnittlich über 12 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "μg/L), w" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ährend\rSchwermetalle von Zink dominiert wurden (durchschnittlich\r950 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "μg/L). F" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ür die Mehrzahl der Stoffe gab es dabei signifikante\rUnterschiede zwischen den Stadtstrukturen. Für einige Substanzen\r(zum Beispiel DEHP, Carbendazim, einige polycyclische\raromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe) wurden im Regenwasserabfluss\rUmweltqualitätsnormen (UQN) für Gewässer überschritten.\rZusätzlich bei Regenwetter in einem Fließgewässer genommene\rProben zeigen, dass es auch im Gewässer zur Überschreitung\rvon zulässigen Höchstkonzentrationen (ZHK-UQN) bei Regen\rkommen kann. Eine Hochrechnung der über das\rRegenwasser in die Gewässer gelangenden Spurenstofffrachten\rfür Gesamt-Berlin hat ergeben, dass etwa 1,5 Tonnen an organischen\rSpurenstoffen über Regenabfluss jährlich in die Berliner\rGewässer gelangen. Ein Vergleich mit modellierten Frachten abwasserbürtiger\rSpurenstoffe, die über Kläranlagenablauf in die\rBerliner Gewässer gelangen, zeigt, dass Frachten regenwasserbürtiger\rSpurenstoffe in der gleichen Größenordnung wie\rschmutzwasserbürtige Spurenstoffe liegen können." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0113394616/KA abwasser abfall 5-17_Spurenstoffe im Regenw.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.3242/kae2017.05.002" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1030" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1030" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Untersuchung der Lebensdauer von Schlauchlinern - Ergebnisse der Literaturrecherche. 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im Vergleich zu Sandfiltern" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fakultät Umweltwissenschaften Fachrichtung Hydrowissenschaften, Institut für Siedlungs- und Industriewasserwirtschaft, Professur für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "129" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "Master" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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$xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Master Thesis" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0320872840/Masterarbeit_Weidlich_Sandra.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1016" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1016" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Merkel, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pfeifer, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schwarzmüller, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "unveröffentlicht" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Entwicklung einer Monitoringstrategie zur kontinuierlichen Überwachung der Fließzeiten von GWA-Becken und Uferfiltration zu Trinkwasserbrunnen am Beispiel Berlin-Tiefwerder und -Spandau - Schlussbericht T-MON" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "59" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Das Projekt T-MON hatte zum Ziel, die Eignung saisonaler Temperaturschwankungen in Oberflächengewässern und Entnahmebrunnen zur Bestimmung der Verweilzeit in der Untergrundpassage zu bewerten. Dazu wurden ein Uferfiltratstandort und ein Standort mit künstlicher Grundwasseranreicherung der Berliner Wasserbetriebe sowohl mit kontinuierlich messenden Temperaturloggern ausgestattet als auch über einen Zeitraum von 15 Monaten von Juli 2015 bis Oktober 2016 regelmäßig beprobt. Neben den kontinuierlichen und per Hand gemessenen Wassertemperaturen wurden Chlorid, Bromid und Sulfat sowie die stabilen Isotope des Wassers als konservative Tracer herangezogen, um den thermischen Retardationsfaktor zu bestimmen und die Verweilzeit zu validieren.\rAus den im Rahmen von T-Mon erhobenen und umfangreichen BWB-Daten aus den Jahren 1999 bis 2013 für den Grundwasseranreicherungsstandort resultierte eine semi-automatisierte Auswerteroutine auf Basis einer Sinusanpassung zur Bestimmung der Extremstellen (Sommermaximum/ Winterminimum) und anschließender Fehlerbetrachtung. Der Algorithmus wurde abschließend an BWB übergeben und soll zunächst für alle Grundwasseranreicherungsstandorte getestet werden.\rDer vorliegende Bericht dokumentiert ausgehend von der Beschreibung des Kenntnisstandes zur Verwendung von Temperaturmessungen als Tracer (Kapitel 2) die Untersuchungsstandorte und Methoden und die anschließende Datenverarbeitung der Loggerdaten und Handmessungen (Kapitel 3).\rIm Ergebnisteil (Kapitel 4) werden beide Standorte hinsichtlich der konservativen Tracer Chlorid, Bromid und Sulfat ausgewertet, Temperaturmessungen in den Messstellen gegen die Tiefe (Tiefenprofil) dargestellt und die Logger- und Handmessungen der Temperaturgänge im Oberflächengewässer bzw. Infiltrationsbecken und im Rohwasser der untersuchten Entnahmebrunnen mittels der semi-automatisierten Auswerteroutine erstellt und hinsichtlich der thermischen Verweilzeit verglichen. Zur Validierung erfolgen anschließend die Berechnung des thermischen Retardationsfaktors auf Basis der Isotopendaten sowie ein Vergleich mit Literaturangaben und einer theoretischen Berechnung.\rAus den Messungen resultierte eine grundsätzliche Eignung der Methode, saisonale Temperaturgänge zur Verweilzeitbestimmung zu verwenden." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2764214178/Schlussbericht T-MON_fin.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "T-MON" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> 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"17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hartog, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hernández-García, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vilanova, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Scheibler, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hannappel, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Inventory of Managed Aquifer Recharge sites in Europe – historical development, current situation and perspectives" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hydrogeology Journal" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> 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#> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "1909" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> list() #> #> $xml$records$record$custom3 #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style[[1]] #> [1] "public" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1031" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1031" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "10" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Proceedings" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hella Schwarzmüller" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Christoph Sprenger" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Charlotte Merkel" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mario Pfeifer" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sebastian Schimmelpfennig" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Alexander Sperlich" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gesche Grützmacher" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Eignung von saisonalen Temperatursignalen zur Überwachung von Grundwasserfließzeiten bei der Uferfiltration und Grundwasseranreicherung in Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Niedersächsisches Grundwasserkollquium " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grundwassertemperatur" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Verweilzeit" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grundwasseranreicherung" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Uferfiltration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Braunschweig" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Durch systematische Geländeuntersuchungen über 15 Monate an zwei Brunnengalerien der Berliner Wasserbetriebe wurde untersucht, ob und inwieweit kontinuierliche Temperaturmessungen entlang der Fließstrecke des Grundwassers geeignet sind, die Aufenthaltszeit so zuverlässig zu bestimmen, dass ein kritisches Unterschreiten der 50-Tage-Linie erkannt und entsprechende betriebliche Gegenmaßnahmen im Routinebetrieb eingeleitet werden können. Die Temperaturmessung erfolgte kontinuierlich mittels Datenloggern in Entnahmebrunnen und Grundwassermessstellen und zusätzlich manuell bei wöchentlichen Probenahmen. Zeitreihen konservativer Tracer (Chlorid, Bromid, " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "δ18O und δ2H) dienten der Validierung der aus den Temperaturmessungen bestimmten thermischen Retardations- und Dispersionskoeffizienten. Trotz signifikanter Unterschiede zwischen den beiden untersuchten Standorten erwiesen sich die Temperaturmessungen als geeignetes Instrument zur Bestimmung der Verweilzeiten. 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attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "310" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Abwasserreinigung, kommunal, Spurenstoff, anthropogen, Aktivkohle, Ozon, Umweltbilanz, Energiebilanz, Kohlendioxid, Treibhauseffekt-Potenzial" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "wastewater treatment, municipal, micro-pollutant, anthropogenic, activated carbon, ozone, environmental balance, energy balance, carbon dioxide, greenhouse effect potential" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zusammenfassung\rMomentan wird die Forderung nach einer Erweiterung von\rKläranlagen um eine Stufe zur weitergehenden Elimination organischer\rSpurenstoffe in der Fachwelt kontrovers diskutiert.\rAls effiziente Verfahren werden hierfür die Oxidation durch\rOzonung und die Adsorption an Aktivkohle betrachtet. Neben\rder Verbesserung des Gewässer- und Ressourcenschutzes bedarf\rdie Einführung dieser Verfahren zusätzlicher Energie und erzeugt\rweitere damit verbundene negative Umweltauswirkungen\r(zum Beispiel Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen). Bei der hier\rdurchgeführten Ökobilanz werden diese möglichen negativen\rUmweltauswirkungen der Verfahren zur Spurenstoffeliminierung\rgenauer quantifiziert. Dabei werden weitere Ziele einer\rweitergehenden Abwasserreinigung (weitestgehende Entfernung\rvon Phosphor mit Flockungsfiltration und saisonale UVDesinfektion)\rbei allen Varianten mit einbezogen, um auch den\rAnteil der Spurenstoffelimination an den gesamten Auswirkungen\reiner zukünftigen weitergehenden Abwasserreinigung\rzu erfassen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Ozonung oder der\rEinsatz von Pulveraktivkohle bzw. Kornaktivkohleadsorbern je\rnach geforderter Effizienz der Spurenstoffentfernung einen hohen\rzusätzlichen Primärenergieaufwand ( 10–103 %) und\rauch ein hohes zusätzliches Treibhauspotenzial ( 8–100 %)\rim Vergleich zu einer Modellkläranlage der Größenklasse 5 erzeugt.\rEntscheidend für den zusätzlichen Aufwand sind neben\rder Qualität des zu behandelnden Klärwerksablaufs (organische\rStoffe als DOC) auch die Reinigungsziele für die Spurenstoffelimination\rund damit die notwendige Dosierung von\rOzon oder Aktivkohle. Dieser Aspekt sollte zukünftig in der Diskussion über die Qualitätsziele der weitergehenden Abwasserreinigung\rberücksichtigt werden.\r\rAbstract\rInfluence of Ozoning or Activated Carbon Adsorption\rfor Advanced Removal of Organic Micro-pollutants\ron the Energy Expenditure and CO2-Footprint\rof a Wastewater Treatment Plant\rEco-balancing Assessment of Different Variants of\rMicro-pollutant Removal in an Overall Concept for\rAdvanced Wastewater Treatment for a Model\rWastewater treatment Works\rCurrently the demand for an extension of wastewater treatment\rplant by a stage for advanced removal of organic micro-pollutants\ris being discussed controversially by the specialist world.\rOxidation by ozoning and the adsorption on activated carbon\rare being considered as efficient processes for this. Along with\rthe improvement of the water pollution control and protection\rof resources, the introduction of these processes requires additional\renergy and with this creates further associated negative environmental\rimpacts (for example emission of greenhouse gases).\rWith the eco-balance carried out here these possible negative\renvironmental effects of the processes for micro-pollutant\rremoval are quantified more accurately. With this further objectives\rof an advanced wastewater treatment (most advanced removal\rof phosphorus using flocculation filtration and seasonal\rUV disinfection) with all variants are included, in order also to\rappreciate the share of micro-pollutant removal on the overall\reffects of a future advanced wastewater treatment. The results\rshow that the ozoning or the employment of powdered activated\rcarbon or grain active carbon adsorbers, depending on the required efficiency of the micro-pollutant removal, generates a\rhigh additional primary energy expenditure ( 10–103 %) and\ralso a high additional greenhouse potential ( 8–100 %) in\rcomparison with a model wastewater treatment plant of size\rclass 5. Decisive for the additional expenditure are, in addition\rto the quality of the wastewater treatment plant discharge (organic\rsubstances as DOC), also the treatment objective for the\rmicro-pollutant removal and thus the necessary dosing of ozone\ror activated carbon. 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#> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0497721304/KURAS_2017_ErnstSohn.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "KURAS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1027" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1027" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] 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Insgesamt wurden über 90 volumenproportionale Mischproben auf etwa 100\rSpurenstoffe analysiert (z.B. Phthalate, Pestizide/Biozide, Flammschutzmittel, PAK, Schwermetalle),\rvon denen ein Großteil (>70) detektiert wurde. Die höchsten Konzentrationen an organischen Spuren-\rstoffen wurden für Phthalate gefunden (DIDP+DINP: Ø 12 µg/L), während Schwermetalle von Zink\rdominiert wurden (Ø 950 µg/L). Für die Mehrzahl der Stoffe gab es dabei signifikante Unterschiede\rzwischen den Stadtstrukturen. In einem Fließgewässer genommene Proben zeigen, dass für einige\rSubstanzen (z.B. DEHP, Carbendazim, einige PAK) Umweltqualitätsnormen im Gewässer bei Regen\rüberschritten werden können. Eine Hochrechnung der über das Regenwasser in die Gewässer\rgelangenden Spurenstofffrachten für Gesamt-Berlin hat ergeben, dass Frachten regenwasserbürtiger\rSpurenstoffe in der gleichen Größenordnung wie schmutzwasserbürtige Spurenstoffe liegen können." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1227208656/Wicke_et_al_2016_AquaUrbanica.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB 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#> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N.," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schubert, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "von Seggern, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Extent and dynamics of classic and emerging contaminants in stormwater of urban catchment types" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "9th International Conference NOVATECH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "catchment differences, emerging pollutants, pollution dynamics, stormwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "28 June–1 July 2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lyon, France" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Untreated stormwater runoff can be an important source of pollutants affecting urban surface waters. To investigate the relevance of micropollutants in urban stormwater runoff for the city of Berlin, an event-based, one-year monitoring program for sampling of separate storm sewers was conducted. Monitoring points were selected in five homogeneous catchments of different urban structure types to consider catchment-specific differences. Volume proportional samples (one composite sample per event) were analysed for a comprehensive set of ~100 micropollutants determined from literature review (e.g. plasticisers [phthalates], biocides/pesticides, flame retardants [organophosphates, polybrominated diphenylethers], PAH, heavy metals) as well as standard parameters (TSS, total P, phosphate, ammonium, COD, BOD). For selected storm events, time resolved samples were analysed to investigate the concentration dynamics and evaluate first flush characteristics. Results of event mean concentrations show catchment-specific differences for the majority of detected micropollutants. Furthermore, results of time-resolved samples indicate that most parameters do not show clear first flush effects with concentrations of several micropollutants even remaining constant during the course of the storm event (e.g. mecoprop, carbendazim, TBEP)." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2731361818/Wicke_et_al_2016_Novatech_paper_OgRe_as_submit.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "976" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "976" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Weidner, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Houben, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Halisch, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kaufhold, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sander, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Reich, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Menz, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wellbore Skin in Mine Dewatering and Drinking Water Supply: Field Observation, Mineralogy and Hydraulic Effect" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMWA 2016 Mining meeets Water - Conflicts and Solutions" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11-15 July 2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Leipzig, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Abstract\rWhen it comes to well loss and efficiency, the occurrence of wellbore skin layers is one of the\rstrongest influencing factors. Besides difficulties to remove the skin layer that is necessary during the\rdrilling process, it is also not easily possible to determine if a skin layer is present in a well and\rwhether or not it imposes a certain degree of well loss.\rWith this work, three types of skin layers are presented (surface cake, deep-bed filtration, layered cake\rin the aquifer), that have been observed at dewatering wells excavated in open-pits of the Rhenish\rlignite mining district in western Germany. Disturbed and undisturbed samples were analyzed for their\rgeochemical and mineralogical composition in order to better understand the formation of the skin\rlayer types and their fate during well operation.\rGeochemical analysis revealed the skin layer to be mainly composed of quartz (≈ 40 wt-%),\rkaolinite/illite (≈ 30 wt-%), organic material (5-15 %) and secondary gypsum precipitates (up to\r12.5 wt-%). Despite the high quartz contents, the granulometry yields high fractions of clay and silt\r(75-85 %). However, preferential flow paths, transecting the skin layer are created by micro-cracks\rand erosion-pathways which will cause a higher hydraulic conductivity than could be expected from\rthe granulometry.\rKey words: Wellbore Skin Layer, Well Loss, Drilling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3995256054/IMWA2016_Weidner_195.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1034" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1034" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Van Houtte, E. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sukupova, M. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kraus, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Remy, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Miehe, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "DEMOWARE D1.2: Report on opportunities for nutrient reduction and recycling in water reuse schemes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1407230585/Deliverable D1.2 - Report on opportunities for.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1047" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1047" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tatis‐Muvdi, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Untersuchung des Stickstoffumsatzes im Flusssediment mit vereinfachten Modellansätzen. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stapf, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hilbrandt, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Miehe, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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To decide if ozonation is a suitable option as an upgrade of a specific wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), ozonation experiments in laboratory-scale can help to avoid the operation of expensive and labour intensive pilot plants. Such laboratory experiments should be conducted at similar conditions and by the same methods in order to achieve a better comparability of the results. In this study, potential impacts of sample dilution due to the addition of an ozone stock solution, water temperature, and concentration of suspended solids (TSS) on TrOC elimination and UVA254 reduction (" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ΔUVA254) were investigated. 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Grützmacher" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Temperature measurements during Managed Aquifer Recharge for safeguarding subsurface travel times" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISMAR9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mexico city" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1076870471/ISMAR9 Sprenger et al full paper v3.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "961" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "961" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Book Section" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Monninkhoff, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tomsu, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kloppmann, W." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Thomas Wintgens" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anders Nattorp" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lakshmanan Elango" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Shyam R. Asolekar" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Numerical and analytical models for natural water treatment systems in the Indian context " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Natural Water Treatment Systems for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in the Indian Context: Saph Pani" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "342" #> #> 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#> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "962" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "962" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hartog, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hernández-García, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vilanova, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Scheibler, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hannappel, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Inventory of Managed Aquifer Recharge sites in Europe – historical development, current situation and perspectives" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schubert, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Weise, L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Köhler, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Quantifying microbial contamination in urban stormwater runoff" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "9th International Conference NOVATECH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bathing waters, microbial contamination, urban catchment pollution, event based sampling, stormwater discharge, hygiene" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "28 June–1 July 2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lyon, France" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Swimming in urban surface waters is still an exception in European cities. At the same time there are numerous initiatives trying to achieve a quality of urban surface waters that allows recreational activities including swimming. In order to manage bathing waters properly the EU Bathing Water Directive (2006/7/EC) demands the elaboration of bathing water profiles in which sources of pollution have to be assessed. In order to investigate the relevance of stormwater as a source of microbial contamination as well as the influence of catchment characteristics on the faecal loading, E.Coli, intestinal Enterococci and colony counts have been measured in event related stormwater samples of three different catchment areas in Berlin. The catchment areas were chosen to be as homogeneous as possible representing catchments of old housing buildings (OLD), new housing buildings (NEW), and commercial areas (COM). N-Formylaminoantipyrine (FAA) was measured as a tracer for raw wastewater. Results showed elevated concentrations (1-2 log units) of faecal indicator organisms (FIO) in catchment OLD (104-105 in comparison to 103 cfu/100mL) suggesting illicit connections of wastewater discharges to rainwater drains, which is supported by elevated concentrations of FAA in the same catchment type. 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#> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Optiwells-2 Synthesis report" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "69" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Objective of this synthesis report is to summarise the main achievements of the OPTIWELLS-2 project. Based on a preparatory phase OPTIWELLS-1 (2011-2012), the main project phase OPTIWELLS-2 (2012-2015) included the development of two different optimisation modelling methodologies (data-driven, process-driven) for minimising a well field’s specific energy demand whilst satisfying both, water demand and water quality constraints.\rChapter 2 gives a short overview on the technical background on pipe hydraulics and the general methodology used within the project.\rThe general workflow of the testing and application for the three case study well fields investigated within OPTIWELLS-2 is summarised in Chapter 3. For the first two case studies (Chapter Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden. and Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden.), a process-driven modelling approach was used, which enabled the assessment of three different management strategies (smart well field management, pump renewal or a combination of both) on the specific energy demand. This approach was more time and data-demanding (Chapter 2.5) compared to the data-driven approach used for the third case study (Chapter Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden.).\rThe cross-case analysis (Chapter 4) showed, that the energetic prediction accuracy of process-driven modelling (Chapter 4.1.3) was improved significantly by using pump characteristics derived from audits instead of relying on manufacturer data, whilst including steady-state well drawdown compared to assuming a static water level in the production well was much less important. This can be explained by the fact, that well drawdown contributed to less than 3% of the required pump head (Chapter 4.1.1), whilst the offset between audit and manufacturer pump characteristics is much more relevant because of pump ageing during long usage periods (up to 40 years). The data-based modelling approach used for Site C has yielded energy consumption forecasts with a similar accuracy, but is more robust as it relies on operational data, thus requiring no calibration.\rOptimisation modelling results (Chapter 4.1.3) obtained for three case study well fields indicate that optimised well operation reduces energy consumption up to 20%. The supplementary replacement of particularly aged pumps increases the savings even up to 50%, in case that very aged pumps were formerly operated at high priority. A newly developed pump database comprising the relevant facts of submersible pumps of different manufacturers can be used for the selection of suitable pumps (Chapter 6.1.2).\rTesting the methodology developed in OPTIWELLS-2 for minimising the well field’s specific energy demand was limited to three small to medium sized well field sites ranging from 6 to 18 submersible pumps. However, the methodology should be also scalable, i.e. applicable for larger well field sites without being too expensive. Currently this is not possible, because important parameters required for assessing the in-situ pump characteristics (pumping rate, pressure head and power demand of pump, water level in well) are typically not logged by the operators with a sufficient temporal resolution. To overcome this data shortage, time-consuming pump audits were required, but these provide only a snapshot that in addition can be fast outdated (for example if that the pumps are renewed). Thus, future research in the field of energetic well field optimisation should focus on:\r- the identification (or equipment) of a bigger well field with data loggers\r- testing of the data-driven approach for this (large) well field" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3078848568/D4.1_SynthesisReport_fin3_sites anonym.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OPTIWELLS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Remy, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schwarzmüller, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schmidt, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Catalina, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hein, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Offermann, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Strehl, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nickel, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sieker, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pallasch, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Köhler, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kaiser, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Möller, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Büter, B. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lessmann, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Günther, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Säumel, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pille, L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Winkler, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Joswig, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Reichmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zielorientierte Regenwasserbewirtschaftung zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und der Umweltbedingungen in der Stadt" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAMUWA Abschlussveranstaltung „Schritte zu einem anpassungsfähigen Management des urbanen Wasserhaushalts“" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "10 May 2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stuttgart, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2836496065/20160427_Abstract_KURAS_Abschlussveranstaltung.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "KURAS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "874" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "874" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pallasch, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sommer, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Joswig, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowsky-Reusing, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "A modelling approach for assessing acute river impacts of realistic stormwater management strategies" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "8 th International Conference on Sewer Processes and Networks" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "4" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`num-vols` #> $xml$records$record$`num-vols`$style #> $xml$records$record$`num-vols`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sewer system impacts" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integrated modelling, stormwater management, strategic planning, CSO, acute river impacts, STORM, InfoWorks CS, QSim" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "31 August – 2 September 2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rotterdam, The Netherlands" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Conventional sewer models such as SWMM or InfoWorks CS are widely used to analyse effects of relative runoff reduction or storage capacity increase on a global scale. However, the applied tools are usually insufficient for planning precise stormwater management strategies on city quarter scale. We propose a modelling approach that combines a 1D sewer model and a river water quality model with a detailed hydrological rainfall-runoff model that includes model components for a multitude of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). The modelling approach is demonstrated to evaluate realistic measure combinations developed for a city quarter in Berlin, Germany. Results show that negative river impacts of combined sewer overflows (CSO), in our case fish-critical oxygen conditions, can be completely prevented with a set of adequate measures." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1286673172/SPN8_ExtendedAbstract_Riechel_et_al_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "KURAS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "1048" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "1048" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Weinkauf, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lutscher, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bewertung umgesetzter urbaner Maßnahmen zur Nährstoffreduktion. NITROLIMI 2, Gemeinsamer Ergebnisbericht, Kap. 3.1.2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2653823832/NITROLIMIT II_Kap3-1-2-Bewertung umgesetzter u.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> 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#> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowsky-Reusing, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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$xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Impacts of combined sewer overflows on a large urban river - Understanding the effect of different management strategies" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "10" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "105 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] " 264" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "CSO, ammonium, Dissolved oxygen, Impact assessment, Integrated modelling, Mitigation measures, River Spree" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "To support decision makers in planning effective combined sewer overflow (CSO) management strategies\ran integrated modelling and impact assessment approach has been developed and applied for a large\rurban area in Berlin, Germany. It consists of an urban drainage model, a river water quality model and a\rtool for the quantification of adverse dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions in the river, one of the main\rstressors for urban lowland rivers. The coupled model was calibrated successfully with average Nash-\rSutcliffe-efficiencies for DO in the river of 0.61 and 0.70 for two validation years. Moreover, the whole\rrange of observed DO concentrations after CSO down to 0 mg L-1 is simulated by the model. A local\rsensitivity analysis revealed that in the absence of CSO dissolved oxygen principally depends on\rphytoplankton dynamics. Regarding CSO impacts, it was shown that 97% of the observed DO deficit can\rbe explained by the three processes (i) mixing of river water with CSO spill water poor in DO, (ii) reduced\rphytoplankton activity due to CSO-induced turbidity and (iii) degradation of organic matter by heterotrophic\rbacteria. As expected, process (iii) turned out to be the most important one. However depending\ron the time lag after CSO the other processes can become dominant. Given the different involved processes,\rwe found that different mitigation schemes tested in a scenario analysis can reduce the occurrence\rof critical DO deficits in the river by 30-70%. Overall, the study demonstrates that integrated\rsewer-river-models can be set up to represent CSO impacts under complex urban conditions. However,\ra significant effort in monitoring and modelling is a requisite for achieving reliable results" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1104274690/Riechel_et_al_2016_ImpactsOfCsoOnALargeUrbanRi.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "MIA-CSO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.017" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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"EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Thesis" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pacheco Fernández, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Indirect Potable Reuse: A Risk Assessment for Vendée Eau" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fachgebiet Wasserreinhaltung" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "104" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "Master" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "November 2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "One way of coping with water shortness is through reusing wastewater. In order to enhance potable water production\rin sites dealing with water shortness, treated wastewater can be fed into an intermediate storage system,\rgenerally a natural water reservoir from which drinking water is produced. This procedure is called indirect potable\rreuse. Although this technique may be an innovative way of coping with water shortness, little is known about the\reffect of this procedure concerning environmental and human health.\rIn order to find more about the environmental and health human risks arising from indirect potable reuse technologies\ra risk assessment was carried over in the French Department of Vendée. This site deals with water shortness\rfrom May to October through a significantly enhanced water consumption in the coastal aera of this department\rcaused by the increase of tourism activities and intensified crop irrigation. To achieve this task 35 different organic\rmicropollutants, in its majority pesticides and pharmaceuticals were studied. Therefore, a risk assessment on water\rreuse technologies was performed at the site of concern. Furthermore, the impact of two tertiary treatments\rdeveloped within the framework of the European DEMOWARE project on minimising arising risks was also taken\rinto account.\rResults showed that 16 substances present a potential risk to the environment and/or to human health at the\rWWTP effluent. Similar results were achieved in fresh water, in this case 14 compounds have a risk quotient higher\rthan 1 indicating a risk for both, health and environment. Furthermore, outcomes from the tertiary treatments\rrisk characterisation showed that none of the studied tertiary techniques is cappable of reducing environmental and\rhealth risks for all substances to acceptable levels (RQ < 1). Same results were achieved for the risk characterisation\rin fresh water." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Master" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3354434734/Masterarbeit.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "979" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "979" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "D. 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$xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "16" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "101" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "15 September 2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "519" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "On-line measurement, Sensor Calibration method, Accuracy, Robustness, Water quality" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "UV/Vis spectrophotometers have been used for one decade to monitor water quality in various locations:\rsewers, rivers, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), tap water networks, etc. Resulting equivalent\rconcentrations of interest can be estimated by three ways: i) by manufacturer global calibration; ii) by\rlocal calibration based on the provided global calibration and grab sampling; iii) by advanced calibration\rlooking for relations between UV/Vis spectra and corresponding concentrations from grab sampling.\rHowever, no study has compared the applied methods so far. This collaborative work presents a comparison\rbetween five different methods. A Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM),\rEVOlutionary algorithm method (EVO) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) have been applied on various data\rsets (sewers, rivers, WWTPs under dry, wet and all weather conditions) and for three water quality\rparameters: TSS, COD total and dissolved. Two criteria (r2 and Root Mean Square Error RMSE) have been\rcalculated - on calibration and verification data subsets - to evaluate accuracy and robustness of the\rapplied methods. Values of criteria have then been statistically analysed for all and separated data sets.\rNon-consistent outcomes come through this study. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test and RMSEs, PLS\rand SVM seem to be the best methods. According to uncertainties in laboratory analysis and ranking of\rmethods, LR and EVO appear more robust and sustainable for concentration estimations. 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" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Remy, C. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rustler, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jubany i Guell, I. 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$xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technische Universität Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Organische Spurenstoffe, wie Pharmazeutikrückstände, werden durch die konventionellen Reinigungsschritte\rder kommunalen Kläranlagen nur unzureichend entfernt und können in die\raquatische Umwelt sowie ins Trinkwasser gelangen. Ozon stellt eine Möglichkeit zur Elimination\rdieser Spurenstoffen aus Kläranlagenabläufen dar. Dabei werden Wasserinhaltsstoffe\rdirekt durch Ozon und indirekt über °OH-Radikale oxidiert und transformiert. Für die Ausstattung\reiner Kläranlage mit einer Ozonanlage erfolgt oft eine aufwändige und langwierige\rPilotierung. Daher ist eine Testmethode im Labormaßstab von Nöten, anhand derer Auslegungsparameter\rfür die Dimensionierung einer Ozonanlage abgelesen werden können. Im\rRahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein einheitliches Testverfahren entwickelt und der\rEinfluss der Probenlagerung, der Wassertemperatur bei Versuchsdurchführung, der Wassermatrix\rund des Gehalts an DOC, Nitrit und abfiltrierbaren Stoffen untersucht. Des Weiteren\rwurden Methoden zur Vorhersage der Spurenstoffelimination mit Ozon überprüft und bewertet.\rDie Testmethode eines Semi-Batch-Verfahrens, bei der eine Wasserprobe mit einem Sauerstoff/\rOzon-Gemisch begast wird, wurde mit einem Batch-Verfahren, bei dem eine hochkonzentrierte\rOzonlösung der Probe zugegeben wird, verglichen. Batchversuche können mit\rkonstanten oder variablen Verdünnung durchgeführt werden. Dabei wird zu einer gleichbleibenden\rMenge an Probenlösung eine variierende Menge an Ozonstarkwasser gegeben und\rdiese Lösung bei der konstanten Verdünnung auf einen festgelegten Wert mit voll entsalztem\rWasser aufgefüllt, während bei der variablen Verdünnung keine Zugabe von voll entsalztem\rWasser erfolgt, so dass variierende Gesamtvolumina entstehen. Zur Bewertung der Ozonung\rwurde der spektrale Absorptionskoeffizient bei 254nm benutzt, da er den Gehalt an Organik\rin einer Wasserprobe wiederspiegelt. 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"EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Thesis" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heller, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stickstoffentfernung durch Wasserlinsen – Umsetzung eines energieeffizienten Verfahrens zur Reinigung ammoniumreicher Abwässer" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> 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attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirß, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Miehe, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> 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$xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Spree und Havel sind langsam fließende\rGewässer, deren Wassermenge besonders\rdurch die Reduzierung des Braunkohletagebaus\ram Oberlauf der Spree seit 1990\rkontinuierlich zurückgeht. Die Berliner\rWasserbetriebe leiten in diese Vorfluter\rdas biologisch gereinigte Abwasser (Klarwasser)\rein, das die Gewässersituation in\rBezug auf Keime, NährstofFe und organisehe\rSpurenstoffe beeinflusst. Maßnahmen\ran der Quelle zur Vermeidung oder\rVerminderung des StofFeintrages in den\rWasserkreislauf, eine Abwasserreinigung\rmit Ozonung, Pulverkohle sowie Membranfiltration\rkönnten hier eine verbesserte\rEntfernung bewirken. Die Berliner\rWasserbetriebe und das Kompetenzzentrum\rBerlin haben gemeinsam mit der TU\rBerlin zur Spurenstoff- und Keimentfernung\rdas Verfahren der Ozonung von gereinigtem\rAbwasser durchgeführt.\rDas Ziel der Ozonung ist es, die Spurenstoffe\rmöglichst weitreichend zu entfernen.\rGleichzeitig lag der Fokus darauf,\rneben den Indikatororganismen für Fäkalverunreinigungen\rauch Krankheitserreger,\rbesonders die Viren zu untersuchen,\rund zu bewerten. Es ist besteht das Interesse\reine zukunftsweisende und kompakte\rTechnologie, die alle Ziele umfasst, zu\rrealisieren." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2488155815/OzonungfürdieAbwasserdesinfektionundSpurenstof.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IST4R / ASKURIS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "Deutsch" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "958" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "958" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kropp, I. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ringe, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Denhez, S. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hartmann, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "The relevance of sewer deterioration modelling to support asset management strategies" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Urban Water Journal" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Urban Water Journal" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "accepted" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Asset Management, Modelling, Sewer condition, CCTV inspection, Sensitivity analysis, Data mining" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Deterioration modelling can be a powerful tool to support utilities in\rplanning efficient sewer rehabilitation strategies. However, the benefits of using\rdeterioration models are still to be demonstrated to increase the confidence of\rutilities toward simulation results. This study aims at assessing the performance of\ra statistical deterioration model to estimate the current condition and predict the\rfuture deterioration of the network. The quality of prediction of the deterioration\rmodel GompitZ has been assessed using the extensive dataset of 35,826\rinspections of the city of Braunschweig in Germany. The performance of the\rstatistical model has been compared with the performance of a simple model based\ronly on the condition of observed sewers. Results show that the statistical model\rperforms much better than the simple model for simulating the deterioration of the\rnetwork. The findings highlight the relevance of using modelling tools to simulate\rsewer deterioration and support strategic asset management." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3403554457/Caradot_2015_UrbanWaterJournal_v9_submitted.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SEMA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kropp, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ringe, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Denhez, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hartmann, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "The benefits of deterioration modelling to support sewer asset management strategies" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "8th International Conference on Sewer Processes and Networks " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Infrastructure management, sewer condition, deterioration modelling, CCTV, uncertainty" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "31 August – 2 September 2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rotterdam, The Netherlands" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Deterioration modelling has been developed in the last decades to support operators and municipalities in defining mid-long term asset management strategies with limited availability of sewer condition data (CCTV). Modelling can help validating and showing the viability of current strategies or provide information to justify the relevance of additional investments and expenditures. Several modelling approaches are now available but not commonly used by sewer operators and municipalities to support strategies mainly because of the lack of real scale demonstration of the tangible benefits provided. Indeed, most of these models fail to show that they can adequately forecast future conditions (Ana and Bauwens, 2010; Scheidegger et al., 2011; WERF, 2012)." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3874975480/Caradot_2016_SPN.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SEMA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "975" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "975" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Thesis" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Menz. C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Oxygem delivering processes in groundwater and their relevance for iron-related well clogging processes - A case study on the quaternary aquifers of Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fachbereich Geowissenschaften" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "184" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "973" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "973" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Baudron, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lorenzen, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ronghang, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hydrogeochemical and isotopic insights into mineralization processes and groundwater recharge from an intermittent monsoon channel to an overexploited aquifer in eastern Haryana (India)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Earth Sciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Earth Sciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "434" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "75" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "2016//" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$isbn #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style[[1]] #> [1] "1866-6299" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This study aimed at characterizing the groundwater flow pattern in a semi-arid agricultural area in northern India crossed by an intermittent monsoon-controlled watercourse, the Najafgarh drain. More specifically, it focused on studying the impact of groundwater recharge from the riverbed to the regional aquifer using hydrogeochemical and isotopic data. Significant hydrogeochemical zonation was observed between the northern, central and southern sides of the drain, linked to different mineralization processes and mixings. Northward from the drain, groundwater was mainly brackish (4.1–23.4 mS/cm), due to dissolution of evaporites (halite and anhydrite). Southward from the drain, mostly fresh groundwater was found (from 0.5 to 2.3 mS/cm), revealing notable cation exchange processes. In the vicinity of the drain (central area), mineralization was intermediate (0.7–4 mS/cm) and groundwater showed low geochemical evolution, supposing a distinct origin. Stable isotopes of water (δ18O, δ2H) confirmed that central groundwater was not a simple mixing between northern and southern groundwater masses, but had a significant component of infiltrated surface water from the drain. Potentiometric data supported these findings and confirmed the contribution of the drain to the recharge of the aquifer, setting up a hydraulic barrier between north and south, despite surface water availability limited to the monsoon season and low hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed. This study demonstrates the value of the geochemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater to characterize groundwater flow pattern in peri-urban agricultural areas, especially surface water–groundwater interactions." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4911-8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.1007/s12665-015-4911-8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "823" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "823" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Barjenbruch, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kober, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Post, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Remy, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sommer, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Weiß, B. 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#> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Krause Camilo, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pagotto, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dechesne, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Soyeux, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nitrate reduction in reactive swales at low temperatures: full-size field system vs. technical scale" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology: Water Supply" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology: Water Supply" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "15" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "642" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "agricultural drainage, constructed wetlands, diffuse pollution, nutrients" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Diffuse nitrate (NO3) contamination from intense agriculture adversely impacts freshwater ecosystems,\rand can also result in nitrate concentrations exceeding limits set in drinking water regulation, when\rreceiving surface waters are used for drinking water production. Implementation of near-natural\rmitigation zones such as reactive swales or wetlands have been proven to be promising measures to\rreduce nitrate loads in agricultural drainage waters. However, the behavior of these systems at low\rtemperatures and its dependence on systemdesign has not beenwell known until now. In this study, the\rbehavior of a full-scale (length: 45 m) reactive swale treating drainage water from an agricultural\rwatershed in Brittany (France), with high nitrate concentrations in the receiving river, was monitored for\rone season (6 months). As flow in this full-size field system is usually restricted to winter and spring\rmonths (December–May), it usually operates at lowwater temperatures of 5–10 WC. Tracer tests revealed\rshorter than designed retention times due to high inflows and preferential flow in the swale. Results\rshow a correlation between residence time and nitrate reduction with low removal (<10%) for short\rresidence times (<0.1 day), increasing to >25% at residence times >10 h (0.4 day). Performance was\rcompared to results of two technical-scale reactive swales (length: 8 m) operated for 1.5 yearswith two\rdifferent residence times (0.4 and 2.5 days), situated at a test site of the German Federal Environmental\rAgency in Berlin (Germany). Similar nitrate reduction was observed for comparable temperature and\rresidence time, showing that up-scaling is a suitable approach to transferring knowledge gathered from\rtechnical-scale experiments to field conditions. For the design of new mitigation systems, one\rrecommendation is to investigate carefully the expected inflow volumes in advance to ensure a\rsufficient residence time for effective nitrate reduction at low temperatures." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3302723632/WST_WS_2015_Wicke et al_Nitrate reduction in r.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "AQUISAFE" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "811" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schubert, R.-L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Quilitzki, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dünnbier, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "von Seggern, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Monitoring of catchment-specific micropollutant contamination in stormwater of Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "17th IWA International Conference on Diffuse Pollution and Eutrophication (DIPCON)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "diffuse pollution, urban catchments, emerging substances, stormwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "13-18 September 2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "A study is conducted to determine the relevance of micropollutants in urban stormwater runoff.\rTo evaluate for the first time city-wide annual loads of stormwater-based micropollutants entering urban\rsurface waters, an event-based, one-year monitoring program was set up in separate storm sewers in\rBerlin. Monitoring points were selected in 5 catchments of different urban structures (old building areas\r<1930, newer building areas >1950, single houses with gardens, roads >7500 vehicles/day and\rcommercial areas) to consider catchment-specific differences. Storm events of different characteristics\rwere sampled up to four hours during different seasons by automatic samplers triggered by flow meters.\rVolume-proportional samples (one composite sample per event) were analysed for a set of 100\rparameters including 85 organic micropollutants (e.g. flame retardants, phthalates, pesticides/biocides,\rPAH), heavy metals and standard parameters. So far (70/88 samples), 60 organic micropollutants were at\rleast once detected in stormwater runoff of the investigated catchment types. Concentrations were highest\rfor phthalates with average concentrations of 13 µg/L for diisodecyl phthalate. For heavy metals,\rconcentrations were highest for zinc (average: 950 µg/L). Results also showed catchment-specific\rdifferences for many compounds as well as seasonal differences for selected pollutants which can be used\rto improve micropollutant strategies and potentially prevent loads at the source." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1354080139/Full paper_DipCon 2015_Wicke_et_al.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OgRe" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, Andreas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> 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Fachtagung Mess- und Regelungstechnik in abwassertechnischen Anlagen - Konzepte, Erfahrungen, Trends" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "4. 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Die eingesetzten technischen Maßnahmen basieren meistens auf der adsorptiven Wirkung von granulierter (GAK) bzw. pulverförmiger Aktivkohle (PAK) oder der Oxidation mittels Ozon. Während Spurenstoffe bei der Adsorption an die Aktivkohle physisch aus dem Wasser entfernt werden, so werden diese bei der Reaktion mit Ozon in andere Moleküle transformiert. Daher ist eine Spurenstoffelimination in diesem Zusammenhang als Primärelimination aufzufassen. Für einen ökonomischen und effizienten Betrieb dieser technischen Maßnahmen sind geeignete Steuer- und Regelungskonzepte erforderlich. Da eine Onlinemessung der Zielsubstanz(en) aufgrund des analytischen Aufwands nicht möglich ist, werden andere Indikatoren für die Dosisanpassung an eine variierende Wasserqualität benötigt. Ein häufig verwendeter Indikator zur Abschätzung der Spurenstoffelimination ist die auf den gelösten organischen Kohlenstoff (DOC) bezogene Ozonzehrung (mg O3 / mg DOC), die beispielsweise für eine frachtproportionale Steuerung verwendet werden kann. Diese Steuerung erlaubt jedoch keine direkte Prozesskontrolle und zur Berücksichtigung des stark ozonzehrenden Nitrits (3,4 mg O3 / mg-N) kann ein zusätzlicher Messaufwand nötig sein. Eine Alternative dazu bildet die relative Abnahme des spektralen Absorptionskoeffizienten SAK254 (" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ΔSAK254), f" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ür welche in mehreren Studien wie z.B. [1-5] eine Korrelation mit der Spurenstoffeliminierung verschiedener Substanzen beschrieben wurde. Das erzielte " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ΔSAK254 wird dabei von der effektiven Ozonzehrung im Wasser beeinflusst, so dass eine ver" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "änderte Wasserqualität entsprechend detektiert und durch eine Anpassung der Ozondosis ausgeglichen werden kann. Die Verwendung einer Regelung mit dem Ziel eine konstante SAK254 – Reduzierung und damit auch eine entsprechend konstante Spurenstoffelimination zu gewährleisten, bietet daher auch den Vorteil einer direkten Prozesskontrolle. Auf eine zusätzliche Onlinemessung des Nitrits kann ebenfalls verzichtet werden. Die Verwendung des " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ΔSAK254 k" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "önnte auch für eine Pulveraktivkohledosierung interessant sein, da in den Arbeiten von [6; 7] ebenfalls ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ΔSAK254 und der Spurenstoffelimination gezeigt werden konnte" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stapf, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Miehe, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Application of Ultraviolet Absorption Measurement for Closed-loop Control of Tertiary Ozonation" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" 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$xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "29 June - 1 July 2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Barcelona, Spain" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "To cope with the occurrence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the urban water cycle, different\rtechnologies have been tested to upgrade wastewater treatment plants for OMP removal.\rMeasures are either based on adsorption onto activated carbon or ozonation. To ensure an\reconomic and effective operation of the OMP removal, an automatic control system, which adapts\rthe dosage to the varying water quality of the secondary effluent, is necessary. An online OMP\rmeasurement is not possible because of the high analytical afford, thus other surrogates have to\rbe used for control purposes instead. One promising surrogate is the reduction of the ultraviolet\rabsorption at 254 nm (∆UVA254) at the ozonation stage, which correlates very well with the OMP\rremoval. In this study, the results of the successful application of the ∆UVA254 for a closed-loop\rcontrol at an ozonation pilot plant for OMP removal are presented with a focus on implementation\rissues like coping with delay time and the choice of measurement points. OMP removal was\rassessed for three different ∆UVA254 setpoints, of which two of them also were performed as an\radvanced ozone process. It could be shown that changes of the ozone demand, e.g. by a varying\rconcentration of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or nitrite, can be detected and countered by\ran adaption of the applied ozone dose." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3549719910/IOA_2015_Stapf_final.pdf" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3362196797/IOA_Barcelona_2015_Presentation.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IST4R" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schubert, R.-L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Monitoring of trace organic contaminants in stormwater runoff from five catchments in Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "European Junior Science Workshop" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stormwater, monitoring, sampling, micropollutants" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "18-22 May 2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chichilianne, France" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In recent years, the effect of urbanization on the quality of stormwater runoff\rgained increased attention including investigations on micropollutants. Especially\rin cities dominated by separated sewer systems, stormwater runoff containing\rmicropollutants from anthropogenic origin is discharged mostly untreated into\rsurface waters and therefore a potential source of high loads of pollutants. In a one\ryear monitoring campaign stormwater runoff from five different catchments in\rBerlin is analyzed for major groups of micropollutants such as phthalates,\rorganophosphates, organotin-compounds, biocides/pesticides, PAH’s,\ralkylphenols, polybrominated diphenylether, polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy\rmetals. Sampling sites are equipped with automatic samplers, flow and water level\rmeters in order to prepare flow proportional composite samples (recommended\rsampling strategy according to DIN ISO 5667-10). First results show that all\rgroups of micropollutants were found in at least one catchment type in\rconcentrations > 2 µg/L. Concentrations of the different micropollutant groups vary\rdepending on the catchment types. So far, no organotin-compounds,\rpolybrominated diphenylether or polychlorinated biphenyls were determined." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3490228227/EJSW_Workshop_Schubert_paper_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OgRe" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "829" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "829" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schoumans, O.F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bouraoui, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kabbe, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Oenema, O." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "van Dijk, K.C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phosphorus management in Europe in a changing world" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "AMBIO. A Journal of the Human Environment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "AMBIO. A Journal of the Human Environment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "44" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "180" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phosphorus, Balance, Resource cycle, Recovery, Waste, Manure, Climate change" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Food production in Europe is dependent on\rimported phosphorus (P) fertilizers, but P use is inefficient\rand losses to the environment high. Here, we discuss\rpossible solutions by changes in P management. We argue\rthat not only the use of P fertilizers and P additives in feed\rcould be reduced by fine-tuning fertilization and feeding to\ractual nutrient requirements, but also P from waste has to\rbe completely recovered and recycled in order to close the\rP balance of Europe regionally and become less dependent\ron the availability of P-rock reserves. 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#> [1] "Energy and resource recovery from municipal wastewater is a pre-requisite for an efficient and sustainable water management in cities of the future. However, a sound evaluation of available processes and pathways is required to identify opportunities and short-comings of the different options and reveal synergies and potentials for optimisation. For evaluating environmental impacts in a holistic view, the tool of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA, ISO 14040/44) is suitable to characterize and quantify the direct and indirect effects of new processes and concepts. 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Die große Ausdehnung der Tagebaue, sowohl in der Fläche als auch in der Tiefe, erfordert dabei eine über mehrere Jahrzehnte anhaltende Entwässerung der Lockergesteinsschichten. Hierfür werden Sümpfungsbrunnen verwendet, die bis in eine Tiefe von 750 m reichen. 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$xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "149" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "236" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Life Cycle Assessment, Stormwater, Raingardens, Sandfilter, Concrete, Sustainable design" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stormwater treatment technologies to manage runoff during rain events are primarily designed to\rreduce flood risks, settle suspended solids and concurrently immobilise metals and nutrients. Life Cycle\rAssessment (LCA) is scarcely documented for stormwater systems despite their ubiquitous imple-\rmentation. LCA modelling quantified the environmental impacts associated with the materials, con-\rstruction, transport, operation and maintenance of different stormwater treatment systems. A pre-\rfabricated concrete vortex unit, a sub-surface sandfilter and a raingarden, all sized to treat a func-\rtional unit of 35 m3 of stormwater runoff per event, were evaluated. Eighteen environmental mid-point\rmetrics and three end-point ‘damage assessment’ metrics were quantified for each system's lifecycle.\rClimate change (kg CO2 eq.) dominated net environmental impacts, with smaller contributions from\rhuman toxicity (kg 1,4-DB eq.), particulate matter formation (kg PM10 eq.) and fossil depletion (kg oil\req.). The concrete unit had the highest environmental impact of which 45% was attributed to its\rmaintenance while impacts from the sandfilters and raingardens were dominated by their bulky ma-\rterials (57%) and transport (57%), respectively. On-site infiltrative raingardens, a component of green\rinfrastructure (GI), had the lowest environmental impacts because they incurred lower maintenance and\rdid not have any concrete which is high in embodied CO2. Smaller sized raingardens affording the same\rlevel of stormwater treatment had the lowest overall impacts reinforcing the principle that using fewer\rresources reduces environmental impacts. LCA modelling can serve as a guiding tool for practitioners\rmaking environmentally sustainable solutions for stormwater treatment." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3110451928/JEMA(149)_236_Life Cycle Assessment modelling .pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OgRe" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "900" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "900" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Book Section" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mutz, D. 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attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Altmann, Johannes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ruhl, Aki Sebastian" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sperlich, Alexander" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sperlich, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Windelberg, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integrating Ozonation or Adsorption on Activated Carbon into Tertiary Wastewater Treatment: Environmental Impacts with Life Cycle Assessment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "12th IWA Specialised Conference on Design, Operation and Economics of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Organic Micropollutants" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ozonation" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Activated Carbon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Life Cycle Assessment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Carbon Footprint" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Prague, Czech Republic" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Background and Goal\rThe implementation of tertiary treatment at large wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) may be required in many WWTPs in Germany due to water quality targets defined in the Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) and Bathing Water Directive (EU-BWD) of the European Union. Furthermore, potential environmental risks of organic micropollutants (OMP) from anthropogenic sources (i.a. pharmaceuticals, sweeteners) could require additional treatment steps for tertiary treatment in future.\rEU-WFD requires a “good ecological status” of all water bodies, which can lead to a need of enhanced phosphorus removal at large WWTP (>100’000 pe), targeting an effluent quality <100" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "μg/L TP. Moreover, if a WWTP discharges upstream of bathing water, EU-BWD requirements have to be met. Hence implementing a disinfection step might be necessary. Different options for enhanced P-removal and disinfection have already been analyzed in their economic and environmental impacts (KWB 2013). Based on these results, both targets can be adequately met by coagulation with subsequent dual media filtration (DMF) and UV-disinfection (UV). On this basis, the present study focusses on the additional integration of a process for OMP-removal into a tertiary treatment scheme. Considered technologies for OMP-removal are oxidation by ozonation and adsorption by activated carbon (AC) either by dosing powdered activated carbon (PAC) or using filtration units with granulated activated carbon (GAC), respectively. These technologies increase the additional demand of energy and chemicals for tertiary wastewater treatment. WWTPs are already one of the major contributors of electricity demand at municipality level (UBA 2008), and further treatment steps may add up significantly in this environmental impact.\rIn the present study, different options and process configurations for OMP-removal are integrated in a tertiary treatment with advanced P-removal and UV-disinfection, and the entire tertiary treatment train is then analysed in its environmental impacts using the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The goal of the LCA is to reveal the trade-off between local environmental benefits by higher effluent quality and global environmental impacts, e.g. an increasing CO2-footprint.\rMethods\rWith the methodology of LCA different tertiary treatment schemes are analysed in a holistic approach " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "“from cradle to grave” (ISO 2006), which includes direct effects at water bodies through discharge, and indirect effects resulting from infrastructure, chemical and electricity demand by tertiary treatment and additional sludge treatment.\rThe baseline scenario is defined as treatment of secondary effluent of an existing WWTP located in Berlin, Germany (1’500’000 pe) by DMF with coagulation and UV (Figure 1.1). Sludge from backwash of filtration units is considered in the LCA by a simplified model for sludge treatment and mono-incineration (SMIP). For integration of OMP-removal into tertiary treatment, 7 possible scenarios are compared in their environmental impacts (Figure 1.2): (1) Ozone+DMF+UV, (2) PAC-dosing+DMF+UV, (3) PAC-cycle+DMF+UV, (4) DMF+GAC-filter+UV, (5) DMF w/ GAC-layer+UV, (6) Ozone+DMF w/ GAC-layer+UV, or (7) parallel treatment by ozonation and PAC+DMF+UV, respectively. Each scenario is analysed with a\rlow, medium, and high dosage of ozone or AC, displaying the whole range of economic feasibility and effluent quality targets (Table 1.1). The specific dosage of ozone and PAC are referred to DOC-concentration of the secondary effluent (12.8mg/l DOC).\rData used for advanced P-removal and UV-disinfection are based on a previous study (Remy et al. 2014) using planning data from the WWTP operator considering process efficiency, infrastructure, energy and chemical demand. Data for OMP-removal technology are based on pilot plants and planning data from WWTP operator. For LCA, impact categories of ReCiPe Midpoint method are taken into account (Goedkopp et al. 2008), e.g. global warming potential (GWP) or freshwater eutrophication potential (FEP), and cumulative energy demand (CED) of fossil and nuclear resources (VDI 2012), and USEtox indicators (Rosenbaum et al. 2008) freshwater ecotoxicity (ETP) and human toxicity potential (HTP).\rResults\rEnvironmental benefits of tertiary treatment scenarios on the global scale can be seen in the FEP and ETP indicators. TP from secondary effluent is reduced from 320" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "μg/l to 55μg/l TP after tertiary treatment. The global USEtox indicator ETP includes preliminary impact factors for seven measured OMPs (6 pharmaceuticals, 1 herbicide), neglecting potential toxic effects of metabolites or transformation products as limitation of the multi-fate model. Removal of OMP has a positive effect on ETP in all scenarios. However, background processes and heavy metal loads play a major role in the contribution to the global ecotoxicity indicator.\rOn the contrary, a higher energy and chemical consumption lead to a significant increase of CED and GWP due to OMP-removal (Figure 1.3). Comparing baseline scenario (DMF+UV) with the gross GWP of a large WWTP, the CO2-footprint will increase by +11% (82g CO2-eq/m" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "³). Ozonation increases the GWP by 23% to 37% depending on ozone dosage. Main contributors for GWP are electricity and liquid oxygen demand for ozonation. Highest effects on GWP are detected for the scenario “PAC-cycle+DMF+UV” with an additional CO2-footprint of 36% or 110%, respectively, which is mainly caused by emissions during production of AC. In summary, OMP-removal can double the GWP of an existing large WWTP in the worst case and thus contributes significantly to global environmental effects.\rProduction of AC is a crucial parameter for scenarios using GAC or PAC. Hence, a sensitivity analysis is performed changing raw materials for AC production. AC production is modelled according to available data from Bayer et al. (2005) using 3kg of hard coal as resource for activation process and generating 1kg of virgin AC. Other possible resources for AC production can be lignite or coconut shells. Varying the type of resource reveals a high uncertainty in GWP. Considering scenario “PAC+DMF+UV” a possible reduction of -23% of net GWP using coconut shells or even an increase of net GWP by +32% using lignite is possible.\rSince specific discharge limits for OMP removal are not defined yet, a direct comparison between the considered scenarios is not possible, as they lead to different effluent qualities in OMP concentration. 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"100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Quilitzki, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dünnbier, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "von Seggern, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Micropollutants in stormwater runoff – Load estimation at city scale" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "17th IWA Conference on Diffuse Pollution (DIPCON)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stormwater runoff, trace organic loads, city scale" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "13-18 September 2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Micropollutant concentrations found in stormwater runoff were extrapolated to annual loads at the scale of the city of Berlin (impervious connected area of ~170 km2). Extrapolation was done by city structure, i.e., it was assumed that concentration patterns found in one of five specific city structure types is representative for every area of this structure type. Preliminary results show that micropollutants of several substance types can enter Berlin surface waters at loads in the order of kg/yr via stormwater runoff: plasticizers (e.g., sum of Di-iso-decylphthalate and Di-iso-nonylphthalate at 770 kg/yr), flame retardants (e.g., tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) at 89 kg/yr), biocides from different sources (e.g., Glyphosate at 17 kg/yr and Mecoprop at 30 kg/yr), vulcanizing accelerator benzothiazole (as sum of benzothiazole and metabolites methylthiobenzothiazole and hydroxybenzothiazole at 65 kg/yr) and combustion byproduct polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH 16 (sum of 16 EPA PAH at 107 kg/yr). These loads are in a similar order of magnitude as micropollutants that enter Berlin surface waters via (treated) sewage, such as pharmaceutical residues carbamazepine and ibuprofen with estimated annual loads of 436 kg/yr and 35 kg/yr, respectively." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3429111453/3111166_Matzinger_et_al_full_paper_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OgRe" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schubert, R.-L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Quilitzki, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dünnbier, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "von Seggern, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stormwater runoff leads to pollution peaks in small urban stream" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "I.S.Rivers 2nd International Conference" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "micropollutants, stormwater, urban stream" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "22-26 June 2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lyon, France" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "We investigate water quality of a small urban river during dry and wet weather conditions, including\rboth standard parameters and trace organics. The monitored river stretch receives both effluents from\rWWTP as well as (separate) stormwater runoff of an impervious area of 11 km2. Results show\rincreases in concentrations in the river during rain events with a factor > 20 for zinc, polycyclic\raromatic hydrocarbons, two herbicides and one flame retardant. Also, substances which are expected\rboth in WWTP effluent and in stormwater effluents were detected at important concentrations in the\rriver during wet weather, such as the corrosion inhibitor Benzotriazole (0.8 µg/L on average) and the\rplasticizer Diisodecyl phthalate (4.0 µg/L on average). The presented results are preliminary and will\rbe complemented by more results and substances as well as an assessment of the relevance of the\rfindings." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0341552465/Matzinger_et_al_ISRivers15_submitted.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OgRe" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "857" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "857" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Book Section" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Andreas Matzinger" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Petersen, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowsky-Reusing, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "A planning instrument for an integrated and recipient/impact based CSO control under conditions of climate change" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Climate Change, Water Supply and Sanitation. 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$xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "23-24 June 2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "London, UK" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "To sustain good harvests, each year more than one million tonnes of mineral phosphorus have to be imported to the European Union (van Dijk et al., unpublished data), while the potential to recover and recycle this essential resource remains untapped or is just inefficiently used as in the case of sewage sludge, manure and food waste. In recent years various technical solutions have been developed to recover phosphorus providing mineral compounds suitable as raw material for fertiliser production or even as ready-to-use fertiliser. Regarding the implementation of these technologies, operational benefits for plant operators like the water utilities in the case of P recovery from wastewater and/or sewage sludge are the strongest argument for their market penetration. Without the provision of direct operational benefits, implementation needs to be motivated or even enforced by suitable and reliable policies. In order to realise a circular economy, it is important not just to focus on the recovery itself. The recovered materials need to match the requirements and needs of their intended users. Therefore, full value-chain solutions have to be promoted instead of isolated technology-focused approaches. Following our principles of sustainability and resource efficiency, the assessment of innovations must also include their environmental impact.\rThis review provides an overview of recently developed and promising technologies for phosphorus recovery from wastewater and discusses aspects regarding their wide-spread application, along with their limitations. It will focus on recovery and recycling from sewage sludge. Not only the technologies themselves, also the recovered materials and their valorisation options are addressed. Results of the EU FP7 funded project P-REX entitled 'Sustainable sewage sludge management fostering phosphorus recovery and energy efficiency' and other recent initiatives will be included. Since innovation always needs an enabling environment for market penetration, barriers set by the existing legal framework and measures to resolve them will be reviewed. Finally, Goethe's words are true more than ever: 'Knowing is not enough, we must apply! 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Altmann, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ruhl, A.S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sperlich, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schaller, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirß, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Miehe, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "TU Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "WWT" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integration der Spurenstoffentfernung in Technologieansätze der 4. Reinigungsstufe bei Klärwerken" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "189" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "TU Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Der vorliegende Abschlussbericht fasst die Ergebnisse des Forschungsvorhabens IST4R (Integration der Spurenstoffentfernung in Technologieansätze der 4. Reinigungsstufe) zusammen, in dem verschiedene Verfahrenskombination von Aktivkohle und Ozonung zur Entfernung von anthropogenen Spurenstoffen als weitergehende Abwasserreinigung untersucht wurden. Dabei stand insbesondere die Integration dieser Verfahren in die Flockungsfiltration zur weitestgehenden Entfernung von Phosphor und abfiltrierbaren Stoffen im Fokus, die eine Planungsvariante zum zukünftigen Ausbau der Berliner Klärwerke darstellt. Ein wesentliches Ziel war die Bewertung der Verfahrensalternativen (1) Direktdosierung von Pulveraktivkohle, (2) Festbettadsorption an granulierte Aktivkohle und (3) Ozonung zur Spurenstoffentfernung, um zukünftige Anforderungen an Oberflächengewässer zu erfüllen. Die mittels Pilotversuchen gewonnenen Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass sowohl Ozonung als auch Aktivkohle sinnvoll mit der Flockungsfiltration kombiniert werden können. Alle untersuchten Verfahrensvarianten sind geeignet, den Spurenstoffeintrag kommunaler Kläranlagen signifikant zu verringern und gleichzeitig die Zielwerte für die suspendierten Stoffe (TSS < 1 mg/L) und Gesamtphosphor (TP < 0,1 mg/L) sicher einzuhalten. Es erfolgt eine zusätzliche Entfernung von CSB und DOC. Die Entfernung der einzelnen Spurenstoffe ist stoffspezifisch. Sie ist außerdem abhängig von der Konzentration des im Wasser vorliegenden gelösten organischen Kohlenstoffs (DOC) und der Dosis von Aktivkohle bzw. Ozon, aber unabhängig von der Ausgangskonzentration der Spurenstoffe. Für ausgewählte Indikatorsubstanzen wurden Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehungen für die Adsorption an Aktivkohle und die Reaktion mit Ozon ermittelt und an den Pilotanlagen überprüft. Der spezifische Absorptionskoeffizient bei 254 nm (SAK254) ist eine geeignete Größe zur Steuerung und Überwachung der Spurenstoffentfernung und sowohl für die Ozonung als auch die Adsorption an Aktivkohle aussagekräftig. Eine Regelung der Ozonung mittels SAK254 wurde im Pilotmaßstab getestet. Die Pilotuntersuchungen wurden darüber hinaus durch ein toxikologisches Monitoring begleitet, bei dem unterschiedliche, etablierte Untersuchungsmethoden eingesetzt, aber keine Hinweise auf humantoxikologische bzw. ökotoxikologische Risiken aufgezeigt wurden, auch nicht durch Oxidationsprodukte der Ozonung. Um eine vollständige ökotoxikologische Bewertung zu ermöglichen, müssen die Methoden weiter entwickelt werden. Neben den verfahrenstechnischen Untersuchungen wurden für die Verfahrensvarianten auch eine Kostenschätzung und Ökobilanz erstellt. Sowohl die Gesamtkosten als auch die Umweltwirkungen einer weitergehenden Phosphorentfernung mit Flockungsfiltern erhöhen sich deutlich, wenn mittels Ozon oder Aktivkohle zusätzlich auch Spurenstoffe entfernt werden sollen.\r\rThe research project IST4R aimed at investigating different process combinations of activated carbon adsorption and ozonation with tertiary filtration for the removal of organic micro-pollutants (OMP) from wastewater treatment plant effluents. Its main focus was the integration of OMP elimination into treatment options for phosphorus removal for future implementation in Berlin. The investigations were carried out both in laboratory and pilot-scale. The results demonstrate that both activated carbon adsorption and ozonation can be well combined with flocculation and subsequent rapid filtration. All investigated process combinations are capable of significantly eliminating OMP with a concomitant removal of suspended solids and total phosphorus. Additionally, both dissolved organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand are reduced. The elimination of OMP is specific for different substances and processes. The concentration of background organic matter has a strong influence on OMP removal for both activated carbon adsorption and ozonation. The UV light absorption at a wavelength of 254 nm (UV254) is a useful surrogate parameter to control and monitor OMP removal with substance specific correlations. Process control using UV254 was successfully tested in pilot-scale. A monitoring using established human- and eco-toxicological methods was conducted for the different process combinations but no indications for toxic effects towards aquatic organisms or humans were observed. Besides operational parameters, investment and operating costs as well as environmental impacts were estimated using life-cycle assessment (LCA). 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Bis 2015 konnte dieses Ziel jedoch nicht erreicht werden. Der Überschuss an Nährstoffen in Oberflächengewässern ist ein Aspekt, der zum Misserfolg des Vorhabens beitrug. Eine Rolle spielen hierbei die Nährstofffrachten, die aus urbanen Gebieten über die Kanalisation in die Gewässer gelangen. In dieser Arbeit werden daher Maßnahmen untersucht, die zur Reduktion der Nährstoffemissionen aus dem Kanalnetz dienen.\rEs wird eine Ökobilanz zu ausgewählten Maßnahmen der zentralen Regenwasserbewirtschaftung durchgeführt. Die Maßnahmen werden hinsichtlich ihres ökologischen Aufwandes (Materialbedarf, Transport, Energiebedarf, etc.) und ihres ökologischen Nutzens (Nährstoffreduktion) analysiert. Dabei wird zwischen Maßnahmen im Trenn- und Mischsystem unterschieden. Im Trennsystem wer-den ein Retentionsbodenfilter (RBF), drei unterschiedliche Regenklärbecken (RKB), ein Lamellenab-scheider (LA) und eine Nachrüstung eines RKB mittels Lamellen untersucht. Im Mischsystem erfolgt eine Analyse von einem Regenüberlaufbecken (RÜB), einem Stauraumkanal (SK) und drei Stauraum-aktivierungsmaßnahmen. Zu diesen gehören eine Abflusssteuerung durch eine eingebaute Drossel-anlage und zwei Umbaumaßnahmen zur Nutzung des Speichervolumens von Überlaufkanälen. Der Vollständigkeit halber wurden ein vereinfachtes Modell einer Großkläranlage, einer Schlammbehand-lung sowie einer Klärschlammverbrennungsanlage (KSVA) in die Betrachtung miteinbezogen. Um eine Aussage über potentielle Umweltauswirkungen treffen zu können, werden für die Wirkungsab-schätzung unter anderem das Treibhauspotential (GWP), die marine (MEP) und Süßwasser Eutro-phierung (FEP) sowie zwei Toxizitätspotentiale betrachtet. Zudem erfolgt eine Analyse zum kumulier-ten Energieaufwand (KEA) fossiler und nuklearer Energieträger.\rIn den Ergebnissen stellt sich die Infrastruktur als maßgeblicher Faktor für den ökologischen Aufwand heraus. Zudem spielt insbesondere im Mischsystem die zusätzlichen Aufwendungen auf der Kläranla-ge eine große Rolle. Der Aufwand für den Betrieb und die Wartung der Maßnahmen hingegen ist vergleichsweise gering. Im Trennsystem besitzen der Retentionsbodenfilter und der Lamellenab-scheider die geringsten negativen Umweltauswirkungen. Der Bau von Regenklärbecken geht diesbe-züglich mit weitaus höheren Auswirkungen einher. 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Bis 2015 konnte dieses Ziel jedoch nicht erreicht werden. Der Überschuss an Nährstoffen in Oberflächengewässern ist ein Aspekt, der zum Misserfolg des Vorhabens beitrug. Eine Rolle spielen hierbei die Nährstofffrachten, die aus urbanen Gebieten über die Kanalisation in die Gewässer gelangen. In dieser Arbeit werden daher Maßnahmen untersucht, die zur Reduktion der Nährstoffemissionen aus dem Kanalnetz dienen.\rEs wird eine Ökobilanz zu ausgewählten Maßnahmen der zentralen Regenwasserbewirtschaftung durchgeführt. Die Maßnahmen werden hinsichtlich ihres ökologischen Aufwandes (Materialbedarf, Transport, Energiebedarf, etc.) und ihres ökologischen Nutzens (Nährstoffreduktion) analysiert. Dabei wird zwischen Maßnahmen im Trenn- und Mischsystem unterschieden. Im Trennsystem wer-den ein Retentionsbodenfilter (RBF), drei unterschiedliche Regenklärbecken (RKB), ein Lamellenab-scheider (LA) und eine Nachrüstung eines RKB mittels Lamellen untersucht. Im Mischsystem erfolgt eine Analyse von einem Regenüberlaufbecken (RÜB), einem Stauraumkanal (SK) und drei Stauraum-aktivierungsmaßnahmen. Zu diesen gehören eine Abflusssteuerung durch eine eingebaute Drossel-anlage und zwei Umbaumaßnahmen zur Nutzung des Speichervolumens von Überlaufkanälen. Der Vollständigkeit halber wurden ein vereinfachtes Modell einer Großkläranlage, einer Schlammbehand-lung sowie einer Klärschlammverbrennungsanlage (KSVA) in die Betrachtung miteinbezogen. Um eine Aussage über potentielle Umweltauswirkungen treffen zu können, werden für die Wirkungsab-schätzung unter anderem das Treibhauspotential (GWP), die marine (MEP) und Süßwasser Eutro-phierung (FEP) sowie zwei Toxizitätspotentiale betrachtet. Zudem erfolgt eine Analyse zum kumulier-ten Energieaufwand (KEA) fossiler und nuklearer Energieträger.\rIn den Ergebnissen stellt sich die Infrastruktur als maßgeblicher Faktor für den ökologischen Aufwand heraus. Zudem spielt insbesondere im Mischsystem die zusätzlichen Aufwendungen auf der Kläranla-ge eine große Rolle. Der Aufwand für den Betrieb und die Wartung der Maßnahmen hingegen ist vergleichsweise gering. Im Trennsystem besitzen der Retentionsbodenfilter und der Lamellenab-scheider die geringsten negativen Umweltauswirkungen. Der Bau von Regenklärbecken geht diesbe-züglich mit weitaus höheren Auswirkungen einher. Im Mischsystem sind die Maßnahmen der Stau-raumaktivierung mit geringeren Umweltauswirkungen behaftet, als die Maßnahmen zum Bau neuer Speichervolumina." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Master-Thesis" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1882960229/Masterarbeit_DEhrenreich.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "753" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "753" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chen, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Börnick, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cai, Q. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ringe, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Timm, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mesek, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wie zuverlässig sind Kanalalterungsmodelle?" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts SEMA ist die Prognosequalität eines Alterungsmodells anhand der TV-Inspektionsdaten der Stadt Braunschweig geprüft worden. Die Qualität der Prognose wurde auf der Grundlage einer Probe von 35.826 Inspektionen bewertet. Die Inspektionen wurden mittels eines substanzbasierten Modells klassifiziert. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde das statistische Modell KANEW-Z angewandt, um die Kanalalterung zu simulieren. Der Vergleich der Inspektions- mit den Simulationsergebnissen zeigt, dass das Modell in der Lage ist, die Zustandsverteilung des Systems ziemlich genau wiederzugeben. Die Ergebnisse sind auch ermutigend auf individueller Haltungsebene. Im Allgemeinen zeigt das Alterungsmodell viel bessere Ergebnisse als ein einfaches lineares Alterungsmodell. Schlussfolgernd unterstreichen die Ergebnisse das Interesse und den potentiellen Nutzen der Anwendung von Alterungsmodellen zur Unterstützung von Asset-Management-Strategien." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://4002561504/Caradot_2015_Wie Zuverlässig sind Kanalalterun.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SEMA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N., " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gruber, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hofer, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Torres, A.´" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pesci, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bertrand-Krajewski, J.L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Influence of local calibration on the quality of on-line wet weather discharge monitoring: feedback from five international case studies" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "71" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "45" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "calibration, CSO, turbidity, uncertainty, UV–VIS spectrometer, water quality" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This paper reports about experiences gathered from five on-line monitoring campaigns in the sewer systems of Berlin (Germany), Graz (Austria), Lyon (France) and Bogota (Colombia) using UV-VIS spectrometers and turbidimeters. The influence of local calibration on the quality of on-line COD measurements of wet weather discharges has been assessed. Results underline the need to establish local calibration functions for both UV-VIS spectrometers and turbidimeters. It is suggested to practitioners to calibrate locally their probes using at least 15-20 samples. However, these samples should be collected over several events and cover most of the natural variability of the measured concentration. For this reason, the use of automatic peristaltic samplers in parallel to on-line monitoring is recommended with short representative sampling campaigns during wet weather discharges. Using reliable calibration functions, COD loads of CSO and storm events can be estimated with a relative uncertainty of approximately 20 %. If no local calibration is established, concentrations and loads are estimated with strong errors questioning the reliability and meaning of the on-line measurement. Similar results have been obtained for TSS measurements." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3706132332/Caradot_2015_Influence of local calibration_WS.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SEMA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.2166/wst.2014.465" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> 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$xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hartmann, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kropp, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ringe, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Denhez, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Timm, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "The influence of data availability on the performance of sewer deterioration modelling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] " 10th International Urban Drainage Modelling Conferenc" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Infrastructure management, sewer condition, deterioration modelling, sensitivity analysis" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "20-23 September 2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mont-Saint-Anne, Quebec, Canada" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This article presents an assessment of the quality of prediction of a Markov-based statistical sewer deterioration model using the extensive CCTV dataset of a German city, Braunschweig. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis has been performed in order to assess the influence of input data availability on model performance. Results indicate that models are able to simulate quite accurately the condition distribution of the network with deviations smaller than 1%. Results also indicate that the performance of deterioration models is quite independent of the amount of CCTV data available to calibrate the model. Even when using very few data (≈3%, i.e. 1000 inspections) to calibrate the model, very good model performance can be obtained." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1964841889/Caradot_2015_UDM.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SEMA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hartmann, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kropp, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ringe, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Denhez, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Timm, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "9-17" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "78" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Organic micropollutant" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Powdered activated carbon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Adsorption" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rapid filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Advanced wastewater treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dosing optimization" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "7/1/" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$isbn #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style[[1]] #> [1] "0043-1354" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Direct addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) to the inlet of a deep bed filter represents an energy- and space-saving option to remove organic micropollutants (OMPs) during advanced wastewater treatment or drinking water purification. In this lab-scale study, continuous dosing, preconditioning a filter with PAC and combinations thereof were investigated as possible dosing modes with respect to OMP adsorption efficiency. Continuous dosing resulted in decreasing effluent concentrations with increasing filter runtime due to adsorption onto accumulating PAC in the filter bed. Approximately constant removal levels were achieved at longer filter runtimes, which were mainly determined by the dose of fresh PAC, rather than the total PAC amount embedded. The highest effluent concentrations were observed during the initial filtration stage. Meanwhile, preconditioning led to complete OMP adsorption at the beginning of filtration and subsequent gradual OMP breakthrough. PAC distribution in the pumice filter was determined by the loss on ignition of PAC and pumice and was shown to be relevant for adsorption efficiency. Preconditioning with turbulent upflow led to a homogenous PAC distribution and improved OMP adsorption significantly. Combining partial preconditioning and continuous dosing led to low initial effluent concentrations, but ultimately achieved concentrations similar to filter runs without preconditioning. Furthermore, a dosing stop prior to the end of filtration was suitable to increase PAC efficiency without affecting overall OMP removals." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135415002225" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.03.031" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "920" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "920" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Thesis" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Alem, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "SIMULATING DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF STORAGE CAPACITY INCREASE TO REDUCE COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS AND FLOODING" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "104" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "Master" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Combined sewer system, combined sewer overflow, storage tanks, surface flooding, InfoWorks CS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "15.08.2015" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Brandenburg University of Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The combined sewer overflow issue in the city of Berlin is becoming an increasing threat to the water quality of the surface water bodies, as the number and volumes of combined sewer overflow (CSO) events occurring per year may be on the rise due to climate variations among other aspects. For this reason, a case study was formulated to investigate the implementation of storage tanks in one of Berlin’s sub catchments, Wilmersdorf, in order to reduce the Occurrence of CSO to a once per year event on average. The investigation was made using InfoWorks Collection system (CS), one dimensional urban planning software used widely for sewer system modelling. The network of the Wilmersdorf catchment (majorly consisting of combined sewers, with small portions of separate rain and separate foul sewers) was modelled with the aid of InfoWorks.\rThe implementation of tanks in the network was divided into two main parts: centralized and decentralized tanks. The centralized tanks addressed the issue of CSO, in order to reduce the CSO occurrence to once per year, firstly by using a short design storms representing a one year return period, to implement initial storage volumes, then this network was validated using rain series records for one year (1990) and for thirty years (1980-2010).\rThe decentralized tanks were implemented at much smaller storage volumes compared to the centralized tanks, in localized locations to solve small surface floods in the separate rain sewer system, or to reduce the pollutant load Biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the CSO, by storing water from the separate foul system in the catchment.\rThe results obtained for the centralized storage tanks show major reductions in CSO, with four centralized tanks implemented in central parts of the catchment. The target of once per year CSO event was achieved for the one year rain series (1990), but not for the thirty years rain series (1980-2010).\rResults for the decentralized storage tanks show reduction of surface flooding for the studied local areas in the catchment, with sometimes a reduction of surface floods also downstream of the targeted areas. On the other hand, the pollutant load (BOD) was reduced by negligible amounts with decentralized tanks at the studied separate foul system locations, with results showing that the overall BOD load reduction in the overflow volume is also accompanied with CSO overall volume reduction." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2777573414/ThesisSubmission_DjAlem.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "684" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "684" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Krause Camilo, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pagotto, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dechesne, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Soyeux, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nitrate reduction in reactive swales at low temperatures: full-size field system vs. technical scale" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA 14th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control (ICWS) " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "reactive swale, nitrate retention, agriculture" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "13-17 October 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Shanghai, China" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Diffuse nitrate (NO3) contamination from intense agriculture adversely impacts freshwater ecosystems, and can also result in nitrate concentrations exceeding limits set in drinking water regulation, when receiving surface waters are used for drinking water production. Implementation of near-natural mitigation zones such as reactive swales or wetlands have been proven to be promising measures to reduce nitrate loads in agricultural drainage waters. However, the behavior of these systems at low temperatures and its dependence on system design is not well known until now. In this study, the behavior of a full scale (length: 45 m) reactive swale treating drainage water of an agricultural watershed in Brittany (France) with high nitrate concentrations in the receiving river, was monitored for one season (6 months). As flow in this field scale system is usually restricted to winter and spring months (December – May), it usually operates at low water temperatures of 5°C - 10°C. Tracer tests revealed shorter than designed retention times due to high inflows and preferential flow in the swale. Results show a correlation between residence time and nitrate reduction with low removal (<10%) at short residence times (<0.1 d), increasing to >25% at residence times >10h (0.4 d). Performance was compared to results of two technical scale reactive swales (length: 8 m) operated for 1.5 years at two different residence times (0.4 and 2.5 days), situated at a test site of the German Federal Environmental Agency (UBA) in Berlin (Germany). Similar nitrate reduction was observed for comparable temperature and residence time, showing that up-scaling is a suitable approach to transfer knowledge gathered from technical scale experiments to field conditions. For the design of new mitigation systems, one recommendation is to investigate carefully expected inflow volumes in advance to ensure a sufficient residence time for effective nitrate reduction at low temperatures." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3008025654/Wicke et al_Paper for ICWS conference_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "AQUISAFE" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "686" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "686" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wicke, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Perillon, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "SUW" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pilot Sites for Mitigation of Diffuse Pollution in Ic Amont Catchment (Brittany)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "78" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Diffuse nitrate (NO3-) contamination from intense agriculture adversely impacts freshwater ecosystems, and can also pose a risk to human health if receiving surface waters are used for drinking water production. Implementation of near-natural mitigation zones such as reactive swales or wetlands have been proven to be promising measures to reduce nitrate loads in agricultural drainage waters. However, the behaviour of these systems at low temperatures and its dependence on system design is not well known until now. In this part of the Aquisafe project, the behaviour of a full scale (length: 45 m) infiltration ditch and two parallel wetlands (surface flow wetland and infiltration wetland) treating drainage water of two agricultural watersheds in Brittany (France) with high nitrate concentrations in the receiving river, were constructed and monitored for 3 flow seasons in 2011, 2012 and 2013 to evaluate field scale performance of these systems. As the flow in both sites is usually restricted to winter and spring months (December – May), systems usually operate at low water temperatures of 5°C - 10°C. Tracer tests revealed shorter than designed retention times (average values for whole flow season 2013: 1.1 h for infiltration ditch, 4.3 h for infiltration wetland and 8.4 h for surface wetland) due to high inflows and preferential flow. This likely is the main reason for observed low average retention of nitrate loads of 1.5-3% during the whole flow season. However, increase of relative nitrate retention to up to 80% during low flow conditions at the end of flow season in May with higher HRT and increasing temperatures show that investigated systems generally work. Results show a stronger correlation between residence time and nitrate reduction for all three systems compared to correlation with temperature. Retention times necessary in existing systems to achieve nitrate retention >30% were 1 day for infiltration ditch and 3 days for wetlands.\rPerformance was compared to results of two technical scale reactive swales (length: 8 m) operated for 1.5 years at two different residence times (0.4 and 2.5 days), situated at a test site of the German Federal Environmental Agency (UBA) in Berlin (Germany). Similar nitrate reduction was observed for comparable temperature and HRT values (during low flow conditions at end of flow season 2013), showing that up-scaling is a suitable approach to transfer knowledge gathered from technical scale experiments to field conditions. 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Abwasser, Düngemittel, Klärschlamm, nasschemische Aufschluss-/Leachingverfahren, thermochemische Verfahren, Phosphataufbereitungsanlage, Phosphor-Recycling, Phosphorrückgewinnung, Klärschlamm, Abwasserbehandlung" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Durch das EU-Forschungsprojekt P-REX soll die Implementierung und Verbreitung\rtechnischer Phosphorrückgewinnungsverfahren vorangetrieben werden. Langfristiges\rZiel ist die EU-weite Umsetzung von effektiver und nachhaltiger Phosphorrückgewinnung\rund Recycling aus dem Abwasserpfad, wobei regionale Bedingungen und Bedarfe\rberücksichtigt werden sollen. Bei den Phosphor-Rückgewinnungsverfahren wird der\rPhosphor in den meisten Fällen mittels chemischer beziehungsweise biologischer\rEliminationstechniken zunächst in eine feste Phase, den Klärschlamm, überführt.\rHierbei kommt es zu einer deutlichen Aufkonzentration des Phosphors. Dies ist für die\rEffizienz einer anschließenden Rückgewinnung entscheidend. Unterschieden werden\rkönnen zunächst Verfahren, die den Phosphor aus dem Klärschlamm zurückgewinnen,\rund Verfahren, die den Phosphor aus der Asche im Anschluss an die Monoverbrennung\rzurückgewinnen. Bei der Rückgewinnung aus Klärschlamm kann zwischen den\rVerfahren mit direkter P-Fällung und den Verfahren mit chemischer Rücklösung und\ranschließender P-Fällung unterschieden werden. Bei der Rückgewinnung aus Klärschlammaschen\rkann zwischen nasschemischen Aufschluss-/Leachingverfahren und\rthermochemischen Verfahren unterschieden werden. 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$xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hydrochemistry and stable isotopes during salinity ingress and refreshment in surface- and groundwater from the Arani-Koratallai (A-K) basin north of Chennai (India)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Earth Sciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Earth Sciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "14" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Check dam recharge" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chennai (India)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cl/Br ratios" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ion exchange" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Seawater intrusion" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stable isotopes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In Chennai (India) public water supply and agriculture depend on groundwater to various extents, but the valuable resource shows increasing salinity over the past decades due to seawater intrusion. This study aims at identifying major hydrogeological processes which lead to salinity ingress in the main aquifer and investigates the effect of MAR structures such as check dams. Regional hydrochemistry is discussed by a combination of stiff diagrams, Cl/Br ratios, ion exchange diagram and stable isotopes (δ18O, δD). The identified hydrogeochemical processes were high saline evolution due to intensive seawater evaporation for commercial salt production and typical ion displacement under refreshening and salinization conditions. Stable isotopes give new insights on (1) mixing processes of different end members (2) occurrence and degree of evaporation in ground- and surface water and (3) isotopical characterisation of groundwater recharge of the region. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Parimala Renganayaki, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schneider, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Elango, L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address` #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address`$style #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Freie Universitaet Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, Berlin, 12249, Germany\rKompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, Cicerostr. 24, Berlin, 10709, Germany\rDepartment of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hydrochemistry and stable isotopes during salinity ingress and refreshment in surface- and groundwater from the Arani-Koratallai (A-K) basin north of Chennai (India)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Earth Sciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Earth Sciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "14" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Check dam recharge" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chennai (India)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cl/Br ratios" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ion exchange" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Seawater intrusion" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stable isotopes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In Chennai (India) public water supply and agriculture depend on groundwater to various extents, but the valuable resource shows increasing salinity over the past decades due to seawater intrusion. This study aims at identifying major hydrogeological processes which lead to salinity ingress in the main aquifer and investigates the effect of MAR structures such as check dams. Regional hydrochemistry is discussed by a combination of stiff diagrams, Cl/Br ratios, ion exchange diagram and stable isotopes (δ18O, δD). The identified hydrogeochemical processes were high saline evolution due to intensive seawater evaporation for commercial salt production and typical ion displacement under refreshening and salinization conditions. Stable isotopes give new insights on (1) mixing processes of different end members (2) occurrence and degree of evaporation in ground- and surface water and (3) isotopical characterisation of groundwater recharge of the region. The identified processes were summarized in a conceptual model of the region. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$notes #> $xml$records$record$notes$style #> $xml$records$record$notes$style[[1]] #> [1] "Export Date: 23 October 2014\rArticle in Press" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2451177791/Sprenger et al 2014_EES.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom3 #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style[[1]] #> [1] "PU" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "925" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "925" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lorenzen, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grunert, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ronghang, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dizer, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Selinka, H. C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Girones, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lopez-Pila, J. M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mittal, A. K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Szewzyk, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address` #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address`$style #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address`$style[[1]] #> [1] "* Free University of Berlin, Malteserstrasse 74-100, Berlin, Germany *Both authors contributed equally.\rUmweltbundesamt (Federal Environmental Agency), Corrensplatz 1, Berlin, Germany E-mail:\rIndian Institute for Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.\rHelios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Schwanenbecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany.\rUniversity of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Removal of indigenous coliphages and enteric viruses during riverbank filtration from highly polluted river water in Delhi (India)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Journal of water and health" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Journal of water and health" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "332-342" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "12" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "coliphages, drinking water, enteric viruses, polluted rivers, riverbank filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Emerging countries frequently afflicted by waterborne diseases require safe and cost-efficient production of drinking water, a task that is becoming more challenging as many rivers carry a high degree of pollution. A study was conducted on the banks of the Yamuna River, Delhi, India, to ascertain if riverbank filtration (RBF) can significantly improve the quality of the highly polluted surface water in terms of virus removal (coliphages, enteric viruses). Human adenoviruses and noroviruses, both present in the Yamuna River in the range of 10(5) genomes/100 mL, were undetectable after 50 m infiltration and approximately 119 days of underground passage. Indigenous somatic coliphages, used as surrogates of human pathogenic viruses, underwent approximately 5 log10 removal after only 3.8 m of RBF. The initial removal after 1 m was 3.3 log10, and the removal between 1 and 2.4 m and between 2.4 and 3.8 m was 0.7 log10 each. RBF is therefore an excellent candidate to improve the water situation in emerging countries with respect to virus removal." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$notes #> $xml$records$record$notes$style #> $xml$records$record$notes$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cited By (since 1996):1\rExport Date: 23 October 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3454367118/Sprenger et al 2014 JWH-D-12-00134.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom3 #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style[[1]] #> [1] "PU" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "735" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "735" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lorenzen, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grunert, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ronghang, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dizer, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Selinka, H. C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Girones, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lopez-Pila, J. M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mittal, A. K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Szewzyk, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address` #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address`$style #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address`$style[[1]] #> [1] "* Free University of Berlin, Malteserstrasse 74-100, Berlin, Germany *Both authors contributed equally.\rUmweltbundesamt (Federal Environmental Agency), Corrensplatz 1, Berlin, Germany E-mail:\rIndian Institute for Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.\rHelios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Schwanenbecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany.\rUniversity of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Removal of indigenous coliphages and enteric viruses during riverbank filtration from highly polluted river water in Delhi (India)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Journal of water and health" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Journal of water and health" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "332-342" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "12" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "coliphages, drinking water, enteric viruses, polluted rivers, riverbank filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Emerging countries frequently afflicted by waterborne diseases require safe and cost-efficient production of drinking water, a task that is becoming more challenging as many rivers carry a high degree of pollution. A study was conducted on the banks of the Yamuna River, Delhi, India, to ascertain if riverbank filtration (RBF) can significantly improve the quality of the highly polluted surface water in terms of virus removal (coliphages, enteric viruses). Human adenoviruses and noroviruses, both present in the Yamuna River in the range of 10(5) genomes/100 mL, were undetectable after 50 m infiltration and approximately 119 days of underground passage. Indigenous somatic coliphages, used as surrogates of human pathogenic viruses, underwent approximately 5 log10 removal after only 3.8 m of RBF. The initial removal after 1 m was 3.3 log10, and the removal between 1 and 2.4 m and between 2.4 and 3.8 m was 0.7 log10 each. RBF is therefore an excellent candidate to improve the water situation in emerging countries with respect to virus removal." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$notes #> $xml$records$record$notes$style #> $xml$records$record$notes$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cited By (since 1996):1\rExport Date: 23 October 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2114453433/Sprenger et al 2014 JWH-D-12-00134.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom3 #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style[[1]] #> [1] "PU" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "651" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "651" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C. 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$xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "23-24 October 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Innsbruck, Austria" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Um einen guten Gewässerschutz zu gewährleisten und die Europäische\rWasserrahmenrichtlinie umzusetzen, sollten stofflich oft unterschätzte\rNiederschlagsabflüsse aus dem Trennsystem behandelt werden. Vor allem\rStraßenabflüsse von stark befahrenen Straßen, Kreuzungen und Abflüsse von viel\rgenutzten Parkplatzflächen weisen eine hohe Schadstoffbelastung auf. Besonders im\rdicht besiedelten urbanen Raum ist eine zentrale Behandlung von Straßenabflüssen\rzum Beispiel mit Retentionsbodenfiltern oder Regenklärbecken mit\rSedimentationswirkung aus Platzgründen nicht immer möglich. Um dennoch\rbehandlungsbedürftiges Niederschlagswasser zu reinigen, stellen dezentrale\rTechnologien eine Alternative dar. Es existieren unterschiedliche Anlagen auf dem\rMarkt, welche auf dem Prinzip der Abscheidung durch Sedimentation, Filtration und\rAdsorption oder auf einer Kombinationen dieser Verfahren basieren.\rAm Fachgebiet Siedlungswasserwirtschaft der TU Berlin wird zur Zeit in enger\rKooperation mit der Ingenieurgesellschaft Prof. Dr. Sieker mbh, dem\rKompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, den Berliner Wasserbetrieben und der Berliner\rStadtreinigung das Projekt „Dezentrale Reinigung von Straßenabflüssen“\rdurchgeführt.\rIm Rahmen des Projekts werden verschiedene Technologien zur dezentralen\rReinigung von Straßenabflüssen im öffentlichen Straßenraum in Berlin (Clayallee)\rsowie auf einem Betriebshof der Berliner Stadtreinigung untersucht. Dazu werden\rbereits vorhandene Schächte im Straßenraum umgerüstet bzw. neu errichtet und um\rzusätzliche Probenahmemöglichkeiten ergänzt und mit automatischen\rMesseinrichtungen ausgerüstet. Ferner erfolgt die Aufnahme betrieblicher Daten..\rParallel dazu wurde ein Teststand im Technikum des Instituts für\rBauingenieurwesen der TU Berlin aufgebaut, an dem die dezentralen Systeme unter\rdefinierten und reproduzierbaren Bedingungen auf ihre hydraulische\rLeistungsfähigkeit und ihr stoffliches Rückhaltevermögen getestet werden." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2891585415/Paper_Aqua_Urbania_2014_DSWT_Sommer_20140927 f.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "DSWT" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schwarzmüller, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Menz, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Weigert, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Verbundprojekt Mikrobielle Verockerung, Teilprojekt 5: \"Untersuchung der Abhängigkeit zwischen dem Auftreten mikrobieller Verockerung und den hydrochemischen und betrieblichen Eigenschaften von Trinkwasserbrunnen\"" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "37" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "30 October 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Im Fokus des Projektes \"Mikrobielle Verockerung in technischen Systemen\" standen neutrophile und acidophile Eisenbakterien, die in Leitungen, Brunnen und an und in Pumpen vorkommen und dort Ablagerungen unlöslicher Eisenverbindungen verursachen. In Brunnen, werden diese Ablagerungsprozesse, die den Zustrom behindern und damit die Brunnenleistung mindern, auch als Brunnenalterung bezeichnet. Nach derzeitigem Stand des Wissens weisen in Deutschland dabei rund 80% der gealterten Brunnen biochemisch induzierte Eisenablagerungen auf (Houben & Treskatis 2002). Die Wiederherstellung der Brunnenleistung im Rahmen von Regenerierungen und präventiven Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen ist ressourcen- und energieintensiv, so dass ein besseres Verständnis der Schlüsselparameter und Lebensbedingungen der Eisenbakterien hilft, den Brunnenbetrieb und die Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen zu optimieren und die Brunnenalterung zu reduzieren.\rDas Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin (KWB) war einer von insgesamt 14 Verbundprojektpartnern in dem interdisziplinären Team aus Wissenschaftlern, Ingenieuren und Technikern. In Teilprojekt 5 standen Probenahmen von Berliner Betriebsbrunnen und das Datenmanagement des Gesamtprojektes im Mittelpunkt der Arbeiten. Inhaltlich knüpften die Felduntersuchungen an das von den Berliner Wasserbetrieben (BWB) initiierte und am KWB koordinierte Forschungsprojekt WELLMA (für 'well management') an.\rWesentliche Aufgabe des KWB war der frühzeitige Transfer der bei den Forschungspartnern erarbeiteten Ergebnisse in die Betriebspraxis bei den Berliner Wasserbetrieben (Teilprojekt 6). Dazu wurden Brunnen und Unterwassermotorpumpen aus der Trinkwassergewinnung der BWB durch die Projektpartner der TU Berlin (Teilprojekte 1a und 1b) hinsichtlich des Vorhandenseins und der Zusammensetzung biochemisch induzierter Eisenablagerungen untersucht. Neben Belagsproben von Pumpen bei Instandhaltungsarbeiten wurden dabei auch tiefenorientierte, zielgerichtete Proben aus dem Innenrohr (Vollrohr und Filterrohr) von Brunnen sowie Ablagerungsproben aus Steig- und Rohwassersammelleitungen entnommen und mikrobiologisch und chemisch untersucht. Eigene Feldarbeiten des KWB umfassten daneben in-situ-Messungen des Redoxpotentials im nahen Umfeld eines Brunnens sowie in-situ-Messungen der Feststofffracht (Trübung) in Abhängigkeit betrieblicher Randbedingungen. Wesentliche Ziele waren die Identifizierung von Schlüsselparametern zum Verständnis der Prozesse der Eisenverockerung und -rücklösung und die Quantifizierung des sich daraus ergebenden Verbesserungspotentials im Betrieb und der Instandhaltung aus dem Bezug der Untersuchungen auf die wasserchemischen, baulichen und betrieblichen Eigenschaften der untersuchten Brunnen.\rIm Ergebnis wurden von März 2012 bis September 2013 Pumpen aus 26 von geplanten 30 Brunnen beprobt. Zu deren Auswertung wurden drei Cluster unterschieden:\r1- Brunnen, bei denen die Pumpen stark eisenverockert waren\r2- Brunnen ohne sichtbare Eisenverockerung, aber mit Biofilmen\r3- Brunnen mit sauberen Pumpen\rDer Abgleich mit im Rahmen von Instandhaltungsarbeiten erfolgten Kamerabefahrungen bestätigte einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Stärke der Verockerung der Pumpe und dem Vorhandensein und der Stärke von Ablagerungen im Filterrohrbereich.\rSchlüsselparameter aus statistisch belastbaren Zusammenhängen zwischen den Eisenbakterien-Gemeinschaften, den chemisch-mineralogischen Ockereigenschaften und den wasserchemischen, baulichen und betrieblichen Parametern konnten jedoch nicht herausgearbeitet werden, da die Diversität der beteiligten Eisenbakterien höher als vermutet war und sich selbst direkt benachbarte Brunnen mit ähnlichen Eigenschaften hinsichtlich der Ocker stark unterschieden. 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$xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3553024466/Scan_Schroeder et al_2014-2.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "715" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "715" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Thesis" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Salvan, L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Modelling of Dynamic and Static Adaptation Measures for Combined Sewer System Optimisation: Case-Study of Wilmersdorf Catchment, Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "89" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "Master" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "15/08/2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The Wilmersdorf Catchment, part of the Berlin combined sewer system, faces severe problems regarding combined sewer overflows (CSO) and flooding which might worsen due to climate change and ongoing urbanisation. Rather than investing in costly adaptations, the goal of this study is to improve the utilisation of the existing storage capacity of the network in order to reduce CSO and flooding. The potential for optimisation was investigated by means of performance criteria (CSO volume, overflow peak and duration, flood volume and duration, number of flooded nodes) defined to assess the severity of CSO and flood events. This study takes a double interest in including dynamic and static adaptive measures to examine on one hand the potential improvement of the real-time control (RTC) strategy, and on the other hand the possible adaptation of existing structures in the network.\rTo investigate these measures, a 1D-hydrodynamic model of the sewer network planned for 2020 was provided within the modelling package InfoWorks CS. The indicators were used to characterise the performance of the status-quo network as well as each implemented measure under a range of design storms. Three successful measures – the increase of a throttle pipe diameter and the elevation of two different overflow crests – were identified to be effective for CSO reduction. On the other hand, adaptations of the RTC strategy did not lead to an improvement of the CSO aspect.\rThe results of the simulations involving individual measures revealed that an optimisation of the network by making minor adjustments is possible. Indeed, CSO volume is almost halved under a 3-month rainfall after one overflow crest was elevated of 80 cm. Furthermore, a combination of the three best measures could reduce CSO volume by almost 60% for the same rainfall intensity. However, even though no significant worsening of flooding occurs, the main limitation of this type of measures is their inability to cope with flooding issues. Additional research should be conducted to complete the preliminary results that constitute this thesis and to fully determine the potential of the catchment, especially regarding the flooding aspect. 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Teilprojekt: Sensitivitätsanalyse zur Modellierung des Stickstoffumsatzes in Fließgewässern und Life Cycle Assessment von Reinigungsverfahren" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "36" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "23.04.2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Das Projekt Nitrolimit hatte das Ziel, sich mit der Stickstofflimitation in Binnengewässern\rzu beschäftigen. Die Frage „Ist Stickstoffreduktion ökologisch sinnvoll und wirtschaftlich\rvertretbar?“ war zu beantworten.\rDas KWB arbeitete als einer der Projektpartner in Nitrolimit an der Modellierung der\rGewässergüte von Flusssystemen am Beispiel der Berliner Stadtspree mittels QSim. Es\rwurde gezeigt, dass das Phytoplanktonwachstum dort derzeit nicht durch Nährstoffe,\rsondern vorwiegend durch Licht limitiert ist. Dennoch kann Phosphor bei einem\rentsprechend niedrigen Nährstoff- und Phytoplankton-Grundniveau zur steuernden\rGröße werden. Damit bestätigt das Modell die Hypothese, dass auch in urbanen, stark\rnährstoffbelasteten Gewässern eine Nährstofflimitation erreicht werden kann. Obwohl\raus der Arbeit keine konkrete Grenzkonzentration abgeleitet werden kann, bedeutet das\rErgebnis für die Praxis, dass bei entsprechenden Gewässern eine bedeutende\rNährstoffreduktion notwendig ist, um einen positiven Effekt auf die Gewässergüte zu\rerreichen.\rBei der Suche nach einer geeigneten Strategie für die Verbesserung des ökologischen\rZustandes eines Gewässers wurde in Nitrolimit am Beispiel der unteren Havel die\rStrategie verfolgt, sowohl ökologische wie auch sozioökonomische Aspekte zu\rberücksichtigen. Wichtige Grundlage dafür waren Informationen zu Kosten und\rWirksamkeit von einzelnen Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der Stickstoffeinträge aus den\rBereichen Landwirtschaft und urbane Systeme. Diese Informationen wurden in Form\reines Maßnahmenkatalogs in einer Datenbank zusammengefasst. Das KWB war hier\rverantwortlich für die Maßnahmen aus dem urbanen Bereich und veröffentlichte diese\rErgebnisse separat als Nitrolimit Diskussionspapier Band 2.\rÜber eine Ökobilanz wurden zudem nicht-monetäre ökologische Auswirkungen von\rweitergehenden Stickstoffeliminierungsverfahren für Großkläranlagen beschrieben.\rDabei wurden alle direkten und indirekten ökologischen Auswirkungen von fünf\rVerfahren auf Großkläranlagen in einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtungsweise untersucht\rund verglichen. So konnten die direkten Effekte der verbesserten Ablaufqualität\rhinsichtlich der N-Fracht den zusätzlichen Aufwendungen durch die vorgelagerten\rProzesse (resultierend aus dem veränderten Strom- und Chemikalienverbrauch und der\rbenötigten Infrastruktur) gegenübergestellt werden. Es zeigte sich, dass die einzelnen\rMaßnahmen bei vergleichbaren Wirkungen auf die N-Fracht sehr unterschiedliche\rzusätzliche Aufwendungen in Energieverbrauch und Treibhausgasemissionen erfordern.\rLetztendlich war es möglich, Szenarien für die Verbesserung des Zustandes der Unteren\rHavel vorzuschlagen und zu analysieren. Es haben dafür mehrfach Gespräche mit den\rStakeholder aus Berlin und Brandenburg (SenStadtUm, BWB, LUGV) stattgefunden, um\rdie Entwicklung der Szenarien abzustimmen. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Joswig, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style 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"normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "23-24 October 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Innsbruck, Austria" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Der Regenwasserabfluss von versiegelten Flächen kann zu erheblichen Beeinträchtigungen von Flüssen und Seen führen. Durch das schnelle Ableiten des Regenwassers bleibt das positive Potenzial für die Stadtbevölkerung und die Umwelt zudem oft ungenutzt. Für eine nachhaltige Regenwasserbewirtschaftung stehen eine Vielzahl von Maßnahmen auf Gebäude-, Quartiers- und Kanaleinzugsgebietsebene zur Verfügung. Im laufenden BMBF-Projekt KURAS werden diese Maßnahmen hinsichtlich Ihrer stadträumlichen, klimatischen, ökologischen und ökonomischen Effekte umfassend untersucht. Daraus werden Empfehlungen für Planer und Behörden für den Umgang mit Regenwasser im städtischen Raum abgeleitet. Beispielhaft für den verfolgten Bewertungsansatz werden im vorliegenden Beitrag Indikatoren vorgestellt, mit denen die Maßnahmeneffekte auf drei ausgewählte Wirkungsbereiche (Biodiversität, Grundwasser und Oberflächengewässer) quantifiziert werden können. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen bereits, wie unterschiedlich Maßnahmen wirken können und wie wichtig die Berücksichtigung lokaler Schutz- und Entwicklungsziele bei der Maßnahmenauswahl ist. Aus der starken Streuung einzelner Bewertungsindikatoren kann zudem ein bedeutender Einfluss von Standortfaktoren und der konkreten Umsetzung einer Maßnahme abgeleitet werden, der bei der Planung ebenfalls berücksichtigt werden sollte." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2982641709/Riechel_et_al_AU_2014_kurzbeitrag.pdf" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2256216708/AquaUrbanica_KurasPoster_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "KURAS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> 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#> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zoschke, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bedeutung oxidativer Prozesse in der Trinkwasseraufbereitung und Abwasserreinigung" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vom Wasser" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vom Wasser" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "03/2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "140" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3632077855/WG_aktuell_03_2014.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "698" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "698" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Philippon, V." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sainz-Garcia, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Alary, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Böhm, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rustler, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "A tool for minimizing the energy demand of drinking water well fields" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water, energy and Climate Conference 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Energy, Groundwater, Modeling, Optimization, Well field" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "21-23 May 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mexico City, Mexico" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In Germany 35% of the total energy consumption in water utilities is due to well pumping (Plath et al., 2010). Therefore, a more efficient abstraction, besides the reduction of the carbon footprint, will lead to economic benefits for the operator. Different strategies exist for energy saving both in the operation of well fields as well as with the use of adapted, energy-efficient technical equipment (pumps, pipes, etc.) (Madsen et al., 2009). The objective of this study is the development and testing of a well field optimization tool, which is based on a hydraulic pipe network model (EPANET) but also takes steady-state well drawdown into account. The optimizer, based on coupling EPANET with the programing language R, simulates automatically the different optimization strategies (e.g. smart well field management, pump renewal) and evaluates their impact on the energy demand. The developed well field model was tested for a case study in France and predicted the measured energy demand with an error of less than 2%. The identified energy saving potential found by the optimizer reaches up to 17% in case of implementing only smart well field management and close to 50% combining the latter option with pump renewal." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2679884733/WEC2014_Paper.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OptiWells" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "673" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "673" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nixdorf, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiedner, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rücker, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grüneberg, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dolman, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schlief, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Becker, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kolzau, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Martienssen, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Böllmann, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kuhn, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fischer, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lindim, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ritz, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Köhler, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Venohr, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mischke, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matranga, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fiedler, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Casper, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kupetz, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style 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attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "7.-12. September 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kuching, Borneo, Malaysia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integrated planning of stormwater management requires a quantitative description of positive and negative effects of possible measures. We suggest quantifying these effects with generic performance indicators within eight categories: building physics and services, landscape quality, urban climate, biodiversity, groundwater, surface water, direct costs and indirect environmental costs. 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$xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "7.-12. September 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kuching, Borneo, Malaysia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integrated planning of stormwater management requires a quantitative description of positive and negative effects of possible measures. We suggest quantifying these effects with generic performance indicators within eight categories: building physics and services, landscape quality, urban climate, biodiversity, groundwater, surface water, direct costs and indirect environmental costs. First results indicate that the defined performance indicators allow an objective pre-selection of measures based on their ability to reach local stormwater management goals. 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$xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0533570931/20140325-P-POT_Bericht_UEP2-11400.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "P-Pot" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "Deutsch" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "692" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "692" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kabbe, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chancen für Phosphorrückgewinnung und -recycling aus dem Abwasserpfad in Europa" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bornimer Agrartechnische Berichte, Heft 86" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bornimer Agrartechnische Berichte, Heft 86" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "12" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phosphorrückgewinnung, Recycling, Barrieren, Marktchancen, Ernährungssicherheit" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$isbn #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISSN 0947-7314" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zum Erzielen guter Erträge in der Landwirtschaft und in Ermangelung\rnennenswerter fossiler Vorkommen müssen alljährlich ca. 1 Million Tonnen mineralisch\rgebundenen Phosphors nach Europa importiert werden. Gleichzeitig werden\rRückgewinnungs- und Recyclingpotentiale dieser lebenswichtigen Ressource nicht\rbzw. wie im Falle des Klärschlamms nur zu einem geringen Anteil genutzt. In den letzten\rJahren wurden zahlreiche technische Verfahren entwickelt, die dazu beitragen sollen,\rden Nährstoff Phosphor alternativ zur umstrittenen Praxis der Klärschlammausbringung\rwieder für die Landwirtschaft verfügbar und nutzbar zu machen. Insbesondere\rpraxisnahe Lösungen haben bereits den Sprung in die großtechnische Umsetzung geschafft\rbzw. stehen kurz davor. Nationale wie internationale Initiativen widmen sich dem\rZusammenbringen von Akteuren aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Wirtschaft, um die Implementierung\rvoranzubringen. Für ein Nährstoffrecycling genügt es nicht, bei der\rNährstoffrückgewinnung aufzuhören.\r\rTo sustain good harvests, about one million tons of mineral phosphorus have\rto be imported to Europe annually, while the potentials to recover and recycle this essential\rresource remain untapped or are just inefficiently used as in the case of sewage\rsludge. In the recent years various technical alternatives to the traditional but disputed\rapplication of sludge in agriculture have been developed to recover the nutrient. Especially\ruser friendly solutions have already made their way to full-scale or at least pilotscale\rapplication. National and international initiatives are dedicated to bridge the gaps\rbetween the relevant sectors of science, policy and industry to finally foster wide-spread\rimplementation of phosphorus recovery and recycling. It is not enough to just recover\rnutrients. To achieve real recycling, the gap between recovery and return of phosphorus\rinto the nutrient cycle needs to be closed. The supply side needs to match with the requirements\rof the demand side." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3940109612/Kabbe 2014 ATB.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "P-REX" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "714" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "714" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jacinthe, P.-A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Smith, A. N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tedesco, L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "SUW" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Efficiency of implemented mitigation systems to control diffuse pollution in agricultural landscapes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "59" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "D 3.1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "IUPUI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The export of agricultural contaminants from agricultural landscapes of the US Midwest has contributed to the impairment of surface waters throughout the Mississippi River Basin and has been linked to various human health concerns. Natural treatment systems (wetlands, bioswales, bioreactors) can capture agricultural runoff and significantly reduce nutrient loading to downstream waters but there is a paucity of data on the effectiveness of these treatment systems to attenuate the suite of pollutants (nutrients and synthetic organics) typically found in agricultural runoff. This understanding is important given that the degradation of different pollutants involves metabolic pathways that often require different redox environments. As part of the Aquisafe-2 project, a bioretention swale comprising two treatment cells (a subsurface cell in series with a surface cell) was monitored, and its performance evaluated over a three-year period (2011 - 2013). Results showed that the bioswale was moderately efficient with regard to nitrate (NO3-; retention range: 16-58 %). N removal averaging 30 % was measured during a series of wetting events during which the bioswale operated at an estimated average hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.97 day. Spatial analysis of the data showed that almost all the NO3- removal occurred in the subsurface cell; however, N removal was also measured in the surface cell under low flow conditions (estimated HRT: 2.5 days). The highest rates of N removal (~ 58 %) were measured when the bioswale stayed wet for several days probably due to the development of a more optimum environment for denitrifying microbes. Nitrate removal capacity was limited by NO3- availability, short retention times during high flows, and the frequent fluctuation between oxic and anoxic conditions, but not by water temperature (8.3-16.6 oC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC; 1.9 - 29.2 mg C L-1). The bioswale performance with regard to soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and atrazine was more variable, with net retention during some periods and net release at other times. The bioswale was a net source of P during most sampling periods with an average SRP release corresponding to 13 % of input, probably due to desorption of water soluble P from the topsoil applied during construction. This interpretation is supported by the progressive decline in P release observed between the first and third year of monitoring. The subsurface and the surface cells contributed almost equally to the fate of P in the bioswale. Likewise, the bioswale was at times a small/moderate sink (13-31 % retention) for atrazine, and a net source (-38 % to -15 %) during periods when the bioswale received overland runoff from the adjacent crop field which bypassed the subsurface cell. Results suggested that competition between atrazine and DOC for sorption sites is a possible mechanism affecting atrazine removal efficiency. Additional work is needed to compare the efficiency of the subsurface and surface cells with regard to atrazine, and elucidate the biogeochemical factors controlling its fate in the bioswale." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1073015803/D3_1_Report IUPUI_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "AQUISAFE" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "687" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "687" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Thesis" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Holsteijn, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Micropollutants in Berlin’s urban rainwater runoff" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "SUW" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "66" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bachelor" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "VHL University of Applied Sciences Wageningen, NL" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "According to the European Water Framework Directive, ‘good ecological and chemical status’ must\rbe achieved for all surface waters by 2015 (European Parliament, 2000). Therefore, it is important to\rextend knowledge on pollutants that run off with urban rainwater. This study has the objective to\rdetermine which micropollutants occur in Berlin’s urban rain water run-off and how the most\rdetrimental pollutants can be managed in a sustainable manner to reduce their impact on receiving\rwaters.\rTo reach these objectives, five catchments with different land use characteristics that together\rrepresent Berlin were selected for the collection of rainwater samples. These catchments consisted\rof New buildings (New), Old buildings (Old), One family homes (Ofh), Commercial buildings (Com)\rand Streets (Str). Actual sampling was done by installing an automated water sampler at each\rlocation, together with a flow measuring device to start the sampler during rain events.\rThe following number of rain events were sampled and analysed; New (n=8), Old (n=7), Ofh (n=6),\rCom (n=11) and Str (n=4). Samples collected during rain events were processed to one volume\rproportional composite sample that represents the entire event. This sample was then analysed on\rthe presence and concentration of micropollutants. With that information, measures where\rdetermined that can be applied for the reduction of pollutant loads.\rMicropollutants from the following groups were found during this study; pesticides / biocides,\rindustrial chemicals, PAH’s, heavy metals, tracers, flame retardants and phthalates.\rFrom these groups, the most detrimental are; Nickel, Diuron, Isoproturon, Cadmium, Lead, PFOA,\rPFOS , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), Nonylphenol, DEHP, Zinc, Copper, TCPP, Mecoprop,\rGlyphosphat, OHBT and Di-iso-decylphthalat.\rTo assess measures for micropollutant reduction, the concept of source-path-threatened object was\rused to identify where pollutants come from and what pathway they follow to which vulnerable\robjects. Possible measures to reduce the load of these substances are banning or substituting the\rpollutant by legislation. Furthermore, vegetation infrastructure, decentralized pre-treatment,\rinfiltration and sedimentation can be applied for reduction of pollutant loads. These measures\rshould be applied in an integrated manner to enhance one another.\rPollutant characteristics -and thus behaviour in the environment- is one of the most relevant criteria\rfor the selection of measures to reduce these substances. The most effective approaches for particle\rand non-particle bound pollutants are end-of-pipe solutions. These consist of sedimentation systems\rfor particle bound, and infiltration structures for non-particle bound micropollutants. Emitting\rsources (e.g. traffic) and paths (e.g. air) that contribute to pollutants in urban rainwater run-off are\rfurther relevant criteria. 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"IAP Interfaces Against Pollution" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "25-28 May 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Leeuwarden, Netherlands" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2458865875/IAP2014_Abstract_Maike_Groeschke.docx" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0692417985/IAP_2014_Maike-Groeschke.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gröschke, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Techical Conference Report FH-DGG 2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tagung der Fachsektion Hydrogeologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 29-31 May 2014, Bayreuth, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> 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$xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technical Conference Report IAP 2014 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IAP Interfaces Against Pollution, 25-28 May 2014, Leeuwarden, Netherlands" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0233932762/Conference report_IAP_2014.docx" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "699" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "699" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fülling, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Klein, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dichtl, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Results of pilot-scale dewatering trials performed in Braunschweig Assessment of various operational factors on centrifugation performances (Project Decamax, Work Package 2)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "31" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "TU Braunschweig" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sludge treatment and disposal is one of the key positions of operating costs in large wastewater\rtreatment plants (WWTPs). On large WWTPs, dewatering of digested sludge is mainly performed\rwith centrifuges. The performance of the centrifuge and thus, the (cost-)efficiency of the whole\rsludge dewatering process, strongly depends on the operating parameters of the centrifuge and\rthe properties/preparation and dosage of the polymer used as flocculation aid.\rThe research project “Decamax” therefore mainly focuses on these aspects and their impact on the\rdewatering result, i.e. mainly the dry solid content of the sludge cake and the quality of the sludge\rliquor. Moreover, the impact of sludge pre-heating on sludge dewatering is assessed, because it is\rknown that the dewatering temperature has a high influence on the process as well. Besides a\rtechnical study (Work Package 3) and full-scale trials at a WWTP in Berlin (WP 1), the project included\rtrials with a 0.4 m³/h pilot-scale centrifugation unit in Braunschweig (Work Package 2). The\rresults of this work package (performed by the Institute of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering,\rTechnische Universität Braunschweig (ISWW)) are summarised in this report.\rBesides the ISWW, the pilot-scale trials were supported and evaluated by the Stadtentwässerung\rBraunschweig (SE|BS), the KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin (KWB) – also responsible for the\roverall project management and control – and Kläranlagenberatung Kopp (KBK). Moreover, the\rDecamax project team and technical committee include the Berliner Wasserbetriebe (BWB) and\rVeolia Wasser.\rThe project is financially supported by Veolia Water and BWB." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2405858640/decamax_WP2_V2.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "DECAMAX" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "697" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "697" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Breuer, L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Exbrayat, J.F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Frede, H.-G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "SUW" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Final Report on the Implementation of a Wetland Module for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "31" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2014" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This report compiles the results of three consecutive work packages that have been worked on during the Aquisafe II project. The approach developed is based on the previous Aquisafe I project where the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used as an analytical instrument to develop mitigation strategies for N loads and concentrations in the Ic catchment. During Aquisage I we concluded that SWAT should include a wetland function with which the effect of artificially, constructed wetlands on solute N fluxes can be evaluated.\rChapter 1 compiles results of an extensive literature review that was made to identify potential wetland routines and processes that can be included in SWAT. The SWAT add-on to be developed should allow to individually test the effect on single wetlands (e.g. in a given hydrological response unit or subcatchment) as well as the effect of multiple wetlands on the landscape scale.\rWe therefore implemented a stand alone version of the new wetland module which is described in Chapter 2. Here we show the general functionality and individual components of the wetland module. The chapter ends with a virtual application of the modules using SWAT outputs copied from the Ic results. Additionally, a Monte Carlo based sensitivity analyses of the wetland module input parameters showed that the denitrification rate seems to be the most constrained parameter for the simulation of N turnover in the new wetland module.\rA full implementation of the new wetland module is described in chapter 3. Here, the structural embedment of the wetland module in the SWAT architecture is described. To proof the functionality of the SWAT wetland module model runs were compared to the stand alone version to make sure that the module was correctly implemented. We conclude that the SWAT wetland extension is ready to be tested in real world catchments. Such a full test of the SWAT wetland model was planned towards the end of Aquisafe II. 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attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "4-6 November 2012" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Amsterdam" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Data play an important role in water-related research. In the field of limnology, monitoring data\rare needed to assess the ecological status of water bodies and understand the bio-geochemical\rprocesses that affect this status. In wastewater management, measured or simulated data are the\rbasis for planning and control of sewer networks. Given the importance of data in water-related\rresearch makes them a valuable resource, which should be handled in an adequate way. Based on\rexperiences in data collection and data processing in water-related research this paper proposes –\rboth from a computer scientist’s and an environmental engineer’s point of view – a set of rules for\rdata handling:\rRule 1: Protect raw data.\rRule 2: Save metadata.\rRule 3: Use databases.\rRule 4: Separate data from processing.\rRule 5: Use programming.\rRule 6: Avoid redundancy.\rRule 7: Be transparent.\rRule 8: Use standards and naming conventions.\rApplying these rules (i) increases the quality of data and results, (ii) allows to prepare data for\rlong-term usage and make data accessible to different people, (iii) makes data processing\rtransparent and results reproducible, and (iv) saves – at least in the long run – time and effort.\rWith this contribution the authors would like to start a discussion about best data handling\rpractices and present a first checklist of data handling and data processing for practitioners and\rresearchers working in the water sector." #> #> 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$xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "The evaluation of rainfall influence on CSO characteristics: the Berlin case study" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science and Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science and Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages 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"default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2013" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "7.11.2013" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The present study aims to explore the relationship between rainfall variables and water quality/quantity characteristics of combined sewer overflows (CSO), by the use of multivariate statistical methods and online measurements at a principal CSO outlet in Berlin (Germany). Canonical correlation results showed that the maximum and average rainfall intensities are the most influential variables to describe CSO water quantity and pollutant loads whereas the duration of the rainfall event and the rain depth seem to be the most influential variables to describe CSO pollutant concentrations. The analysis of Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models confirms the findings of the canonical correlation and highlights three main influences of rainfall on CSO characteristics: (i) CSO water quantity characteristics are mainly influenced by the maximal rainfall intensities, (ii) CSO pollutants concentrations were found to be mostly associated with duration of the rainfall and (iii) pollutants loads seemed to be principally influenced by dry weather duration before the rainfall event. The prediction quality of PLS models is rather low (R² < 0.6) but results can be useful to explore qualitatively the influence of rainfall on CSO characteristics." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Conference Paper: 7th International Conference on Sewer Processes & Networks, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 28-30 August2013" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0292106268/Paper_journal_WST2013_Caradot.pdf" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "28-30 August2013." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sheffield, United Kingdom" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In order to efficiently tackle odour problems from sewers which are connected with\rresident’s complaints and health risks, reliable online odour monitoring is necessary. Multi-gas\rsensor systems (electronic noses), which display a broad range of odorants, may substitute\rcommon online odour monitoring devices in the future. Four electronic noses with different\rconfigurations were tested over a period of 8 months at a sewer research plant of Berliner\rWasserbetriebe. The objective was to analyse the applicability of four electronic noses for sewer\rodour management. 11 evaluation criteria were defined to evaluate the E-noses measurement\rbehaviour, stability and their general practicability and handling. Generally it can be mentioned\rthat the results are promising and the E-noses show good potentials. The E-noses which showed\rgood results in predicting the odour concentration at the site have lack of some practical features.\rWhereas the systems which provide more possibilities (e.g. remote control, direct odour display)\rand have more complex gas preparation or measurements modes (like thermal desorption) showed\rlower capabilities to measure the actual odour at the site." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0831797502/SPN7_Paper_Rouault et al_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ODOCO-Artnose" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language 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Results indicate that UV-VIS spectrometers are not able to provide reliable measurements of water quality in urban stormwater without being calibrated to local conditions with laboratory analyses of water samples. The use of the global calibration (supplied by the manufacturer) led to errors of at least 30% and 45% for CSO load and river concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. Even with reliable local calibration, COD loads contained significant uncertainties close to 20%. Uncertainties in COD load and concentration decrease below 30% if more than 15-20 samples (i.e. 3-4 stormwater events) are sampled for local calibration. The effort and associated sampling costs to gain more than 15-20 samples are much less effective, since load and concentration uncertainties remain relatively stable with an increasing number of samples used for the calibration. The presented analysis aims at supporting practitioners in the planning, operation and calibration of UV-VIS spectrometer probes." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Conference Paper: International Conference on Sewer Processes & Networks, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 28-30 August2013" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1077422315/Paper_journal_WPT2013_Caradot.pdf" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kropp, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schmidt, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sewer deterioration modeling for asset management strategies" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "21st European Junior Scientist Workshop for Sewer Asset Management" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> 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attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "EXTENDED ABSTRACT\r\rRecent infrastructure studies underline the general deterioration of sewer systems and the risk reversing public health, environment and increasing costs (ASCE, 2009). Aging pipes have not been inspected, replaced or rehabilitated rapidly enough to prevent sewer deterioration and increasing system failures (Tuccillo et al., 2010). According to a need survey conducted by EPA (2008), total funding needs for replacement, rehabilitation and expansion of existing collection systems for a 20 year period in the USA is 82.7 billions $, i.e. 28% of the total need of public agencies for wastewater treatment and collection. In the last 30 years, most municipalities have invested in sewer system expansion and treatment plant upgrade but a relatively small component has been allocated to the improvement of sewer system condition." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2892685862/Abstract_EJSW2013_Delpth_Caradot.doc" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SEMA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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#> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kropp, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schmidt, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ringe, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Denhez, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hartmann, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sewer deterioration modeling for asset management strategies – state-of-the-art and perspectives" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th IWA Leading Edge Strategic Asset Management Conference" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "11" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2013" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "9-12 September 2013" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sydney, Australia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Asset management is an increasing concern for wastewater utilities and municipalities. Sewer deterioration models have been developed by research and municipalities to support the definition of cost-effective inspection and rehabilitation strategies. However, the acceptance of deterioration models among sewer operators and decision makers still raise considerable challenges. This article presents the state of the art of condition classification and sewer deterioration modeling and discusses key issues for the future development of deterioration models. Research is needed (i) to identify the most appropriate approaches for condition classification and deterioration modeling and (ii) to conclude clearly about their quality of prediction. Due to the high costs associated with CCTV inspection and data collection, the influence of input data on modeling quality and the optimal input data requirement are still to be evaluated. The ongoing project SEMA aims precisely to assess the suitability of models to simulate sewer deterioration. Objectives and strategy are shortly presented at the end of the article." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0698781026/Paper_LESAM2013_Caradot.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SEMA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "570" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "570" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowsky-Reusing, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "v. Seggern, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "The use of continuous sewer and river monitoring data for CSO characterization and impact assessment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "NOVATECH 2013" #> #> attr(,"face") 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$xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI D 2.2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2013" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This report aims at documenting the scientific evidence at 4 managed aquifer recharge (MAR) sites in India after 18 months duration of the EU (European Union) funded project SAPH PANI. 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$xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Documentation of acquired data and conceptual model of MAR impact input for WP5 modelling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "126" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI D 2.2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2013" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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The site investigations include compilation of previously existing data, a wide range of field experiments, surface-/groundwater and sediment sampling, data analysis, interpretation and the development of (preliminary) conceptual models. The MAR sites are realised under a wide range of geological and hydrological conditions and the covered aspects can be summarised as:..." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$label #> $xml$records$record$label$style #> $xml$records$record$label$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1186991362/D2.2_Documentation_of_acquired_data_and_concep.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom3 #> 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Diversification of water supplies 20\r3.1.2 Drought vulnerability assessment and modelling 21\r3.1.3 Drought management plans 22\r3.1.4 Sea-level rise vulnerability assessments 23\r3.1.5 Barriers to sea water intrusion in aquifers 24\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style[[1]] #> [1] "3.2 Flood mitigation 25\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style[[1]] #> [1] "3.2.1 Vulnerability to heavy rainfall and sea-level rise assessments 25\r3.2.2 Prevention of sewer flooding (-> WSUD) 26\r3.2.3 Urban flood defences (-> WSUD) 27\r3.2.4 SuDS – Decentralised rainwater infiltration and evaporation solutions (-> WSUD) 29\r3.2.5 Flood resilient constructions (-> WSUD) 31\r3.2.6 Dual use of park and green fields 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schwarzböck, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`subsidiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Surface Waters" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Market Review on Available Instruments for Odour Measurement" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> 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$xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Continuous and quasi-continuous odour monitoring solutions have the potential to\rprovide essential tools to support the whole odour control procedure in sewer networks.\rHence, there is a need for continuous measurement and supervision of odour emissions\rwith technical measurement systems. Objective of this investigation is the identification\rof instruments on the market which have the potential to be applied for odour monitoring\rfrom wastewater collection systems or wastewater treatment works.\rGenerally one can distinguish between following methods of odour measurement:\r• Sensory methods:\rMeasurement of odour concentration by olfactometry (evaluation by\rhuman noses)\r• Analytical methods:\ra. Selected sensors: Measurement of specific single odorants or surrogate\rparameters (e.g. H2S-measurement)\rb. Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, optical sensors: Measurement\ror quantification of a spectrum of several gas components\rc. Multigas-sensor arrays: Measurement of overall odour parameters by\rmeans of unspecific, broadband multigas-sensor arrays\rOnly the mentioned analytical methods provide the possibility of continuous\rmeasurements. They however do not all consider the sensory component of odour\r(perceived effect).\rWithin this report methods b. and c. will be covered. The report provides an introduction\rto the principle of measurement, briefly discussing examples of sampling methods and\rdata analysis methods and gives lists of collected odour monitoring systems, tabulary\rproviding specifications from literature, manufactures and vendors." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://D1_2_Artnose_ MarketReviewSensors_FINAL-0537339904/D1_2_Artnose_ MarketReviewSensors_FINAL.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ODOCO-Artnose" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "525" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "525" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schulz, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Godehardt, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Boulestreau, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ernst, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Miehe, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "On-line submicron particle analysis for the assessment of fouling potential in tertiary membrane filtration." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Specialist Conference on Particle Separation. 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#> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The EU-funded R&D project DEMEAU addresses the fate of emerging pollutants in water and waste water treatment, e.g. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR). For MAR the objectives are to mobilize existing experience from different European study sites and to develop a systematic approach for the authorization of new recharge schemes in compliance with the European water and groundwater directives. The activities will cover the issue of infiltrating and injecting treated wastewater as well as developing guidance on optimum design and operation of infiltration facilities.\rIn order to demonstrate the effects of typical existing European MAR systems onto groundwater availability and groundwater quality with specific focus on trace organics, a comprehensive relational database (catalogue) on European MAR systems was created to ensure efficient management of available data. By means of the built-in user forms, queries, and reports, database users are enabled to not only view and enter records but also to quickly process the data to extract needed information.\rIn total, 59 different parameters were selected in order to describe about 270 documented MAR sites in 23 countries in Europe. These parameters were then divided up into four main groups (general information, technical data, hydrogeological parameters and monitoring activities) plus references. The database was created using standard software (MS ACCESS) and references were managed by open source software (JABREF).\rThe compiled data on European MAR sites was taken from a variety of different source types, including scientific articles, books, PhD, diploma and master's theses, presentations, technical documents, reports from previous national and EU research projects, personal communication with specialists, operators and water authorities, community and operator websites, newspaper articles, and Google Earth (for geographic coordinates to create overview maps).\rOn the basis of this database a classification system for the MAR sites found in Europe will be developed that can be used for deriving site-specific pre-requisites and design criteria as guidance for the authorization of for new sites." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$label #> $xml$records$record$label$style #> 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#> [1] "Schreiber, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hannappel, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Reger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rejman-Rasinska, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, Christoph" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Catalogue of European MAR applications" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "38" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "DEMEAU D11.1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2012" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The EU-funded R&D project DEMEAU addresses the fate of emerging pollutants in water and waste water treatment, e.g. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR). For MAR the objectives are to mobilize existing experience from different European study sites and to develop a systematic approach for the authorization of new recharge schemes in compliance with the European water and groundwater directives. The activities will cover the issue of infiltrating and injecting treated wastewater as well as developing guidance on optimum design and operation of infiltration facilities.\rIn order to demonstrate the effects of typical existing European MAR systems onto groundwater availability and groundwater quality with specific focus on trace organics, a comprehensive relational database (catalogue) on European MAR systems was created to ensure efficient management of available data. By means of the built-in user forms, queries, and reports, database users are enabled to not only view and enter records but also to quickly process the data to extract needed information.\rIn total, 59 different parameters were selected in order to describe about 270 documented MAR sites in 23 countries in Europe. These parameters were then divided up into four main groups (general information, technical data, hydrogeological parameters and monitoring activities) plus references. The database was created using standard software (MS ACCESS) and references were managed by open source software (JABREF).\rThe compiled data on European MAR sites was taken from a variety of different source types, including scientific articles, books, PhD, diploma and master's theses, presentations, technical documents, reports from previous national and EU research projects, personal communication with specialists, operators and water authorities, community and operator websites, newspaper articles, and Google Earth (for geographic coordinates to create overview maps).\rOn the basis of this database a classification system for the MAR sites found in Europe will be developed that can be used for deriving site-specific pre-requisites and design criteria as guidance for the authorization of for new sites." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$label #> $xml$records$record$label$style #> 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#> [1] "Schermann, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Advanced Wastewater Treatment Through the Combination of Flocculation, Microsieve Filtration and UV-Disinfection." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Engineering" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "95" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Scheibler, F. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hannappel, S. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Reger, C. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rejman-Rasinska, E. 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Combined sewer overflows" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "dissolved oxygen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "impact assessment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "model validation" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Leipzig" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In the city of Berlin combined sewer overflows (CSO) can lead to severe\rdepressions in dissolved oxygen (DO) of receiving urban rivers and hence to acute\rstress for the local fish fauna. To quantify CSO impacts and optimize sewer\rmanagement strategies, a model-based planning instrument has been developed.\rIt couples the urban drainage model InfoWorks CS which simulates hydraulics and\rpollutant transport in the sewer with the river water quality model QSim which\rsimulates hydraulics, mass transport and various biogeochemical processes in the\rreceiving water body. To identify simulated CSO impacts, concentration-durationfrequency-\rthresholds for DO are applied to river model results via an impact\rassessment tool. Two kinds of impacts are distinguished: i) suboptimal conditions\rand ii) critical conditions for which acute fish kills are possible. In the case of Berlin,\rsuboptimal conditions are observed on up to 92 days per year, predominantly\rduring periods of low discharge and high temperatures whereas critical conditions\ronly occur after CSO. For model calibration and validation, continuous\rmeasurements in both river and sewer are used. First simulations show good\raccordance between simulated and measured DO concentration in the river with\rNash-Sutcliffe efficiencies between 0.70 and 0.79 for an eight-month time period at\rthree different river monitoring points. However, to assure satisfactory model\rperformance for adverse DO conditions in particular, impact assessment results for\rmeasured and simulated data are compared. Regarding suboptimal DO conditions\rsimulated and measured data show good agreement. Nevertheless model\rrepresentation for critical conditions is poor for some river sections and requires\rfurther improvement for CSO conditions. 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$xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "490" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Remy, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" 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$xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "bluefacts" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "124-132" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2012" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Previously, the analysis of energy demand for\rwastewater treatment was often limited to\rone-dimensional analyses of electricity demand.\rHow ever, a comprehensive analysis requires the\rinclusion of all different contributions to energy\rdemand. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology\rdefined in ISO 14040/44 is a suitable\rtool for this task. 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It is led by industries in collaboration with academics, research organisations\rand water users to help structure the European Research Area and identify R&D needs for the water\rsector. In December 2008, the board of the WssTP identified the need to create a Task Force on\rClimate Change in order to build a working group focused on the issue and able to assist the EU\rCommission in the related Calls for Projects. The Task Force on Climate Change did a review on the\rresearch and technology development (RTD) needs related to each of the WssTP topics, highlighting\rthe challenges they will face in a climate change context. This paper is based on the review carried\rout and presents its main conclusions. The RTD topics identified involve a broad range of expertise\rareas and can be divided into two main groups: mitigation and adaptation. 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#> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rajagopaul, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Operation of gravity-driven ultrafiltration prototype for decentralised water supply" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Desalination and Water Treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Desalination and Water Treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "125-130" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "42" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ultrafi ltration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Low-energy" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Decentralised water supply" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Small-scale system (SSS)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gravity-driven" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Drinking water" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2012" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "April" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The study aims at assessing in long-term trials a gravity-driven ultrafi ltration pilot plant designed\rfor a capacity of 5 m3 d−1. The unit was operated in South Africa with Ogunjini surface water and\rwas run with restricted chemical intervention or maintenance (no backfl ush, no aeration, no\rcrossfl ow and no chemical). Under South African environmental conditions and with direct fi ltration\rof the river water and only one manual drainage of the membrane reactor every weekday,\rthe unit could fulfi l the design specifi cation in terms of water production (5 m3 d−1) as long as the\rturbidity of the raw water remained in a reasonable level (up to 160 NTU), with a fi ltration fl ux\rtypically 4–6 l h m−2 (corrected at 20°C). This value was in the same range as the lab results and\rwas consistent with the fi rst phase results (around 5–7 l h−1 m−2 after biosand fi ltration). However,\rthe fl ux dropped signifi cantly to a range of 2–4 l h−1 m−2 after a rain event resulting in a turbidity\rpeak over several days up to >600 NTU. This demonstrated that for variable raw water types\rwith expected turbidity peaks above 100 NTU, a pre-treatment would be required for the system\r(biosand fi lter or other). The performance of microbiological tests confi rmed the integrity of the\rmembrane and the ability of the system to achieve advanced disinfection." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://125_8062-1428136705/125_8062.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "TECHNEAU 2.5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10/5004/dwt.2012.2468" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "952" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "952" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ahmed, Shakeel" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Boisson, Alexandre" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Brand, Jeremias " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kumar Chadha, Devinder " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "C. Ghosh, Narayan" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, Gesche " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kumar, Sumant" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lakshmanan, Elango " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nättorp, Anders " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, Christoph " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] " Wintgens, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Report on existing MAR practice and experience in India, especially in Chennai, Maheshwaram, Raipur" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`alt-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`alt-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`alt-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Enhancement of natural water systems and treatment methods for safe and sustainable water supply in India" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "85" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI D 2.1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2012" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Groundwater exploitation in India has increased rapidly over the last 50 years as reflected by the growth of the number of groundwater abstraction structures (from 3.9 million in 1951 to 18.5 million in 1990) and shallow tube wells (from 3000 in 1951 to 8.5 million in 1990) (Muralidharan, 1998; Singh & Singh, 2002).Today groundwater is the source for more than 85 % of India’s rural domestic water requirements, 50 % of urban water and more than 50 % of irrigation demand. The increase in demand in the last 50 years has led to declining water tables in many parts of the country. For example, 15% of the assessment units (Blocks/Mandals/Talukas) have groundwater extraction in excess of the net annual recharge (Central Ground Water Board, 2007). According to Rodell et al. (2009), the extent of groundwater depletion between 2002 and 2008 was 109 km3, which is about half the capacity of India’s total surface-water reservoirs." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$label #> $xml$records$record$label$style #> $xml$records$record$label$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3937375269/D_2.1_Report_on_existing_MAR_practice_and_expe.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom3 #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style[[1]] #> [1] "PU" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "737" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "737" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ahmed, Shakeel" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Boisson, Alexandre" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Brand, Jeremias " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kumar Chadha, Devinder " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "C. Ghosh, Narayan" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, Gesche " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kumar, Sumant" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lakshmanan, Elango " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nättorp, Anders " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, Christoph " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] " Wintgens, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Report on existing MAR practice and experience in India, especially in Chennai, Maheshwaram, Raipur" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`alt-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`alt-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`alt-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Enhancement of natural water systems and treatment methods for safe and sustainable water supply in India" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "85" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI D 2.1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2012" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Groundwater exploitation in India has increased rapidly over the last 50 years as reflected by the growth of the number of groundwater abstraction structures (from 3.9 million in 1951 to 18.5 million in 1990) and shallow tube wells (from 3000 in 1951 to 8.5 million in 1990) (Muralidharan, 1998; Singh & Singh, 2002).Today groundwater is the source for more than 85 % of India’s rural domestic water requirements, 50 % of urban water and more than 50 % of irrigation demand. The increase in demand in the last 50 years has led to declining water tables in many parts of the country. For example, 15% of the assessment units (Blocks/Mandals/Talukas) have groundwater extraction in excess of the net annual recharge (Central Ground Water Board, 2007). According to Rodell et al. (2009), the extent of groundwater depletion between 2002 and 2008 was 109 km3, which is about half the capacity of India’s total surface-water reservoirs." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$label #> $xml$records$record$label$style #> $xml$records$record$label$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1891698301/D_2.1_Report_on_existing_MAR_practice_and_expe.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Adlakha, L.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ghosh, N.C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grischek, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gröschke, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gulati, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> 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#> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mehrotra, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mittal, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Patwal, P.S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rohilla, R.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ronghang, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sandhu, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Singh, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Voltz, T.J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Database of relevant pollutants in urban areas and their attenuation at RBF sites. 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C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grischek, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gulati, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gröschke, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Patwal, P.S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pettenati, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Picot-Colbeaux, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rohilla, R.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ronghang, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Saini, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sandhu, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Patwal, P.S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pettenati, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Picot-Colbeaux, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rohilla, R.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ronghang, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Saini, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sandhu, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Semwal, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Singh, D.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Voltz, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Database of baseline data for study sites" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "57" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI D 5.1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2012" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chennai is the largest city in South India located in the eastern coastal plains. Water supply to the Chennai city is met by reservoirs and by groundwater. Most of the groundwater is pumped to the city from the well fields located in the Araniyar and Korttalaiyar River (A-K River) catchment north of Chennai." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$label #> $xml$records$record$label$style #> $xml$records$record$label$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://2014418176/D_5.1_Database_of_baseline_data_for_study_site.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom3 #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style[[1]] #> [1] "PU" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "772" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "772" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Adlakha, L.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Boisson, Alexandre" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fischer, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ghosh, Narayan C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grischek, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gulati, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gröschke, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Indwar, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jain, C.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kimothi, P.C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kloppmann, W." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kumar, Sumant" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mittal, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Patwal, P.S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pettenati, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Picot-Colbeaux, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rohilla, R.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ronghang, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Saini, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sandhu, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Semwal, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Singh, D.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Voltz, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Database of baseline data for study sites" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "57" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI D 5.1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2012" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chennai is the largest city in South India located in the eastern coastal plains. Water supply to the Chennai city is met by reservoirs and by groundwater. Most of the groundwater is pumped to the city from the well fields located in the Araniyar and Korttalaiyar River (A-K River) catchment north of Chennai." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$label #> $xml$records$record$label$style #> $xml$records$record$label$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1453085690/D_5.1_Database_of_baseline_data_for_study_site.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Adlakha, L.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Boisson, Alexandre" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fischer, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ghosh, Narayan C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grischek, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gulati, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gröschke, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Indwar, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jain, C.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kimothi, P.C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kloppmann, W." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kumar, Sumant" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mittal, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Patwal, P.S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pettenati, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Picot-Colbeaux, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rohilla, R.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ronghang, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Saini, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sandhu, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Semwal, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Singh, D.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Voltz, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Database of baseline data for study sites - Deliverable 5.1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "57" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI D 5.1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2012" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chennai is the largest city in South India located in the eastern coastal plains. Water supply to the Chennai city is met by reservoirs and by groundwater. Most of the groundwater is pumped to the city from the well fields located in the Araniyar and Korttalaiyar River (A-K River) catchment north of Chennai." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$label #> $xml$records$record$label$style #> $xml$records$record$label$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://0144574779/D_5.1_Database_of_baseline_data_for_study_site.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SAPH PANI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom3 #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style #> $xml$records$record$custom3$style[[1]] #> [1] "PU" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "954" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "954" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Adlakha, L.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Boisson, Alexandre" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fischer, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ghosh, Narayan C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grischek, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gulati, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gröschke, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Indwar, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jain, C.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kimothi, P.C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kloppmann, W." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kumar, Sumant" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mittal, A. K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Patwal, P.S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pettenati, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Picot-Colbeaux, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rohilla, R.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ronghang, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Saini, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sandhu, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Semwal, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Singh, D.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Voltz, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Preliminary models and system design" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "61" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gulati, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gröschke, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Indwar, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jain, C.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kimothi, P.C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kloppmann, W." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kumar, Sumant" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mittal, A. K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Patwal, P.S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pettenati, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Picot-Colbeaux, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rohilla, R.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ronghang, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Saini, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sandhu, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Semwal, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Singh, D.K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Voltz, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Preliminary models and system design" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "61" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kolbe, Tim" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lipsz, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Külberg, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Weyers, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kneissl, Michael" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, Martin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Application of GaN-based ultraviolet-C light emitting diodes - UV LEDs - for water disinfection" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Water Research 45 (2011) 1481-1489" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Water Research 45 (2011) 1481-1489" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "1481-1489" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Disinfection UV light, Light emitting diodes (LED), Water treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "GaN-based ultraviolet-C (UVeC) light emitting diodes (LEDs) are of great interest for water disinfection. They offer significant advantages compared to conventional mercury lamps\rdue to their compact form factor, low power requirements, high efficiency, non-toxicity, and overall robustness. However, despite the significant progress in the performance of\rsemiconductor based UV LEDs that has been achieved in recent years, these devices still suffer from low emission power and relatively short lifetimes. Even the best UV LEDs\rexhibit external quantum efficiencies of only 1e2%.\rThe objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of GaN-based UV LEDs for water disinfection. The investigation included the evaluation of the performance characteristics\rof UV LEDs at different operating conditions as well as the design of a UV LED module in view of the requirements for water treatment applications. Bioanalytical testing was conducted using Bacillus subtilis spores as test organism and UV LED modules with emission wavelengths of 269 nm and 282 nm.\rThe results demonstrate the functionality of the developed UV LED disinfection modules. GaN-based UV LEDs effectively inactivated B. subtilis spores during static and flow-through\rtests applying varying water qualities. The 269 nm LEDs reached a higher level of inactivation than the 282 nm LEDs for the same applied fluence. The lower inactivation achieved\rby the 282 nm LEDs was compensated by their higher photon flux. First flow-through tests indicate a linear correlation between inactivation and fluence, demonstrating a well\rdesigned flow-through reactor. 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$xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "TU Berlin, Dept. Environmental Microbiology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "During WELLMA-DNA, 13 diploma and bachelor theses along with several internships have been completed. A sampling system for biofilm samples as well as a sampling device for water samples have been designed and tested. \rMore than 400 DNA samples of different well sites have been collected and analyzed. Microbiological and molecular methods have been combined to gain a better understanding of the community composition of the ochre forming biofilms inside the wells. Molecular methods included PCR, DGGE, cloning and sequencing. \rDuring the project, the bacterial populations of an unprecedented number of wells have been analyzed and several indicator bacteria for iron-related well clogging have been identified. Alongside iron-oxidizing bacteria, iron-reducing bacteria have been found in the wells and their potential for ochre-solubilization was confirmed. Alongside the molecular experiments, microbiological trials included the isolation of pure cultures, microscopic analysis and physiological tests. The morphology of the encountered iron bacteria could be classified into four different groups, which may have an impact on the rigidity of the biofilms on a macroscopic level. We were able to cultivate several of these indicator organisms, which could play an important role in the formation of ochreous deposits in the Berlin wells. During experiments utilizing microscopic flow cells, differences in growth rate and patterns of these ochre-forming bacteria have been observed. \rFor several of the identified indicator bacteria, primers have been calculated. These primers will allow for the first time to quantify the amount of indicator bacteria in a water sample and to derive operational pointers. \rIn addition, several experiments regarding the effect of hydrogen peroxide on ochre forming biofilms have been conducted and the effect of an additional electron donor (ethanol) on the communities has been tested. For future data acquisition and documentation, a guideline for classifying the degree of pump clogging has been developed. 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This potential lies in (Table 6): \r- the improvement in " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "pump technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", which can yield up to ~5% more efficiency;\r- the improvement in " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "motor technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", which can yield up to ~3% more efficiency, with further improvements if innovations from aboveground motors are adapted;\r- the improvement in " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "performance adaptability" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", which can be very efficient in some cases (~10-50%), but also counterproductive if not adapted to current situation (0% or even efficiency loss), and sometimes not very flexible (impeller trimming);\r- the improvement of the " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "system maintenance " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "and " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "management " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "which may yield up to ~20% more efficiency, and which, in general, has a shorter payback time than performance adaptability options.\r\rThe improvement of equipments may induce only moderate additional costs if it is done at the time of scheduled new investments, after amortization of the equipment formerly in use. Unfortunately, these expected savings are influenced by uncertainties, which can be of the same order of magnitude as the savings themselves. For instance, the determination of the optimal operation point of a pump bears uncertainties between 1% and 4% and grows with pump rotation speed (Gülich 2010). Other considerable saving potentials lie within cleaning, maintenance and smart wellfield operation with short to moderate payback times (Table 6). These potentials are however very site-specific, and difficult to estimate on a general basis. Best practices for a “smart” pumping shall include choosing equipment that fits the actual requirements of the system, operating the pumps nearest of their Best Efficiency Point, and operating the motors in an energy-efficient load range. The most obvious energy savings are those associated with improvements in the efficiency of the motor and of the pump (Shiels 1998). Such gains are often worth the added capital expenditure – although often having moderate to long payback times. However, as underlined by (Kaya, Yagmur et al. 2008), " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "that pumps have high efficiency alone is not enough for a pump system to work in maximum efficiency" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". An improvement of pump technology will yield, even optimistically seen, an efficiency improvement of up to 10%, which is the potential “theoretical limit” (EC 2003). For further improvements, it is necessary to consider solutions that go beyond the pump system, since maximizing efficiency depends not only on a good " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "pump " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "design, but also on a good " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "system " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "design. Even the most efficient pump in a system that has been wrongly designed is going to be inefficient. Moreover, an efficient pump in an inefficient well is pointless. Hence, a " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "global approach " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "of the groundwater abstraction system is required. The optimization potentials " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "highly depend on the site characteristics themselves, on the local demand " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "(what distribution of the demand? what load profile?), and " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "on the operation and maintenance history " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "(e.g., what is the cleaning frequency of the pipes, if any?). Finally, one should not forget the primary objective of water abstraction, which is satisfying a given water demand, thus, the safety of drinking water production prevails over energy efficiency. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://D2-1_Review_pump_efficiency_20111031_final-1841772288/D2-1_Review_pump_efficiency_20111031_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OptiWells-1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowsky-Reusing, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toth, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Different methods of CSO identification in sewer systems and receiving waters" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "12th Intenational Conference on Urban Drainage" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "combined sewer overflow" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "CSO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "identification" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "impact" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "simulation" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11-16 September 2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Porto Alegre, Brazil" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "During periods of heavy rainfall storm sewage volumes can exceed the capacity of combined\rsewer systems and overflow to surface water bodies. Combined sewer overflows (CSO) cause\rsignificant impacts on the water quality and their identification is crucial to plan CSO control\rprograms or to fulfil legal requirements. This paper proposes and demonstrates six different\rmethods to identify the occurrence of CSO based on information on the sewer system alone\r(methods 1 and 2), in combination with rain data (methods 3 and 4) or in combination with\rwater quality data of the receiving surface water (methods 5 and 6). The methods provide\rdifferent information on CSO, from occurrence to pollution load and impacts in receiving\rsurface water. The methods introduced have all been applied to the Berlin urban water\rsystem. Based on these experiences they are compared considering the effort needed for their\rapplication, the required data and the obtained output. It is concluded that certainty of CSO\ridentification can be increased by combining some of the presented methods." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Sonnenberg_ICUD2011_PAP005139-1990969611/Sonnenberg_ICUD2011_PAP005139.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "MIA-CSO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "460" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "460" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Thesis" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Seis, Wolfgang" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dr.-Ing. Robert Ackermann " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dr.-Ing. Christian Remy " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Risk assessment of the wastewater-reuse strategy of Braunschweig concerning impacts on the environment and human health" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fakultät III Prozesswissenschaften - Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz - Fachgebiet Sustainable Engineering " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "145" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Risk assessment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "HACCP concept" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "wastewater reuse" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "01.12.2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technische Universität" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Risk-based management approaches are more and more used in the water sector and are promoted by the WHO. As a first step towards an overall risk-based management approach of the agricultural wastewater reuse concept of Braunschweig this thesis conducts quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) and quantitative chemical risk assessment (QCRA) of heavy metals. Scenarios for microbial risks are conducted for fieldworkers, nearby residents and children ingesting soil using a 1000 trial Monte Carlo Simulation. As a tolerable value of risk an additional disease burden of 1 μDALY is set following the current WHO guidelines. For heavy metals impacts on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as well as on human health are assessed using the methods outlined in the " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "European Union Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (TGD)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". Concerning microbial risks risk-based targets are set in terms of additional required pathogen reduction in the STP Steinhof. Based on the model results an additional reduction of 1.5log units is derived for viruses, for which the highest annual risks of infection per person per year (pppy) is calculated in all scenarios. Concerning heavy metals the model indicates an increasing tendency of soil concentrations over time and identifies Cd as the only metal which is currently of concern. Risk reduction measures should be considered for this metal. Recommendations are given concerning necessary validation and additional monitoring for eliminating uncertainties within the model. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Diploma" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Seis2011_Diplomarbeit_RiskAssessment_Braunschweig-3596099584/Seis2011_Diplomarbeit_RiskAssessment_Braunschweig.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "CoDiGreen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Skirlo, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Waschnewski, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Elektronische Nasen als Tool für Geruchsmanagement in Abwasserkanalisationen – Test und Bewertung von vier Multigas-Sensorsystemen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "12" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "2141" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Multigas-Sensorsysteme, Elektronische Nasen, Geruchsmanagement, Kanalisation, Forschungsanlage, Bewertungsstrategie" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "VDI Wissensforum GmbH, Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kurzfassung\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "bold" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vier verschieden-konfigurierte Multigas-Sensorsysteme (Elektronische Nasen) sind\rGegenstand von Versuchen an einer Kanalforschungsanlage der Berliner Wasserbetriebe.\rDie Systeme werden 6 Monate verschiedenen realitätsnahen Prozessbedingungen\rausgesetzt, um im Anschluss eine Aussage zur Einsetzbarkeit der Systeme auf derzeitigem\rStand der Technik im Geruchsmanagement von Abwasserkanalisationen machen zu\rkönnen. Momentan ist kein Standard zum Test und zur Bewertung von solchen technischen\rMesssystemen unter Praxisbedingungen verfügbar. Daher wurde eine Methode entwickelt,\rdie eine anwendungs- und innovationsorientierte Bewertung zulässt. Bewertungskriterien\rwerden aufgestellt, orientiert an Verfahrenskenngrößen laut DIN EN ISO 9169 [3]. Die\rKriterien werden an das Messkonzept der Elektronischen Nasen, sowie an die\rVersuchsbedingungen angepasst und erweitert. Das Versuchsprogramm ist so konzipiert,\rdass verschiedene Zielanwendungsfälle (wie z. B. die Planung einer Dosierstrategie mit\rgeruchsreduzierenden Additiven) abgedeckt sind.\rDas Vorhaben wird zusammen mit den Berliner Wasserbetrieben und Veolia Wasser sowie\rin Kooperation mit evado-engineering durchgeführt.\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Abstract\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "bold" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Four Multigas-sensor systems (so called Electronic noses) will be tested over a period of 6\rmonths at a sewer research plant of the Berliner Wasserbetriebe. They are exposed to\rdifferent realistic process conditions to further arrive on conclusions on the applicability of\relectronic noses for sewer air management based on current technological status. Currently\rthere is no standard available which describes tests and evaluations for these measuring\rsystems on practical scale. Therefore a method was elaborated which allows for an\rapplication-oriented evaluation. Performance characteristics according to DIN EN ISO 9169\r[3] are used as orientation for the development of evaluation criteria. They are adapted and\rextended to the measuring concept of E-noses and the test boundary conditions. The test\rprogram aims at covering different application fields within sewer odour management (e.g.\rplanning and control of the dosage of odour-reducing additives).\rThe project is conducted together with the Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Veolia Water, and in\rcooperation with evado-engineering." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://20111010_Manuskript_Schwarzboeck_final-3720338957/20111010_Manuskript_Schwarzboeck_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom1 #> $xml$records$record$custom1$style #> $xml$records$record$custom1$style[[1]] #> [1] "VDI-Berichte 2141 “Gerüche in der Umwelt\"" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> 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$xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "449" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schulz, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Godehardt, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Boulestreau, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ernst, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Miehe, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Analysis of nanoparticles in treated domestic wastewater for improved understanding and prevention of membrane fouling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWW Conference Water & Innovation - Water Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "coagulation, membrane fouling, nanoparticles, ozonation, tertiary treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "4 November 2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Amsterdam, The Netherlands" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pre-treatments minimizing membrane fouling are extensively studied, to extend membrane life span and decrease the operating costs. In this study, the effect of several pre-treatment options before tertiary membrane treatment was investigated with a submicron particle counter from Nanosight (UK). This device using the Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis method is able to measure the particle size distribution and the absolute particle concentration of particles between 50 and 1000 nm in secondary effluent. The goal of this study is to enhance the understanding of MF/UF membrane fouling by monitoring the submicron particle fraction in the water. Experiments were carried out at lab-scale. Reliability and reproducibility of the device were determined as well as the impact of the pre-filtration on the measurements. The impact of ozonation (0-15 mg O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "subscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "/L) and/or coagulation (0-12 mg Fe" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3+" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "superscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "/L) on particle size distribution and on the filtration performance was studied on a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane. Results showed a clear relationship between the amount of nanoparticles below 200 nm and the filtration behavior. Lower particle concentrations in this size range resulted in lower flux decline due to reversible fouling. Coagulation and ozonation pre-treatment decreased the particle concentration below 200 nm. The combination of ozonation/coagulation shows synergistic effects and leads to an additional decrease of submicron particle content and further improvement of the filtration performance. Long term impact on hydraulic irreversible fouling still needs to be clarified." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "Times New Roman" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "10" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://20110831_Martin Schulz_IWWpaper_final-1008482048/20110831_Martin Schulz_IWWpaper_final.pdf" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://20111102_Martin Schulz_WaterInnovation-0941387008/20111102_Martin Schulz_WaterInnovation.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] 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[1] "385" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schroeder, Kai" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, Matthias" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, Andreas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, Pascale" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sonnenberg, Hauke" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowsky-Reusing, Erika" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirß, Regina" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Evaluation of effectiveness of combined sewer overflow control measures by operational data" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "63" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "325" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Combined sewer overflow, data analysis, monitoring, rain data, urban drainage" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The effect of combined sewer overflow (CSO) control measures should be validated during operation based on monitoring of CSO activity and subsequent comparison with (legal) requirements. However, most CSO monitoring programs have been started only recently and therefore no long-term data is available for reliable efficiency control. A method is proposed that focuses on rainfall data for evaluating the effectiveness of CSO control measures. It is applicable if a sufficient time-series of rainfall data and a limited set of data on CSO discharges are available. The method is demonstrated for four catchments of the Berlin combined sewer system. The analysis of the 2000–2007 data shows the effect of CSO control measures, such as activation of in-pipe storage capacities within the Berlin system. The catchment, where measures are fully implemented shows less than 40% of the CSO activity of those catchments, where measures have not yet or not yet completely been realised." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Schroeder_2011_Evaluation of effectiveness of CSO control measures by operational data-0764160768/Schroeder_2011_Evaluation of effectiveness of CSO control measures by operational data.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "MIA-CSO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> 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$xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "456" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Scheytt, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Müller, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" 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" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "International Conference on Integrated Water Ressource Management" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Combined sewer overflows" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "decision support" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "modelling, impact assessment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "12-13 October 2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dresden" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In the city of Berlin regular combined sewer overflows (CSO) lead to acute stress of aquatic\rorganisms in the receiving River Spree and its side channels. Of most concern are oxygen\rdepressions, following the inflow of degradable organic matter via ~180 CSO outlets, along a\rriver stretch of 16 km. For the assessment of the severity of these oxygen depressions, an\rexisting impact-based approach suggested by Lammersen (1997) was combined with\rinformation on the local fish fauna. Application of this locally adapted assessment method to\rseven years of oxygen measurements at a CSO hotspot in the river yielded an annual average\rof 14 periods with suboptimal conditions for which adverse effects on the fish fauna are\rexpected and 20 periods with critical conditions for which acute fish kills are possible.\rFurther investigation on rain and sewer management data proved that such critical conditions\ronly occurred as a direct result of CSO events, whereas suboptimal conditions are also\rpossible at dry weather and may last up to 32 days (Riechel et al. 2010)." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Riechel_et_al_PlanningInstrument_ShortPaper-1009804548/Riechel_et_al_PlanningInstrument_ShortPaper.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> 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#> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Waschnewski, Jan " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sustainable sewage treatment plant of the future: Identifying global warming and energy optimization potentials with Life Cycle Assessment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA conference “Cities of the Future: Sustainable urban planning and water management”" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sustainability" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Life Cycle Assessment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "global warming" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "sludge treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "22-25 May 2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stockholm" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This study presents the use of Life Cycle Assessment as a tool to quantify the environmental impacts of processes for wastewater treatment. In a case study, the sludge treatment line of a large sewage treatment plant is analysed in energy demand and the emission of greenhouse gases. Results show that the existing process is positive in energy balance (+166 MJ/PECOD*a) and GHG emissions (+19 kg CO2-eq/PECOD*a) by supplying secondary products such as electricity from biogas production and substituting fossil fuels in incineration. However, disposal routes for stabilised sludge differ considerably in their environmental impacts. In total, LCA proves to be a suitable tool to support future investment decisions with information of environmental relevance on the impact of WWTPs, but also larger urban water systems. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Remy_CitiesOfTheFuture2011-4202920960/Remy_CitiesOfTheFuture2011.pdf" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Remy_CitiesOfTheFuture2011_paper-0193271296/Remy_CitiesOfTheFuture2011_paper.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "CoDiGreen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Remy, Christian" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, Boris" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Siemers, Christoph " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Evaluation and optimisation of the environmental footprint of the Braunschweig sanitation concept with Life Cycle Assessment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "rd" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "superscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] " ReWater symposium" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "20" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "LCA, wastewater, Braunschweig, reuse, environmental footprint" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "21-22 November 2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Braunschweig" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the environmental footprint of the Braunschweig wastewater scheme with Life Cycle Assessment. All relevant inputs and outputs of the system are quantified in a substance flow model and evaluated with a set of environmental indicators for cumulative energy demand, carbon footprint, acidification, eutrophication, and human and ecotoxicity. The analysis shows that energy demand and carbon footprint of the Braunschweig system are to a large extent offset by credits accounted for valuable products such as electricity from biogas production, nutrients and irrigation water. The eutrophication of surface waters via nutrient emissions is reduced in comparison to a conventional system discharging all effluent directly into the river, because some nutrients are diverted to agriculture. For human and ecotoxicity, a close monitoring of pollutant concentrations in soil is recommended to prevent negative effects on human health and ecosystems. Normalised indicators indicate the importance of the primary function of the wastewater system (= protection of surface waters) before optimisation of secondary environmental impacts such as energy demand and carbon footprint. 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towards ecological issues, environmental aspects are becoming key decision criteria for planning of urban water management infrastructure. Simultaneously, the implementation of measures according to the EU Water Framework Directive requires huge investments in the coming years for both upgrading of existing infrastructure and the construction of sewer networks or treatment plants. Among existing tools for environmental impact assessment, LCA offers the most accepted and comprehensive method to support decision makers with information on the environmental profile of new investments or upgrading of existing infrastructure. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bugey, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Périllon, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Julich, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Guégain, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "64" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "4" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "critical source areas, diffuse NO3, pollution, GIS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The present study aimed at developing a universal method for the localization of critical source areas\r(CSAs) of diffuse nitrate (NO3\r ) pollution in rural catchments with low data availability. Based on\rexisting methods, land use, soil, slope, riparian buffer strips and distance to surface waters were\ridentified as the most relevant indicator parameters for diffuse agricultural NO3\r pollution. The five\rparameters were averaged in a GIS-overlay to localize areas with low, medium and high risk of NO3\r \rpollution. A first application of the GIS approach to the Ic catchment in France, showed that identified\rCSAs were in good agreement with results from river monitoring and numerical modelling.\rAdditionally, the GIS approach showed low sensitivity to single parameters, which makes it robust to\rvarying data availability. As a result, the tested GIS-approach provides a promising, easy-to-use CSA\ridentification concept, applicable for a wide range of rural catchments." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Orlikowski_etal_2011_WST_GISMethod-1279070464/Orlikowski_etal_2011_WST_GISMethod.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "AQUISAFE2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "doi: 10.2166/wst.2011.672" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Taute, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Maiwald, Ulrike" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Impact of well operation on iron-related clogging in quarternary aquifers in Berlin, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] " " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "9" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Specialist Groundwater Conference" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "4" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "WellMa2, well operation, well maintenance" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "08-10 September 2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Belgrade" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The capacity of drinking water wells, i.e. the yield for a given drawdown, is often decreasing after a certain time of operation. This effect is called well ageing and is due to different processes related to the geology and hydrochemistry at any given well site and to the construction and operation of these wells. The Hydrogeology workgroup and partners investigate wells in Berlin and France in terms of their ageing behaviour with the aim to determine suitable measures helping to slow down well ageing processes and optimise strategies for well operation and maintenance. A precondition for well clogging by iron incrustations is the mixing of different groundwaters with incompatible chemical properties in the well and/or within aquifer and is induced by combined hydrochemical and microbiological processes. The assessment of (i) formation of reduced/oxidized groundwater layering in the aquifer, (ii) localization of mixing zones and (iii) mixing ratios within the well was done by field and laboratory studies. The research reveals that redox condition in the well and the surrounding aquifer are subject to short to long-termed variations. These variations are caused by operation intervals of the\rwells and by seasonal effects. The results permit a characterization of oxygen enrichment and transport dependent on well operation, location and design and further on an input-output balancing and a modeling of incrustation rates." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Full paper" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Menz_2011_IWA Specialists Belgrade-4021283072/Menz_2011_IWA Specialists Belgrade.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "WellMa2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "448" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "448" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Thesis" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Meinl, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "T. Kühn, R. Gnirß" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ökobilanz und wirtschaftlicher Vergleich verschiedener Phosphoreliminationsverfahren in Kläranlagen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Siedlungswasserwirtschaft" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "94" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dip.-Ing." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phosphorelimination, Bio-P-Verfahren, chemische P-Fällung, P-Rückgewinnung, MAP Rückgewinnung, LCA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phosphorus Elimination, Bio-P Process, chemical P Precipitation, Phosphorus Recycling, MAP Recycling, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "01.11.2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dresden" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technische Universität Dresden" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zum Klärwerk Berlin-Münchehofe, in dem Phosphor mittels chemischer Fällung entfernt wird und\rzum Klärwerk Berlin-Waßmannsdorf, in dem eine Bio-P-Elimination eingesetzt wird, wurden eine\rvergleichende Ökobilanz und ein Wirtschaftlichkeitsvergleich durchgeführt. In die Untersuchung\reinbezogen wurde die Phosphorrückgewinnung mit dem MAP-Verfahren, die im Klärwerk\rWaßmannsdorf zur Anwendung kommt. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, anhand der Referenzsysteme das aus\rökologischer und ökonomischer Sicht vorzuziehende Verfahren der Phosphorentfernung zu\rbestimmen.\rEs wurde eine statische Modellierung der einzelnen Prozesse der betrachteten Klärwerke anhand\reiner großen Datengrundlage durchgeführt. In der Wirkungsabschätzung wurden für verschiedene\rWirkungskategorien wie Treibhauspotential oder Eutrophierungspotential die negativen\rAuswirkungen der Klärwerke auf die Umwelt ermittelt. Außerdem wurden Investitions- und\rBetriebskosten der Klärwerke ermittelt und gegenübergestellt.\rEs zeigt sich, dass das Bio-P-Verfahren in Kombination mit der MAP-Rückgewinnung geringere\rnegative Umweltwirkungen verursacht als das Verfahren der chemischen P-Fällung mit der\rHerstellung konventionellen Mineraldüngers. Es ist für die Umwelt das verträglichere Verfahren. Die\rInvestitionskosten des KW Waßmannsdorf sind höher als die des KW Münchehofe. Die\rBetriebskosten sind vergleichbar.\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Abstract\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "bold" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The waste water treatment plants (WWTP) Berlin-Munchehofe, in which phosphorus is removed via\rchemical precipitation, and Berlin-Wasmannsdorf, using the Bio-P process, have been put to a\rcomparative LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and an economic comparison. Phosphorus recycling with\rthe MAP process, which is applied in Wasmannsdorf, has been included. The aim of this work is to\rdetermine the ecologically and economically advantageous process using the mentioned reference\rsystems.\rA static modeling of the individual processes using a broad data set has been carried out. In life cycle\rimpact assessment (LCIA), environmental impacts in different impact categories (such as global\rwarming potential or eutrophication potential) have been identified. Furthermore, investment costs\rand working costs have been determined and compared.\rAs a result it could be shown that the Bio-P process in combination with MAP recycling provokes less\renvironmental impacts than chemical P precipitation with production of conventional mineral\rfertilizer. Investment costs of WWTP Wasmannsdorf are higher than in WWTP Munchehofe, working\rcosts are comparable." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Diplomarbeit" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://DA_Meinel - LCA der P-Elimination-1065529600/DA_Meinel - LCA der P-Elimination.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "450" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "450" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Riechel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Caradot, N." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ammonia toxicity: Impact assessment of combined sewer overflows on the River Spree in Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "16" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Combined sewer overflows can lead to acute, critical conditions for aquatic organisms in\rreceiving surface waters (Borchardt et al. 2007; FWR 1998; Harremoes et al. 1996;\rKrejci et al. 2004; Lammersen 1997). Based on the river type of the River Spree, CSO\rimpacts of possible concern were identified to be high ammonia (NH3) and low dissolved\roxygen concentrations (DO) (Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung 2001; Leszinski et\ral. 2007). For DO, existing continuous measurements from the River Spree from 2000 to\r2007 were assessed in detail in the KWB report by Riechel (2009). However, Riechel\r(2009) neglected NH3 toxicity assessment, since no continuous NH3 measurements were\ravailable. The present report aims at filling this gap by estimating the potential for toxic\rNH3 concentrations in the River Spree with recent data.\rBased on stormwater impact guidelines for ammonia, critical total ammonium\rconcentrations ([NH4,tot] = [NH4+] + [NH3]) were calculated and compared to continuous\rNH4,tot measurements in the Berlin River Spree. NH4,tot was measured i) at a heavily CSO\rimpacted river stretch (year 2011) and ii) at a monitoring station several kilometres\rdownstream of the combined sewer area (years 2010 and 2011).\rThe analysis led to the following results:\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "136" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " Two years of continuous NH4,tot measurements showed clear increases in NH4,tot\rdue to CSO but no occurrence of critical toxicity levels for cyprinid fish, according\rto Lammersen (1997).\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "136" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " Maximal observed concentration of ~1.3 mg-N-NH4,tot l-1 was ~5 times smaller\rthan the lowest existing threshold, which would need to be exceeded for 24 h to\rbe considered as critical. The observed maximal concentration peak had a\rduration of only 3 h. The threshold, corresponding to the 3 h-duration would be\reven ~8 times higher than the observed ~1.3 mg-N-NH4,tot l-1.\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "136" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " Ammonia toxicity would only be possible if maximal NH4,tot occurred during\rhighest sensitivity of the river due to very high pH > 9. However, it was observed\rthat pH drops significantly during CSO impacts due to low pH in rain water, which\rmakes pH > 9 during CSO very unlikely.\rGiven the results, the risk for ammonia toxicity due to CSO is judged as very low,\rparticularly in comparison with regular problematic DO conditions after CSO events in\rsummer." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://20111223_ammonia_assessment_MIA_CSO-1775995140/20111223_ammonia_assessment_MIA_CSO.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "MIA-CSO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "575" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "575" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Maiwald, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Menz, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Taute, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> 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Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Litz, Norbert" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Weigert, Astrid" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Krause, Björn" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heise, Stefan" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, Gesche" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Comparative studies on the retardation and reduction of glyphosate during subsurface passage" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "3047-3054" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "45" #> #> attr(,"face") #> 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$xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The herbicide Glyphosate was detected in River Havel (Berlin, Germany) in concentrations\rbetween 0.1 and 2 mg/L (single maximum outlier: 5 mg/L). As the river indirectly acts as\rdrinking water source for the city’s 3.4 Mio inhabitants potential risks for drinking water\rproduction needed to be assessed. For this reason laboratory (sorption and degradation\rstudies) and technical scale investigations (bank filtration and slow sand filter experiments)\rwere carried out.\rBatch adsorption experiments with Glyphosate yielded a low KF of 1.89 (1/n ¼ 0.48) for\rconcentrations between 0.1 and 100 mg/L. Degradation experiments at 8 C with oxygen\rlimitation resulted in a decrease of Glyphosate concentrations in the liquid phase probably\rdue to slow adsorption (half life: 30 days).\rDuring technical scale slow sand filter (SSF) experiments Glyphosate attenuation was\r70e80% for constant inlet concentrations of 0.7, 3.5 and 11.6 mg/L, respectively. Relevant\rretardation of Glyphosate breakthrough was observed despite the low adsorption potential\rof the sandy filter substrate and the relatively high flow velocity. The VisualCXTFit model\rwas applied with data from typical Berlin bank filtration sites to extrapolate the results to\ra realistic field setting and yielded sufficient attenuation within a few days of travel time.\rExperiments on an SSF planted with Phragmites australis and an unplanted SSF with\rmainly vertical flow conditions to which Glyphosate was continuously dosed showed that\rin the planted SSF Glyphosate retardation exceeds 54% compared to 14% retardation in the\runplanted SSF. 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A pilot unit including a microsieve with 10 μm mesh size is operated continuously with secondary effluent. By applying a pretreatment of 0.036 – 0.179 mmol/L coagulant and 2 mg/L cationic polymer total phosphorus values below 100 μg/L were easily achieved. Values below 50 μg/L were possible at high metal dosing, but the higher suspended solid load reduced the capacity of the pilot unit. Coagulation with polyalumium chloride (PACl) produced better effluent quality compared to FeCl3 as less suspended solids and less residual coagulant were found in the microsieve effluent. Also the transmission of UV radiation through the water is improved by using PACl. The amount of backwash water was very low (< 3 %). In total, if combined with UV disinfection, microsieving with chemical pretreatment is a viable option for high quality effluent polishing." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Full paper" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Langer_IWA-6865-3139038208/Langer_IWA-6865.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OXERAM 2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Thesis" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Langer, Margarethe" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Prof. Dr. Martin Jekel" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dr. Ulf Miehe" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Optimization of flocculation for advanced phosphorus removal via microsieve filtration " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fakultät III Prozesswissenschaften, Institut für Technischen Umwelschutz, FG Wasserreinhaltung" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "105" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "July 2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technische Universität" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In the future, advanced phosphorus removal will be necessary in many WWTP in order to meet the demands of the European water framework directive. The project OXERAM deals with the comparison of different technologies with regard to their efficiency and applicability in tertiary treatment. In the course of the project membrane and microsieve filtration are tested in pilot scale at the Ruhleben STP. In this thesis the optimization of coagulation and flocculation prior to microsieve filtration for advanced phosphorus removal (< 80 μg/L TP; total phosphorus) was investigated. For the optimization of the coagulation/ flocculation several test series were conducted with the aid of jar test and the mircosieve pilot plant. A direct comparison of jar tests and the pilot plant showed that jar tests are an appropriate method to predict the approximate outcome of optimization steps (e.g. variation of chemical doses) in the pilot plant. \rThe pilot trials were able to demonstrate that the microsieve technology (10 μm pore size) in combination with chemical pre-treatment of 0.036 - 0.179 mmol/L coagulant (Fe or Al) and 2 mg/L cationic polymer could easily achieve good and reliable TP removal. The phosphorus removal was comparable to dual media filtration (< 80 μg/L TP) and partly even to membrane filtration (< 50 μg/L TP). The reduction of the residual coagulant contents in the filtrate was identified as the main challenge of this technology. High iron contents of about 1 mg/L were accompanied by floc formation behind the mircosieve in filtrate tank and pipe. In a microsieve the formed flocs have to endure high shear forces. Thus, the so-called post-flocculation was most probably caused by re-flocculation of floc fragments. \rVery low phosphorus values < 50 μg/L were possible at high metal dosing. But the higher suspended solid load reduced the filtration capacity of the microsieve. Coagulation with polyalumium chloride (PACl) produced better effluent quality compared to FeCl" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "as less suspended solids and less residual coagulant were found in the microsieve effluent. Furthermore, the transmission of UV radiation through the water was improved from 47 up to 66 % by using PACl which is favorable if a downstream UV disinfection is considered. When using FeCl" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "the transmission was not improved or even reduced. Due to the influence on the performance of the microsieve cationic polymers were preferred to anionic polymers. However, the tested anionic polymer proved to be not applicable in the given process configuration due to very low filtrate flows. When cationic polymer was applied the polymer dose had a high impact on the particle removal and moreover on the contents of phosphorus and coagulant residuals in the effluent. In most cases 2 mg/L polymer was necessary. \rIn total, the microsieve technology in combination with chemical pre-treatment is a suitable option for advanced phosphorus removal. Through a dynamic adjustment of the chemical dosing to the influent water quality (e.g. ortho phosphate and turbidity online measurement) and the choice of polymer the process could be optimized in the future with regard to efficient chemical application. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Diploma" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Diplomarbeit_Margarethe_Langer-4078018816/Diplomarbeit_Margarethe_Langer.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OXERAM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Klitzke, Sondra" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Beusch, Christine" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fastner, Jutta" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sorption of the cyanobacterial toxins cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a to sediments" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "45" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "1338" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "OECD guideline 106, Cation bridging, Cation exchange, Ionic strength, River bank filtration, Cyanotoxin, Subsurface passage" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The occurrence of the cyanobacterial toxins anatoxin-a (ATX) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in surface waters has been reported throughout the world. Beside degradation, sorption is an important pathway for toxin elimination if these resources are used for drinking water production via sediment passage. However, to date studies that systematically investigated sorption of these toxins onto sediments are lacking. Therefore, the aim of our work was (i) to determine the adsorption coefficients of ATX and CYN according to the Freundlich and Langmuir model for sediments of various textures and (ii) to derive sorptionrelevant sediment characteristics. We determined sorption parameters in air-dried samples of eight differently textured sediments using batch experiments. Results for both toxins showed best fits with the Langmuir model. Organic C proved to be the main sediment parameter determining CYN sorption. There was no or little CYN sorption on sandy and silty sediments (0e39 mg kg" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "-1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "superscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "), respectively, presumably due to charge repulsion from the negatively charged surfaces. Sorption of ATX (max. sorbent loading ranging from 47 to 656 mg kg" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "-1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "superscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ") was much stronger than that of CYN (max. sorbent loading ranging from 0 to 361 mg kg" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "-1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "superscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ") and predominantly controlled by clay and to a minor degree also by organic C and silt. While ATX sorption to most sediments occurred mainly through cation exchange this mechanism played only a minor role in CYN sorption to organic C. 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#> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Thesis" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Josse, Jim" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dr. Schwarzmueller, Hella" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Determination of the carbonate scaling potential of drinking water abstraction wells from hydrochemical data using hydro-geochemical modelling software PhreeqC" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Génie de l'Environnement, Sol-Eau-Hydrosystémes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "86" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] 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[1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Agrocampus Ouest (Rennes)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The capacity of drinking water abstraction wells, which is the yield for a given drawdown of the water level, is often decreasing after a certain time of operation. This well ageing can be caused in carbonate aquifers by a chemical process : calcite precipitation. Using an hydrogeochemical model developped during the internship, the quantity of precipitated calcite and the time required to fill up the bore are estimated. It is then showed that carbonate precipitation is enhanced by\rchemical and physical parameters (hydrogenocarbonate concentrations, temperature) as well as the operating of the well (pumping and resting)." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Diploma" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Josse_2011_Thesis_PhreeqC carbonates-0448263936/Josse_2011_Thesis_PhreeqC carbonates.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "WellMa2_WP3-4" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "French" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "430" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "430" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hübner, Uwe" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sammet, Julie" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grummt, Tamara" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, Martin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Optimisation of organic compound removal in artificial recharge systems by redox control and enhanced oxidation. Final Report of OXIRED - Phase 2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "46" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technische Universität Berin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Subsurface passage as utilized during bank filtration and artificial groundwater recharge has shown to be\ran effective barrier for multiple substances present in surface waters during drinking water production.\rAdditionally it is widely used as polishing step after wastewater treatment. However, there are limitations\rconcerning the removal of DOC and specific trace organics. The project ”OXIRED“ aims at assessing\rpossibilities to overcome these limitations by combining subsurface passage with oxidation by ozone.\rResults from the first phase of the project have demonstrated that oxidation with ozone is a suitable\rmethod to reduce the concentrations of several relevant trace organic compounds (e.g. carbamazepine,\rsulfamethoxazole) and to significantly enhance biodegradation of DOC during subsequent soil passage. For\refficient removal of DOC in the soil columns, specific ozone consumptions of 0.6 to 0.7 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "mgO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "/DOC" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "0 were\rsufficient.\rProject objectives in OXIRED-2 were to i) verify results from laboratory scale experiments at a larger\rscale with longer retention times, ii) study feasibility under field conditions with seasonal variations by\roperating a pilot unit, iii) evaluate the formation of oxidation by-products and their persistence during\rsubsurface passage and iv) propose a standardized test protocol to analyse benefits of ozonation and artificial\rgroundwater recharge at different sites.\rTo investigate effects of ozonation on groundwater recharge with longer retention times, a technical scale\rcolumn system with a length of 30 m and a hydraulic retention time of approximately six weeks was operated\rat the UBA’s experimental site in Berlin Marienfelde. Pilot studies were conducted at Lake Tegel using\ran ozone unit from ITT-Wedeco with a 4 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "g/h " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "generator and subsequent slow sand filtration. Reduction of\rbromate was assessed in laboratory scale soil columns under different redox conditions. In addition, anoxic\rreduction of bromate was evaluated in a diploma thesis at TU Berlin. To analyse effects of DOC removal\rafter ozonation, a standardized test protocol using recirculating columns was proposed and tested.\rResults from the different experiments confirmed the conclusions of the first phase of the project. Removal\rof surface water DOC during infiltration significantly increased with preozonation. In pilot studies, effluent\rDOC of approximately 4" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "7 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "mg/L " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "after 1 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "d " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "of retention time was measured, which is comparable to residual\rDOC from artificial groundwater recharge in Berlin Tegel after 30 days retention time [1]. In addition, strong\reffects of temperature on DOC removal were observed. During experiments with ozonation, overall DOC\rreduction decreased from approximately 40% in October to about 30% in the end of November. Biological\rtesting of slow sand filter effluent revealed no genotoxic or cytotoxic effects in the water prior to further\rinfiltration into the aquifer.\rMany persistent trace compounds were efficiently transformed during ozonation with specific ozone doses\rof 0" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "8 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "mg O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "/mg DOC" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "0. For example, realistic surface water concentrations of carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole,\rphenazone and bentazone were reduced below the limits of quantification (LOQ).\rPrimidone was only partly transformed during ozonation (70%). Since primidone is persistent during\rinfiltration, a breakthrough in combined ozonation and artificial recharge can be expected. Also the substances\rMTBE and ETBE, the pesticide atrazine and some metabolites detected in Lake Tegel persist\rpartially during treatment with ozone and subsequent groundwater recharge. For efficient transformation of\rthese substances, higher ozone doses or an optimisation of the oxidation process, for example as advanced\roxidation process (AOP), should be considered.\rEfficient reduction of the concentration of adsorbable organic iodine (AOI), an indicator for x-ray contrast\rmedia, during ozonation or infiltration was not observed. In contrast, adsorbable organic bromine decreased\rby 70 − 80 % during ozonation.\rFormation of the oxidation by-product bromate during ozonation of Lake Tegel water with a specific ozone\rconsumption of up to 1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "0 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "mg O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "/mg DOC" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "0 was below the limit of the German drinking water directive.\rRemoval during subsurface passage was observed under anoxic conditions in presence of biodegradable\rorganic carbon. Since artificial recharge after ozonation is likely aerobic, no significant reduction of bromate\rcan be expected. Thus, formation of bromate needs to be controlled during surface water ozonation.\rFormation of nitrosamines was monitored in batch experiments with a specific ozone consumption of up\rto 1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "15 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "mg O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "/mg DOC" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "0. No formation of nitrosamines including NDMA (LOQ: 5 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "ng/L" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ") was observed.\rOperating a preceding bank filtration step will reduce ozone demand for efficient DOC removal. In addition,\rproblems with particles from source water can be minimised. However, additional energy consumption\rfor operation of extraction wells has to be taken into account.\rOverall, the presented results confirm that the objectives of enhanced removal of trace organics and\rDOC by combining ozonation and subsurface passage are well met. Further investigations need to focus on\rseasonal variations in long-term pilot studies and the formation, retention and toxicity of transformation\rproducts." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://OXIRED-2_final-report-1695454208/OXIRED-2_final-report.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OXIRED2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> 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#> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiese, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] " Hülshoff, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> 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$xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "It was the aim of the EU funded research project TECHNEAU to investigate the relevance and feasibility of bank filtration (BF) plus post-treatment for newly industrialised and developing countries. Field studies at BF sites in Delhi (India) were supplemented by literature studies and modelling in order to investigate if this natural drinking water (pre-) treatment is a sustainable option to provide safe drinking water for countries like India. The results showed that especially for those substances that are of relevance in newly industrialised and developing countries subsurface passage can represent an efficient barrier. However, certain limiting factors for BF application also need to be considered: high ammonium levels in surface water, usually associated with high shares of poorly or un-treated sewage, will not be mitigated during subsurface passage and require extensive post-treatment. In order to support decision makers in the difficult task of assessing the feasibility of BF systems at a certain site a simple decision support system was developed. This simple tool enables to assess a range of abstraction rates and well locations for a specific field site that could fit with their needs (e.g. minimum required travel time or share of BF)." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gruetzmacher et al_ 2011_ TECHNEAU Perspectives of River Ba-3107947520/Gruetzmacher et al_ 2011_ TECHNEAU Perspectives of River Bank Filtration for newly industrialised and developing countries.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "TECHNEAU" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> 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#> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Reuleaux, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiese, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "von Seggern, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rouault, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Application of online water quality sensors for integrated CSO impact assessment in Berlin (Gemany)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "12th International Conference on Urban Drainage" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> 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$xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Porto Alegre, Brazil" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "During its passage through the City of Berlin (Germany), the quality of the River Spree is\rstrongly influenced by combined sewer overflows (CSO), which lead to critical oxygen\rconcentrations (DO) every year and to occasional larger fish kills. A continuous integrated\rmonitoring concept, using state-of-the-art online sensors, was planned and started in spring\r2010. It combines (i) continuous measurements of the quality and flow rates of CSO at one\rmain CSO outlet downstream of the overflow structure and (ii) continuous measurements of\rwater quality parameters at five sites within the urban stretch of the receiving River Spree.\rThe first monitoring results show that continuous water quality measurements in CSO outlets\rand at downstream river stations are possible at high accuracy, even for comparably complex\rparameters such as chemical oygen demand (COD). 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hoa, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Peter, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pronk, W." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> 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$xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Desalination and Water Treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Desalination and Water Treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "10" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "ultrafiltration, low-energy, decentralised water supply, small-scale system (SSS)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The study aims at assessing in long-term trials a gravity-driven ultrafiltration pilot plant\rdesigned for a capacity of 5 m3/d. The unit was operated in South Africa with Ogunjini surface\rwater and was run with restricted chemical intervention or maintenance (no backflush, no aeration,\rno crossflow and no chemical). Under South African environmental conditions and with direct\rfiltration of the river water and only one manual drainage of the membrane reactor every weekday,\rthe unit could fulfil the design specification in terms of water production (5 m3/d) as long as the\rturbidity of the raw water remained in a reasonable level (up to 160 NTU), with a filtration flux\rtypically 4 to 6 L/h.m² (corrected at 20°C). This value was in the same range as the lab results and\rwas consistent with the first phase results (around 5-7 L/h.m² after biosand filtration). However,\rthe flux dropped significantly to a range of 2 to 4 L/h.m² after a rain event resulting in a turbidity\rpeak over several days up to > 600 NTU. This demonstrated that for variable raw water types with\rexpected turbidity peaks above 100 NTU, a pre-treatment would be required for the system\r(biosand filter or other). The performance of microbiological tests confirmed the integrity of the\rmembrane and the ability of the system to achieve advanced disinfection." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Boulestreau et al_DWT_8062_20111128-1329041157/Boulestreau et al_DWT_8062_20111128.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "TECHNEAU 2.5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bauer, Rosalie" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dizer, Halim" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Graeber, Ingeborg" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rosenwinkel, Karl-Heinz" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "López-Pila, Juan M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address` #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address`$style #> $xml$records$record$`auth-address`$style[[1]] #> [1] "mlopezpila@yahoo.de" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Removal of bacterial fecal indicators, coliphages and enteric adenoviruses from waters with high fecal pollution by slow sand filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "14" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "45" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "439" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Slow sand filtration, River bank filtration, Coliphages, Enteric adenoviruses" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2011" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The aim of the present study was to estimate the performance of slow sand filtration (SSF) facilities, including the time needed for reaching stabilization (maturation), operated with surface water bearing high fecal contamination, representing realistic conditions of rivers in many emerging countries. Surface water spiked with wastewater was infiltrated at\rdifferent pore water velocities (PWV) and samples were collected at different migration distances. The samples were analyzed for phages and to a lesser extent for fecal bacteria and enteric adenoviruses. At the PWV of 50 cm/d, at which somatic phages showed highest removal, their mean log10 removal after 90 cm migration was 3.2. No substantial differences of removal rates were observed at PWVs between 100 and 900 cm/d (2.3 log10 mean removal). The log10 mean removal of somatic phages was less than the observed for fecal bacteria and tended more towards that of enteric adenoviruses This makes somatic phages a potentially better process indicator than Escherichia coli for the removal of viruses in SSF. We conclude that SSF, and by inference in larger scale river bank filtration (RBF), is an excellent option as a component in multi-barrier systems for drinking water treatment also in areas where the sources of raw water are considerably fecally polluted, as often found in many emerging countries." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://bauer et al. 2011-3380091136/bauer et al. 2011.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.047" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "338" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "338" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiese, Bernd" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, Martin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mechlinsky, Andy" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Orlikowski, Dagmar" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hülshoff, Iris" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, Gesche" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Condition-dependent removal of 38 organic constituents during bank filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Groundwater Quality Management in a Rapidly Changing World" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "4" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "bank filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "removal" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "kinetics" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "trace organic" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "multi-tracer" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "June 13-18, 2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zurich, Switzerland" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Managed aquifer recharge provides efficient removal for many organic water constituents but it is a difficult task to quantify removal under field conditions: Observed concentrations often scatter and may be biased by subsurface mixing of different waters. Removal efficiency is affected by different environmental parameters, such as redox potential, travel times, threshold values, and also field site specifics. In addition, it is crucial to know the corresponding surface water concentration for all samples. We developed a method, which overcomes these difficulties, quantifies the efficiency and removal kinetics and is applicable to extensive databases. It combines both, statistical and graphical evaluation which allows the determination of precise values and also interpretation based on expert knowledge. The database of this study was collected within the NASRI project between 2002 and 2005 at two bank filtration sites (Tegel BF, Wannsee BF) and one basin aquifer recharge site (Tegel AR) in Berlin. In total, 38 organic constituents were analysed (Table 1)." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Wiese_et_al_GQ2010_final-0802515717/Wiese_et_al_GQ2010_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IC NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom7 #> $xml$records$record$custom7$style #> $xml$records$record$custom7$style[[1]] #> [1] "x" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> 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#> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Weyrauch, Philip" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, Andreas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowsky-Reusing, Erika" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The present study examines the contribution of combined sewer overflows (CSO) to loads and concentrations of trace contaminants in receiving surface water. A simple method to assess the ratio of CSO to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents was applied to the urban River Spree in Berlin, Germany. The assessment indicated that annual loads are\rdominated by CSO for substances with removal in WWTP above w95%. Moreover, it showed that substances with high removal in WWTP can lead to concentration peaks in the river during CSO events. The calculated results could be verified based on eight years of monitoring data from the River Spree, collected between 2000 and 2007. Substances that are well removed in WWTP such as NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) were found to occur in significantly increased concentration during CSO, while the concentration of substances that are poorly removable in WWTP such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) decreased in CSO-influenced samples due to dilution effects. The overall results indicate the potential importance of the CSO pathway of well-removable sewage-based trace contaminants to rivers. In particular, high concentrations during CSO events may be relevant for aquatic organisms. Given the results, it is suggested to include well-removable, sewage-based trace contaminants, a substance group often neglected in the past, in future studies on urban rivers in case of combined sewer systems. The presented methodology is suggested for a first assessment, since it is based solely on urban drainage data, which is available in most cities." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Weyrauch_2010_Contribution of combined sewer overflows to trace contaminant loads in urban st-1663616257/Weyrauch_2010_Contribution of combined sewer overflows to trace contaminant loads in urban streams.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "MIA-CSO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "386" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "386" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tedesco, Leonore" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, Andreas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Soyeux, Emanuel" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pagotto, Christelle" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Near Natural Mitigation Zones for Agricultural Runoff Management to Protect Drinking Water Supplies: A French-German-US research collaboration." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "West Lafayette Symposium, USA, 11 - 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The project has several objectives including: \r-\toptimizing system-analytical tools for the planning and implementation of mitigation zones,\r-\tdemonstrating the effectiveness of mitigation zones in international case studies in the US Midwest and Brittany, France, and\r-\tdeveloping recommendations for the implementation of near-natural mitigation zones, which are efficient in attenuating nutrients and selected pesticides. \r\rA series of different types of mitigation systems, including constructed wetlands and reactive trenches are being constructed in 2010 at identified agricultural sites in France and the USA. A preliminary monitoring of a drainage-fed surface flow wetland showed good nitrate retention when water infiltrated or had significant residence times, but no discernable effect during major storm events. As a result, future designs aim at higher reaction times by adapting size of end-of-drainage solutions to expected flows and by developing new mitigation systems for existing drainage ditches. Moreover, reaction rates are improved by forming favourable conditions for underground passage and by addition of organic carbon sources, such as straw or wood chips. Whereas nutrients are the focus for the field sites in France, both nutrients and atrazine are the focus in the US. Reactive trenches are being tested for pesticide retention at laboratory and technical scale at the experimental field of the German Federal Environment Agency. In the latter experiments, Bentazon and Atrazine are used as test substances, given their relevance for European and US surface waters, respectivelyseveral objectives including: \r-\toptimizing system-analytical tools for the planning and implementation of mitigation zones,\r-\tdemonstrating the effectiveness of mitigation zones in international case studies in the US Midwest and Brittany, France, and\r-\tdeveloping recommendations for the implementation of near-natural mitigation zones, which are efficient in attenuating nutrients and selected pesticides. \r\rA series of different types of mitigation systems, including constructed wetlands and reactive trenches are being constructed in 2010 at identified agricultural sites in France and the USA. A preliminary monitoring of a drainage-fed surface flow wetland showed good nitrate retention when water infiltrated or had significant residence times, but no discernable effect during major storm events. As a result, future designs aim at higher reaction times by adapting size of end-of-drainage solutions to expected flows and by developing new mitigation systems for existing drainage ditches. Moreover, reaction rates are improved by forming favourable conditions for underground passage and by addition of organic carbon sources, such as straw or wood chips. Whereas nutrients are the focus for the field sites in France, both nutrients and atrazine are the focus in the US. Reactive trenches are being tested for pesticide retention at laboratory and technical scale at the experimental field of the German Federal Environment Agency. In the latter experiments, Bentazon and Atrazine are used as test substances, given their relevance for European and US surface waters, respectively.\r\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "10" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Aquisafe_West Lafayette v1 [Schreibgeschützt]-1093911041/Aquisafe_West Lafayette v1 [Schreibgeschützt].pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "AQUISAFE2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "322" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "322" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Johan Stüber" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Carsten Lüdicke" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Enhanced Nutrients Removal in Membrane Bioreactor" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "152" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://ENREM final report - 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Because most of the compounds applied in medicine are excreted via urine the\remission into the aquatic environment could be reduced if the urine is separated at the source and treated by a specific process. In the project PharmaTreat it was studied if the reductive treatment with zero-valent iron is a suitable, simple and low cost process for the treatment of urine.\rThe results show that the selected antibiotics (Ciprofloxacine, Piperacillin, Cefuroxime), cytostatic drugs (Ifosfamide and Methotrexate) and iodinated X-ray contrast media (Iopromide and Diatrizoate) are transformed by the treatment with\rzero-valent iron. The reaction rate constant depends highly on the pH. Under acidic conditions the mechanism of the transformation is most probably the reaction with adsorbed atomic hydrogen which is produced on the iron surface.\rThe increase of the pH-value from 3 to 7, which might happen if the solution is discharged into the waste water system, leads to the precipitation of the dissolved iron resulting in a strong removal of the transformation products out of the solution by co-precipitation. The toxicity of the remaining transformation products was determined using the growth inhibition test (DIN 38412-37). It could\rbe demonstrated that the biological impact of the pharmaceuticals is reduced by the transformation with zero-valent iron. By using the Zahn-Wellens-Test (DIN EN ISO 9888) it could be shown that the transformation products are better biodegradable in contrast to the original compounds, except for the iodinated Xraycontrast media. \rThe treatment of one cubic meter urine costs 9.88 Euro. The cost estimation is based on conditions with the lowest material consumption and not on the reaction time. According to the calculated price for on cubic meter the treatment of about 6,525 m" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "urine (the amount of urine produced in all hospitals of Berlin) costs ca. 64,500 Euro/a. By accelerating the reaction the treatment time can be shorten but the specific material consumption is higher whereas the energy costs are lower. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schwarzmüller, Hella" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Taute, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Menz, Christian" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> 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"The Berliner Wasserbetriebe are the largest water supply and wastewater disposal company in Germany. They are challenged to tackle various kinds of odour problems emerging from the sewer network. \rThe continuous extension of sewer networks and a decrease in water consumption (in Berlin: ~ 20 % in the last 16 years, according to the statistical office BB, 2009) have led to elevated odour emissions arising from sewer systems. Together with growing public concern over odours from water treatment works, this has led to increasing numbers of odour complaints in urban catchments (Stuetz and Frechen, 2001; ATV-DVWK-M 154, 2003; Barjenbruch, 2003). \rDifferent odour abatement technologies are widely-used but often response only after consumer complaints and do not consider adequate identification of odour problems beforehand. An operational, together with a scientific approach is necessary in order to apply effective measures or combinations thereof. In Berlin annually almost 3 Mio € are spent by BWB to reduce odour emissions from the Berlin sewer system (BWB, 2006). Applied measures vary from dosing of nitrate or iron hydroxide sludge, flushing, or compensation by means of bio-filters or masking. The quantification of odour by means of continuous odour monitoring solutions such as electronic noses can contribute to minder economic and operational risks in odour management.\rThe paper presents the research project ODOCO-ARTNOSE, dealing with the evaluation of electronic noses for the online application in sewer systems. The KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin (research centre) in cooperation with the Berlin water utilities Berliner Wasserbetriebe and Veolia Water will carry out bench tests with selected, commercially available chemosensor arrays to identify advanced applications of electronic noses in odour management in sewer networks. \rObjectives of the project are to analytically assess the online-ability of electronic noses by means of a multi-criteria methodology and to specify future odour control services based on the application of e-noses in sewer networks. The potential of electronic noses will be evaluated as tool to fulfil certain needs, namely\ro\tSupport for planning/designing of odour preventive measures and abatement strategies.\ro\tSupport for real-time odour control.\ro\tData acquisition tool to supervise and document (industrial) dischargers, document the effect of abatement measures and document legal compliance. \rTests are possible to be carried out in the frame of a sewer research plant or within the sewer system of Berlin. A large-scale research plant was developed by Berliner Wasserbetriebe for investigating different odour and corrosion strategies. The plant consists of 2 independent gravity lines and is fed by combined wastewater from Berlin, pumped directly from the sewer. Various milieu conditions can be generated. \rThe paper places current challenges within the city of Berlin into perspective and displays examples of odour abatement strategies of Berliner Wasserbetriebe. Expected outcomes and correlated benefits of the project will be presented. The methodological approach relies on a transparent selection of chemosensor array systems, on bench tests following a sophisticated measurement program and the evaluation of the electronic noses by clear defined criteria." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$notes #> $xml$records$record$notes$style #> $xml$records$record$notes$style[[1]] #> [1] "also presented as poster" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Abstract_NOSE2010_Final-2386060033/Abstract_NOSE2010_Final.pdf" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] 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[1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chemical Engineering Transactions" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chemical Engineering Transactions" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "odour control" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin sewer systems" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "online measurement" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "large-scale sewer research plant" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> 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They are challenged to tackle various kinds of odour problems emerging from the sewer network. \rThe continuous extension of sewer networks and a decrease in water consumption (in Berlin: ~ 20 % in the last 16 years, according to the statistical office BB, 2009) have led to elevated odour emissions arising from sewer systems. Together with growing public concern over odours from water treatment works, this has led to increasing numbers of odour complaints in urban catchments (Stuetz and Frechen, 2001; ATV-DVWK-M 154, 2003; Barjenbruch, 2003). \rDifferent odour abatement technologies are widely-used but often response only after consumer complaints and do not consider adequate identification of odour problems beforehand. An operational, together with a scientific approach is necessary in order to apply effective measures or combinations thereof. In Berlin annually almost 3 Mio € are spent by BWB to reduce odour emissions from the Berlin sewer system (BWB, 2006). Applied measures vary from dosing of nitrate or iron hydroxide sludge, flushing, or compensation by means of bio-filters or masking. The quantification of odour by means of continuous odour monitoring solutions such as electronic noses can contribute to minder economic and operational risks in odour management.\rThe paper presents the research project ODOCO-ARTNOSE, dealing with the evaluation of electronic noses for the online application in sewer systems. The KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin (research centre) in cooperation with the Berlin water utilities Berliner Wasserbetriebe and Veolia Water will carry out bench tests with selected, commercially available chemosensor arrays to identify advanced applications of electronic noses in odour management in sewer networks. \rObjectives of the project are to analytically assess the online-ability of electronic noses by means of a multi-criteria methodology and to specify future odour control services based on the application of e-noses in sewer networks. The potential of electronic noses will be evaluated as tool to fulfil certain needs, namely\ro\tSupport for planning/designing of odour preventive measures and abatement strategies.\ro\tSupport for real-time odour control.\ro\tData acquisition tool to supervise and document (industrial) dischargers, document the effect of abatement measures and document legal compliance. \rTests are possible to be carried out in the frame of a sewer research plant or within the sewer system of Berlin. A large-scale research plant was developed by Berliner Wasserbetriebe for investigating different odour and corrosion strategies. The plant consists of 2 independent gravity lines and is fed by combined wastewater from Berlin, pumped directly from the sewer. Various milieu conditions can be generated. \rThe paper places current challenges within the city of Berlin into perspective and displays examples of odour abatement strategies of Berliner Wasserbetriebe. Expected outcomes and correlated benefits of the project will be presented. The methodological approach relies on a transparent selection of chemosensor array systems, on bench tests following a sophisticated measurement program and the evaluation of the electronic noses by clear defined criteria.\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://20100520_NOSE2010_paper_FINAL_submitted-2989487617/20100520_NOSE2010_paper_FINAL_submitted.pdf" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Abstract_NOSE2010_Final-1882194177/Abstract_NOSE2010_Final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ODOCO ARTNOSE" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://dx.doi.org/10.3303/CET1023000" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "344" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "344" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kai Schroeder" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pascale Rouault" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Andreas Matzinger" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hauke Sonnenberg" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bernd Heinzmann" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Erika Pawlowsky-Reusing" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dörthe von Seggern" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Development of a planning instrument for CSO management - 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After completion the model-based planning instrument will be used by the Berlin water and wastewater utility and the water authority for scenario analysis of CSO management strategies. To adapt the planning instrument to their respective needs and to guarantee an efficient transfer of the results a specific project structure was established. Through direct participation in project management, technical and scientific work as well as demonstration the end-users can influence the development and provide technical input on local issues. First project results show the relevance of CSO impacts compared to the background condition of the Berlin river system and the need for additional measurements to provide data for model adaptation, calibration and validation. 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"19–24 September 2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Montreal, Canada" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The effect of combined sewer overflow (CSO) control measures should be validated during operation based on monitoring of CSO activity and subsequent comparison with (legal) requirements. However, most CSO monitoring programs have been started only recently and therefore no long-term data is available for reliable efficiency control. A method is proposed that focuses on rainfall data for evaluating the effectiveness of CSO control measures. It is applicable if a sufficient time-series of rainfall data and a limited set of data on CSO discharges are available. The method is demonstrated for four catchments of the Berlin combined sewer system. The analysis of the 2000-2007 data shows the effect of CSO control measures, such as activation of in-pipe storage capacities within the Berlin system. The catchment, where measures are fully implemented shows less than 40 % of the CSO activity of those catchments, where measures have not yet or not yet completely been realised. 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$xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rustler, Michael" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, Gesche" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Holzbecher, Ekkehard" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> 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"701" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "701" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Périllon, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> 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Aquisafe assesses the potential of selected near-natural mitigation systems,\rsuch as constructed wetlands or infiltration zones, to reduce diffuse pollution from\ragricultural sources and consequently protect surface water resources. A particular aim\ris the attenuation of nutrients and pesticides. Based on the review of available\rinformation and preliminary tests within Aquisafe 1 (2007-2009), the second project\rphase Aquisafe 2 (2009-2012) is structured along the following main components:\r(i) Development and evaluation of GIS-based methods for the identification of\rdiffuse pollution hotspots, as well as model-based tools for the simulation of\rnutrient reduction from mitigation zones.\r(ii) Assessment of nutrient retention capacity of different types of mitigation zones in\rinternational case studies in the Ic watershed in France and the Upper White\rRiver watershed in the USA under natural conditions, such as variable flow.\r(iii) Identification of efficient mitigation zone designs for the retention of relevant\rpesticides in laboratory and technical scale experiments at UBA in Berlin.\rThe following report focuses on (ii), providing an overview of existing mitigation systems\rthat may reduce transport of agricultural pollutants to surface waters, with a particular\rfocus on nitrate. The report is based on an extensive review of scientific literature as well\ras practical guidelines. The review emphasizes on systems, which can treat pollutant\rloads from agricultural fields with surface or tile drainage. Such mitigation systems could\rplay an important role in intensely used agricultural areas, where existing efforts in farm\ror crop management are not sufficient to reach water quality goals in receiving rivers.\rThis is typically the case for agricultural catchments with high ratio of artificial drainage,\rwhich allows an almost complete transfer of water and contaminants, particularly during\rhigh flow events.\rFor each identified mitigation system, its general approach, performance against nitrates\rand other contaminants, boundary conditions as well as expected cost are given. The\rsystems are structured according to their place on the pathway between field and\rsurface water into\r1. systems which attempt to reduce contaminant loads in the drainage pipes and\rditches (section 2),\r2. systems, which can be placed between drainage system and surface water\r(section 3),\r3. systems, which can be placed in the receiving surface water (section 4).\rThe review shows that there are a number of feasible options with the potential to\rmitigate NO3\r- pollution from drained agricultural land. The most promising approaches\rwith high removal potential were found to be:\r- controlled drainage (section 2.2),\r- bioreactors at the tile level (section 2.3.2),\r- reactive swales (section 2.4.2),\r- constructed wetlands (section 3.2) and\r- river-diversion wetlands (section 4.2.2).\rMost practical experience exists for constructed wetlands with surface flow (globally) and\rfor controlled drainage (mainly in the USA), whereas the other systems are currently at\ran experimental state.\rv\rFor a model agricultural area, the above systems resulted in expected nitrate reduction\rbetween 14 and 82 % and cost efficiencies between 23 and 246 € kg-N-1. In terms of\rabsolute nitrate removal, (i) wood chip walls parallel to tile drains and (ii) constructed\rwetlands with straw as carbon source were found to be most effective. However, for both\rsystems there are relatively few experiences so further testing will be necessary.\rRegarding cost efficiency, (iii) constructed surface flow wetland with low construction\rcost (dam) and (iv) controlled drainage are most efficient. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, Andreas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Development of a GIS Method to Localize Critical Source Areas of Diffuse Nitrate Pollution" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA International Specialist Conference on Diffuse Pollution (DIPCON)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> 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"100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "12-17 September 2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Beaupré, Quebec, Canada" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The present study aims at developing a universal method for the localization of critical source areas (CSAs) of diffuse NO3- pollution in rural catchments with low data availability. Based on existing methods " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "land use" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "soil" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "slope" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "riparian buffer strips " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "and " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "distance to surface waters " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "were identified as the most relevant indicator parameters for diffuse agricultural NO3-pollution. The five parameters are averaged in a GIS-overlay to localize areas with low, medium and high risk of NO3- pollution. A first application of the GIS approach to the Ic catchment in France, shows that identified CSAs are in good agreement with results from river monitoring and numerical modelling. Additionally, the GIS approach showed low sensitivity to single parameters, which makes it robust to varying data availability. 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"default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The project OXIRED was initiated to assess the potential of a combination of natural\rsystems such as bank filtration (BF) and artificial recharge (AR) and oxidation processes\rin order to improve the degradability of DOC and the removal of trace organics during\rwater treatment. In this literature study, treatment schemes, which combine subsurface passage with oxidation processes, were evaluated with regard to the potential removal of DOC and trace organics, by theoretical considerations and case study analyses. The objectives were i) to estimate the degradation of bulk organic matter and trace organics in such combined systems, ii) to assess the potential for toxic by-products and iii) to describe\rdifferent possible schemes combining natural systems (BF & AR) and oxidation\rprocesses. Available data generally shows good removal of the substances identified as persistent during BF & AR by oxidation processes. Carbamazepine, for example, is poorly\rdegradable during bank filtration, but ozonation leads to a transformation of more than\r97%. If ozonation alone does not suffice, advanced oxidation processes may enhance\rthe transformation. E.g. literature gives a values of < 50% removal of Iopamidol by\rozonation. However, transformation increases up to 88% using advanced oxidation\rprocesses, such as O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "/H" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "2 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "and O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "/UV. Investigations on the formation of possible toxic by-products have shown the general possibilities to control the formation of bromate by decreasing the pH, avoiding free dissolved ozone in the reactor and/or by adding H" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". Only a low risk of exposure of the potentially forming nitrosamines in drinking water after artificial recharge could be identified. Especially the cancerogenic metabolite NDMA is degraded during subsurface passage. Three reference treatment schemes were identified:\r- A: surface water is treated via oxidation before infiltration into artificial recharge ponds.\r- B: a river bank filtration with short retention times (<5 days) is used as a pretreatment step before the successive oxidation and artificial recharge (AR).\r- C1/C2: oxidation is applied subsequent to subsurface passage after bank filtration\rand artificial recharge.\rDue to the possible formation of toxic by-products and the increased assimilable DOC in\rscheme C (Examples for C1 Mülheim Styrum-East and Le Pecq Croissy & C2 Prairie\rWaters Project and the Bi´eau Process) a post-treatment including disinfection after\roxidation is necessary. Additional post-treatment in schemes A (implemented at Mülheim Dohne) and B\rdepends on the redox conditions and the travel times during the subsurface passage.\rHowever, although there is a lack of practical data, the enhancement of BDOC via\roxidation prior to the underground passage seems theoretically more promising than the\rreverse configuration. 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$xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Journal of Plankton Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "1009-1021" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "1009" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon ovalisporum" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "climate change" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "competition" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "ecophysiology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "April 2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Some tropical cyanobacteria have spread to temperate freshwaters during the last\rdecades. To evaluate their further development in temperate lakes, we studied\rthe temperature- and light-dependent growth of three invasive (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii,\rAnabaena bergii and Aphanizomenon aphanizomenoides) and three native\r(Aphanizomenon gracile, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Anabaena macrospora) cyanobacterial\rspecies (Nostocales) from German lakes. We also included one potentially invasive\r(Aphanizomenon ovalisporum) Nostocales species. We conducted semi-continuous culture\rexperiments and a microcosm experiment along a natural light gradient.\rTemperature data were used to design a model to simulate the development of\rselected species according to three temperature scenarios (past, present and future).\rNative species had significantly higher growth rates than invasive species and the\rpotential invader A. ovalisporum at low temperatures ( 108C), while the opposite was\rtrue at high temperatures ( 358C). Maximum growth rates of A. ovalisporum,\rA. aphanizomenoides and C. raciborskii were clearly higher than those of A. bergii and the\rnative species. Regarding light-dependent growth, significant differences were found\rbetween single species but not between all native and invasive species. The model\rsimulation demonstrates a shift in dominance from the native A. gracile in the historic\rscenario to C. raciborskii populations in the future scenario, in which also the potential\rinvader A. ovalisporum is able to establish populations in temperate lakes. Our findings\rsuggest that any further temperature increase would promote the growth and\rdevelopment of Nostocales species in general, and that of the invasive species in\rparticular, and would enable a more northward expansion of A. ovalisporum." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Mehnert et al J Plankt Res 2010-3836389633/Mehnert et al J Plankt Res 2010.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NOSTOTOX" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon ovalisporum" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "climate change" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "competition" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "ecophysiology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Some tropical cyanobacteria have spread to temperate freshwaters during the last decades. To evaluate their further development in temperate lakes, we studied the temperature- and light-dependent growth of three invasive Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaena bergii and Aphanizomenon aphanizomenoides) and three native\r(Aphanizomenon gracile, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Anabaena macrospora) cyanobacterial species (Nostocales) from German lakes. We also included one potentially invasive (Aphanizomenon ovalisporum) Nostocales species. We conducted semi-continuous culture experiments and a microcosm experiment along a natural light gradient.\rTemperature data were used to design a model to simulate the development of selected species according to three temperature scenarios (past, present and future). Native species had significantly higher growth rates than invasive species and the potential invader A. ovalisporum at low temperatures (" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "<" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "underline" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "Symbol" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "2" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "10" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "°" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "Symbol" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "2" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "C), while the opposite was true at high temperatures\r(" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ">" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "underline" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "35°C). Maximum growth rates of A. ovalisporum, A. aphanizomenoides and C. raciborskii were clearly higher than those of A. bergii and the native species. Regarding light-dependent growth, significant differences were found between single species but not between all native and invasive species. The model simulation demonstrates a shift in dominance from the native A. gracile in the historic scenario to C. raciborskii populations in the future scenario, in which also the potential\rinvader A. ovalisporum is able to establish populations in temperate lakes. Our findings suggest that any further temperature increase would promote the growth and development of Nostocales species in general, and that of the invasive species in\rparticular, and would enable a more northward expansion of A. ovalisporum." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style[[1]] #> [1] " www.plankt.oxfordjournals.org." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Mehnert et al. J. Plankt. Res. 2010-0338339585/Mehnert et al. J. Plankt. Res. 2010.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NOSTOTOX" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.1093/plankt/fbq033" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "378" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "378" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matzinger, Andreas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Müller, Beate" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Niederhauser, Pius" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schmid, Martin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wüst, Alfred" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hypolimnetic oxygen consumption by sediment-based reduced substances in former eutrophic lakes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Limnol. Oceanogr" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Limnol. Oceanogr" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "12" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "55(5), 2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "2073" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "We quantified the areal hypolimnetic mineralization rate (AHM; total areal hypolimnetic oxygen depletion including the formation of reduced substances) in two formerly eutrophic lakes based on 20 yr of water-column data collected during oligotrophication. The upward diffusion of reduced substances originating from the decomposition of organic matter in the sediment was determined from pore-water profiles and related to the time of deposition. More than 80% of AHM was due to degradation of organic matter in the water column (including sediment surface) and diffusion of reduced substances from sediment layers younger than 10 yr. Sediments older than 10 yr, including the eutrophic past, accounted for , 15% of AHM. This ‘‘old’’ contribution corresponds to a 20–43% fraction of the total sediment-based AHM. The contribution from old sediment layers to AHM is expected to be even lower in lakes with deeper hypolimnia (. 12 m). In summary, oxygen consumption in stratified hypolimnia is controlled mainly by the present lake productivity. As a result, technical lake management measures, such as oxygenation, artificial mixing, or sediment dredging, cannot efficiently decrease the flux of\rreduced substances from the sediment." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Oxygen_consumption_LO_2010-2608161281/Oxygen_consumption_LO_2010.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.2073" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> 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#> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lorenzen, Gunnar" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, Christoph" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Taute, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" 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[1] "340" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lorenzen, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Taute, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pekdeger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mittal, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Massmann, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Assessment of the potential for bank filtration in a water-stressed megacity (Delhi, India)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Earth Sciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Earth Sciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "16" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$edition #> $xml$records$record$edition$style #> $xml$records$record$edition$style[[1]] #> [1] "5 February 2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bank filtration - India - Groundwater/surface water relations - Hydrochemistry - Urban groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$isbn #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style #> $xml$records$record$isbn$style[[1]] #> [1] "1866-6280 (Print) 1866-6299 (Online)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In the densely populated semi-arid territory around Delhi, the water demand is rising continuously, while the surface- and groundwater resources are threatened by contamination and overexploitation. This is a typical scenario in many newly industrialising and developing countries, where new approaches for a responsible resources management have to be found. Bank filtration holds a great potential, thus being a low tech method and benefiting from the storage and contaminant attenuation capacity of the natural soil/rock. For this study, three field sites have been constructed to investigate bank filtration in different environments in and around the megacity with a main focus on inorganic contaminants. Hydraulic heads, temperature gradients and hydrochemistry of surface water and groundwater were analysed in three different seasons. Depending on sitespecific conditions, distinct hydrogeological conditions were observed and both positive and negative effects on water quality were identified. Most concerning issues are the impact of anthropogenic ammonia, the mixing with\rambient saline groundwater and the mobilisation of arsenic during the reductive dissolution of manganese- and iron-(hydr)oxides. Positive aspects are the dilution of contaminants\rduring the mixing of waters from different sources, the sorption of arsenic, denitrification, and the precipitation of fluoride under favourable conditions." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Lorenzen_et_al_2010_potential for BF in Delhi-2724926720/Lorenzen_et_al_2010_potential for BF in Delhi.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "TECHNEAU WP 5.2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "DOI 10.1007/s12665-010-0458-x" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "383" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "383" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lorenzen, Gunnar" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sprenger, Christoph" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pekdeger, Asaf" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "A Simple Method to Hide Data Loggers Safely in Observation Wells" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ground Water " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ground Water" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "4" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Groundwater Sampling, Datalogger, India Monitoring" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Submersible data loggers are widely used for groundwater monitoring, but their application often runs the risk of hardware and data loss through vandalism or theft. During a field study in India, the authors of this article experienced that well locks attract the attention of unauthorized persons and do not provide secure protection in unattended areas. To minimize the risk of losing data loggers, a cheap and simple solution has been invented to hide the instruments and associated attachments below the ground surface, inside observation wells. It relies on attaching the logger to a length of small-diameter pipe that is submerged at the bottom of the well, instead of attaching it to the top of the well. The small-diameter pipe with the logger is connected to a small bottle containing a magnet that floats on the water surface of the well and can be recovered using another bottle also with a magnet. A logger that is concealed in this way is difficult to detect and access without knowledge of the method and adequate removal tools. The system was tested and successfully applied for monitoring shallow\robservation wells at three field sites in Greater Delhi, India." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00771.x/abstract" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "underline" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "TECHNEAU" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00771.x" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "393" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "393" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, Boris" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tazi-Pain, Annie" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Thauré, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Moeslang, Heribert" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Buisson, Hervé" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ten persistent myths and the realities of the MBR technology for municipal applications" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA World Water Congress" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "10" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Membrane bioreactor technology, municipal wastewater treatment, market, Europe." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "20-24 September 2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Montréal, Canada" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In 2009, the MBR community celebrated the 20" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "th " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "8" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "anniversary of the invention of Prof. Yamamoto\r(the concept of “low pressure / submerged filtration systems”), which has accelerated the\rimplementation of the membrane activated sludge process to treat municipal or industrial wastewater.\rThe technology is now mature and widely applied in different regions of the world. In Europe, more\rthan 800 commercial MBR units were in operation by the end of 2008, among which 37 MBR\rplants with a capacity greater than 5,000 m" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "8" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "/d (Lesjean " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "., 2008 and Huisjes " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "., 2009). Within\ra decade, the constructed systems increased in size from only few thousands of people equivalent\r(p.e.) up to large plants serving more than 100,000 p.e., demonstrating that MBR has become a\rtechnology of choice also in large wastewater treatment schemes.\rThe high pace of the development and implementation of this technology was unfortunately\raccompanied by misconceptions, initially generated false hopes about the potential of the\rtechnology, and very often fuelled by slow or contradictory results of basic R&D and by\rcommercial arguments from the system vendors. This article, based on the findings of the coalition\rof European projects “MBR-Network” (www.mbr-network.eu), and backed up with information\ravailable in public literature together with our experience on the design and operation of MBR\rsystems, intends to review some key aspects of the MBR technology and to present and discuss the\rfacts in order to highlight the most obvious myths about the technology and to better address the\rrealities. In order to avoid specific discussions of industrial applications, we decided to focus our\ranalysis on the municipal market." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://MBR myths and realities full paper VFF-1033931009/MBR myths and realities full paper VFF.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "AMEDEUS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bachelor" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Trinkwasserbrunnen unterliegen natürlichen Alterungsprozessen, unter anderem der\rVerockerung (Wiacek 2006). Es wurden mehrere Biofilmproben aus der Rohwasserleitung\rdes Wasserwerks Stolpe-Berlin entnommen (Kapitel 1.4/ 2.2.1). Die Proben die von der\rTU-Berlin zur Verfügung gestellt wurden, wurden kultiviert und anschließend mit\rmikrobiologischen Methoden charakterisiert (Kapitel 3.4). Vier Stämme, die verstärkt\rEisenablagerungen und dunkle Kolonien aufwiesen, wurden für Folgeversuche\r(Kapitel 3.2/ 3.3) eingesetzt. Alle Versuchsergebnisse deuten daraufhin, dass Eisenhydroxid\reinen großen Einfluss auf die Wirkung des H2O2 auf Biofilme hatte (Kapitel 3). Es hat sich\rergeben, dass eisenoxidierende Bakterien und mit ihnen assoziierte Bakterien (Kapitel 3.6)\reffektiv zu bekämpfen sind, wenn die sie umgebenden Eiseninkrustierungen vorher gelöst\rwerden (Kapitel 4.1.5). Sowohl in den Plattenversuchen, als auch in den Versuchen mit den\rBiofilmen, haben Oxalsäure und die EDTA-Lösung die besten Ergebnisse erzielt, in bezug\rauf die sich lösenden Eiseninkrustierung und der nachfolgenden Reduzierung der Zellzahlen\rmit H2O2. Auch wenn diese Stoffe nicht in verockerten Trinkwasserbrunnen eingesetzt\rwerden können, dienten sie doch dazu, die negative Wirkung des Eisenhydroxids bei der\rBiofilmbehandlung mit H2O2 zu verdeutlichen." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bachelor" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3763317585/TU_Bachelor_Sevda Kutun_Toleranz H2O2.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "WellMa-DNA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] 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"z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Krause, Björn" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heise, Stefan" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> 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$xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "34" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "pesticide, attenuation, mitigation system" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The project Aquisafe assesses the potential of selected near-natural mitigation systems,\rsuch as constructed wetlands or infiltration zones, to reduce diffuse pollution from\ragricultural sources and consequently protect surface water resources. A particular aim\ris the attenuation of nutrients and pesticides. Based on the review of available\rinformation and preliminary tests within Aquisafe 1 (2007-2009), the second project\rphase Aquisafe 2 (2009-2012) is structured along the following main components:\r(i) Development and evaluation of GIS-based methods for the identification of diffuse\rpollution hotspots, as well as model-based tools for the simulation of nutrient\rreduction from mitigation zones\r(ii) Assessment of nutrient retention capacity of different types of mitigation zones in\rinternational case studies in the Ic watershed in France and the Upper White River\rwatershed in the USA under natural conditions, such as variable flow.\r(iii) Identification of efficient mitigation zone designs for the retention of relevant\rpesticides in laboratory and technical scale experiments at UBA in Berlin.\rThe present report provides a review of the properties and existing mitigation experience\rof the two herbicides Atrazine and Bentazone, which will be examined exemplarily in (iii).\rWhereas Atrazine is clearly the pesticide of greatest concern in the USA, Bentazone is\rmainly an issue in Europe with an increasing tendency.\rThe sorption of Atrazine and Bentazone on soils is moderate. Moderate sorption in\rcombination with medium to high persistency makes these compounds relatively mobile;\rtherefore they can usually be observed in surface waters in general and in ground waters\rnear places of their application. First experiences show that mitigation systems can be\reffective measures to decrease their concentrations by supporting biotic and abiotic\rdissipation processes, mainly at high residence times.\rAdding organic matter can improve adsorption of Atrazine and Bentazone, an important\rdissipation process in these systems. Degradation rates for Atrazine and for Bentazone\rcan be increased by implementing highly microbiologically active conditions which can\rusually be accomplished in the presence of external carbon sources. While\rmineralization of both herbicides is favoured in aerobic -environments significant\rdegradation of Atrazine was also observed under anaerobic conditions.\rA great number of open questions remain on how to design a mitigation system which is\radequate to reduce herbicides in drainage water. For instance, there is no specific\rinformation on the degradation of diluted and adsorbed forms of the herbicides, very little\rinformation about necessary residence times, adsorption constants, half lives and\rleaching behaviour in specific substrates or comparable designs. Moreover, the influence\rof nitrogen, which is present in drainage water at high concentrations, on degradation of\rAtrazine and Bentazone remains uncertain. Finally, the behaviour of Atrazine and\rBentazone (contained in agricultural drainage water) in mitigation systems in general and\rin bioretention swales in particular is poorly studied.\rRealistically, mitigation systems would only be implemented if they also allow significant\rreduction of nitrates. Given the existing knowledge, systems with both aerobic and\ranoxic zones are likely to bring most successful results regarding both herbicides and\rnitrates; though they may be difficult to implement. Both for nitrates and pesticides, the presence of external organic carbon sources (with a combination of fast accessible and\rsustainable substrate partitions) seems to be a good basis for dissipation processes and\reffective reduction." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://D5_1_report_pesticides_final-1796421633/D5_1_report_pesticides_final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "AQUISAFE2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kneissl, Michael" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kolbe, Tim" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Würtele, Marlene" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hoa, Eric " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Development of UV-LED disinfection" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "36" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub` #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style[[1]] #> [1] "1 Introduction 3\r2 State-of-the-art on UV Light Emitting Diodes 4\r2.1 The Dawn of Solid State Lighting 4\r2.2 Materials for UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) 4\r2.3 Applications of UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) 6\r2.4 Water purification with UV LEDs 7\r2.5 Challenges regarding the UV device structure 8\r3 Characterisation of commercial UV-LEDs at 265 and 280 nm 9\r3.1 Spectra 9\r3.2 Current-Voltage Characteristics 9\r3.3 Emission Power 10\r4 Design of a UV-LED disinfection module 11\r4.1 Design constraints for biodosimetry trials in bench-scale reactors 11\r4.2 Module I 12\r4.3 Module II 13\r5 UV-LED Disinfection Performance Tests 15\r5.1 Material and Methods 15\r5.2 Results and Discussion 17\r5.3 Conclusions 23\r6 Overall Conclusion and Perspectives 24\r7 References 25\r8 Annex 27" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This report presented recent developments in the field on the UV-LED disinfection. This technological field is very recent and further interests - along with rapid and continuing improvements in performance (especially in terms\rof emission power) – are expected within the next years.\rAfter the physical characterisation of the few UV-LEDs - at 269 and 282 nm - that are currently available on the market, their disinfecting action was to be measured via biodosimetric tests. They show an increase of the inactivationwith an increasing fluence using different types of raw water, although some early static tests tend to highlight potential recontamination and inhomogeneous distribution of UV-light – which may be explained by the module configuration. Main other results indicate that UV-absorbing compounds in the various waters reduce the disinfection capacity.\rMorevoer, a more effective disinfection is observed at 269 nm than at 282 nm for a similar fluence. However, the emission output is better with 282 nm - UV-LEDs. Therefore, an interesting aspect, worth being investigated in the future is to ensure an optimized configuration, which balances the input power, which is necessay to run the UV-LED module, and its disinfecting action.\rWith potential enhanced emission powers, new developments for UV-LED water purification applications would enable to perform larger-scale tests and shorten UV exposure times." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://D2 5 13 - Development of UV-LED Disinfection-0378692368/D2 5 13 - Development of UV-LED Disinfection.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "TECHNEAU WP 2.5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "336" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "336" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Klitzke, Sondra" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Apelt, Susann" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Weiler, Christiane" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fastner, Jutta" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chorus, Ingrid" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Retention and Degradation of the cyanobacterial Toxin Cylindrospermopsin in Sediments - The Role of Sediment preconditioning and DOM composition" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxicon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxicon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "55" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "No 5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "999" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Natural organic matter, dissolved organic carbon, persistence," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "degradation competition, san filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "May 2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Recent results show that cylindrospermopsin is more frequent and widespread in surface waters than previously assumed. Studies on the fate of CYN in sediments are lacking, but this is important if these resources are used for drinking-water production via sediment passage. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine a) CYN retention in two sandy sediments as a function of flow rate, CYN concentration, the presence of DOM and the content of fines (1% and 4%, respectively) and b) the influence of sediment preconditioning and DOM composition of the water (aquatic DOM versus DOM released from lysed cells) on CYN degradation. Retention of CYN proved negligible under the investigated conditions. Degradation in virgin sediments showed the highest lag phases (20 days). Preconditioned sediments showed no lag phase. The presence of aquatic DOM yielded highest degradation rates (k1 ¼0.46 and 0.49 day 1) without a lag phase. Readily available organic carbon sources were preferentially metabolized and hence induced a lag phase. Thus, the presence\rand composition of DOM in the water proved important for both CYN degradation rates in preconditioned sediments and for the lag phase. 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$xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "2185-2193" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "61" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "2185" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "backwash, double-deck, flat sheet membrane, membrane bioreactor" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This paper deals with the performance and the optimisation of the hydraulic operating conditions\rof the A3 Water Solutions flat sheet membrane technology in a MBR pilot-plant to achieve\ra satisfying fouling control and also a reduction in the required aeration. Two vertically stacked\rmodules were tested at pilot-scale at Anjou Recherche under typical biological operating\rconditions (mixed liquor suspended solids concentration (MLSS) ¼ 10 g/l; sludge retention time\r(SRT) ¼ 28 days; food to microorganism ratio (F/M) ¼ 0.12 kg COD/kg MLSS/d). The use of\ra double-deck and of specific backwashes for this membrane technology enabled to achieve\rsatisfying membrane performances for a net flux of 25 L h21m22, 208C at a low specific aeration\rdemand per membrane surface (SADm ¼ 0.2Nm3 h21m22) which corresponds to a specific\raeration demand per permeate volume unit (SADp) of 8Nm3 air/m3 permeate, which is lower\rthan reported for many commercial membrane systems. The mixed liquor characteristics\r(foaming, MLSS concentration) appeared to influence the fouling behaviour of the membranes\rbut no correlation was found with the fouling rate. However, with the new operating conditions,\rthe system is robust and can cope with fouling resulting from biological stress and daily\rpeak flows for MLSS concentrations in the membrane tank up to 18 g/l." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://WST_10_127-1773754625/WST_10_127.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "AMEDEUS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.2166/wst.2010.127" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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"z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Genz, Cornelia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Miehe, Ulf" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> 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attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Genz, Cornelia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Investigation of pre-ozonation on the performance of membrane filtration (Oxeram 1 - D 4.2)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "95" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "pre-ozonation, combined coagulation ozonation, membrane filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "TU Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Low-pressure membrane filtration of secondary effluents allows disinfection and, combined\rwith chemical coagulation, advanced phosphorus removal. However, the loss of filtration\rperformance due to membrane fouling is still a fundamental problem and has a strong impact\ron the costs of the process. Biopolymers as well as colloids in the range of 50 to 350 nm were\ridentified as main foulants during ultrafiltration (UF).\rIn this project the impact of a pre-treatment by ozonation (2-10 mg O3/L) and subsequent\rcoagulation (FeCl3: 2-6 mg Fe3+/L) on the performance of a polymer UF membrane was\rstudied. No free dissolved ozone was in contact with the membrane. Lab tests were performed\rusing Amicon test cells in dead-end mode fed with 500 mL secondary effluent of the WWTP\rRuhleben (Berlin) and the flux decline during filtration was measured. The effect of the two\rpre-treatment steps on the character of DOC, especially the biopolymer fraction, was\rinvestigated using size exclusion chromatography.\rThe pre-treatment enables phosphorus removal of 75 up to 95 % with permeate concentrations\rof 30 to 50 μg P/L. In filtration tests pre-ozonation without flocculation leads to a less distinct\rflux decline (1-7 %). Coagulation without pre-ozonation increases the flux by 5 to 14 %\rcompared to filtration of effluent without pre-tretament. The combination of both pretreatment\rsteps improves the filtration performance up to 30 % and reduces the filtration time\rfor 500 mL by 50 %.\rDifferent mechanisms are considered as reasons for the improved performance. It is known\rthat coagulation partially removes the fouling-active biopolymers and humic substances. The\rpre-treatment with ozone, even at low dosages (2 mg/L), leads to a significant decrease of\rUV254 absorbance, pointing on a shift to more polar molecules. Higher ozone dosages\r(> 6 mg/L) additionally induce disintegration of biopolymers and a shift to smaller organic\rcompounds.\rThe interaction between ozonation and coagulation leads to a partial complexation of iron in\rsolution. As a consequence, less iron is provided for the coagulation process. As the\rpercentage of complexation of iron decreases with increasing coagulant dosage, the synergetic\reffect of pre-ozonation and coagulation on the filtration performance increases with\rincreasing iron dosage.\rThese results suggest that combining pre-ozonation and coagulation can be a promising pretreatment\rprocess to reduce the fouling of organic membranes, without the necessity of\rapplying free dissolved ozone on the membrane surface." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Oxeram I - Final Report-2689731841/Oxeram I - Final Report.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OXERAM1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jimenez, Julie" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Spèrandio, Mathieu" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Saroj, D." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, Boris" #> #> 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"100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Activated sludge model based modelling of membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes: A critical review with special regard to MBR specifities" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Membrane bioreactors (MBR), Filterability, Fouling rate Modelling, Activated sludge models, Kinetic parameters, Influent fractionation, Soluble microbial products (SMP), Exo polymeric substances (EPS)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been increasingly employed for municipal and industrial\rwastewater treatment in the last decade. The efforts for modelling of such wastewater\rtreatment systems have always targeted either the biological processes (treatment quality\rtarget) as well as the various aspects of engineering (cost effective design and operation).\rThe development of Activated Sludge Models (ASM) was an important evolution in the\rmodelling of Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS) processes and their use is now very well\restablished. However, although they were initially developed to describe CAS processes,\rthey have simply been transferred and applied to MBR processes. Recent studies on MBR\rbiological processes have reported several crucial specificities: medium to very high sludge\rretention times, high mixed liquor concentration, accumulation of soluble microbial\rproducts (SMP) rejected by the membrane filtration step, and high aeration rates for\rscouring purposes. These aspects raise the question as to what extent the ASM framework\ris applicable to MBR processes. Several studies highlighting some of the aforementioned\rissues are scattered through the literature. Hence, through a concise and structured\roverview of the past developments and current state-of-the-art in biological modelling of\rMBR, this review explores ASMebased modelling applied to MBR processes. The work aims\rto synthesize previous studies and differentiates between unmodified and modified\rapplications of ASM to MBR. Particular emphasis is placed on influent fractionation, biokinetics,\rand soluble microbial products (SMPs)/exo-polymeric substances (EPS) modelling, \rand suggestions are put forward as to good modelling practice with regard to MBR\rmodelling both for end-users and academia. A last section highlights shortcomings and\rfuture needs for improved biological modelling of MBR processes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://published_article_WR-1521715713/published_article_WR.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "AMEDEUS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Drews, Anja" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Iheanaetu, Andrew" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kraume, Matthias" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Filterability assessment in membrane bioreactors using an in-situ filtration test cell" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "61" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "11" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "2809" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "critical flux, filterability, flux-stepping, fouling, method membrane bioreactors" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "A new method for the assessment of the filterability in membrane bioreactors was tested for five\rmonths in four MBR units in Berlin. The new method BFM (Berlin Filtration Method) for filterability\rassessment uses a small membrane filtration test cell which can be submerged directly in the\rbiological tanks to determine the filterability of the activated sludge in-situ. The test cell contains\ran aerated flat-sheet membrane which operates at similar conditions as in the plant. Filterability\ris expressed in terms of critical flux obtained by performing flux-stepping experiments.\rThe ultimate goal of monitoring the filterability with the device is to detect in real time fouling\roccurrences due to changes in sludge composition and to adapt accordingly the operating\rconditions. The usefulness of the device for this purpose was evaluated for five months after\rmonitoring four MBR plants in Berlin with different activated sludge characteristics (MLSS from\r5 to 21 g/L, SRT 12–35 d and COD in the supernatant 30–400 mg/L). The first results show a good\ragreement between the filterability of the sludge with the portable filtration test cell and the\rfiltration performance of the plant. Critical flux values varied between 3 and 30 L/m2 h during the\rstudied period. Useful information concerning the irreversibility of the fouling was provided by\rlooking at the hysteresis curve of the flux-stepping experiments." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://WST_10_084 in-situ fouling indicator de la Torre-0917126145/WST_10_084 in-situ fouling indicator de la Torre.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "MBR-TRAIN" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.2166/wst.2010.084" #> #> 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attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "De la Torre, Teresa" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Iversen, Vera" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Meng, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stüber, Johan" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Drews, Anja" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, Boris" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kraume, Matthias" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Searching for a universal fouling indicator for membrane bioreactors" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Desalination and Water Treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Desalination and Water Treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "264–269" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "18 (2010)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "264" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fouling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "MBR" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Statistical analysis, Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Numerous papers have been published studying the causes of fouling in membrane bioreactors\r(MBRs) and searching for a universal fouling indicator. Unfortunately, as these studies\rwere performed using various set-ups and operating conditions (different membranes, sludge\rretention time (SRT), hydraulic conditions and diverse feed wastewaters, etc.), the results in\rterms of fouling rates and the infl uence of individual parameters rarely match up. In order to\robtain a signifi cant database of comparable results from different plants, an intensive monitoring\rcampaign of four MBR systems started in 2007 in Berlin. In these units, 14 parameters were\rmonitored on a weekly basis over 10 months to characterise the mixed liquor and the corresponding\rpermeability, including the novel parameter transparent exopolymer particles (TEP),\rwhich represent a specially sticky fraction of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). By\rperforming statistical analyses it was demonstrated that there is no unique fouling indicator,\rand origins of fouling must be searched in the combination of several parameters using multivariable\ranalysis. Applying a multiple regression the critical fl ux values could be correlated\rwith four parameters (temperature, nitrate, bound and soluble TEP) measured in the activated\rsludge for 95% of the data." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://264_DWT7431-0018403072/264_DWT7431.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "MBR-TRAIN" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.5004/dwt.2010.1783" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "377" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "377" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bugey, Anna" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "GIS approach to localize critical source areas of diffuse nitrate pollution. Case study on the Ic catchment, France" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "92" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "GIS, Critical Source Areas, diffuse nitrate pollution" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub` #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................1\rChapter 2 The study site ....................................................................3\r2.1 Description of the study site..........................................................3\r2.2 Available Data................................................................................7\r2.3 Pre-processing of data................................................................. 8\rChapter 3 Methodology and Application............................................10\r3.1 General Approach.......................................................................10\r3.2 Parameter selection....................................................................11\r3.3 Application to single parameters ................................................12\r3.3.1 Land use ..................................................................................12\r3.3.2 Soil ...........................................................................................18\r3.3.3 Slope.........................................................................................26\r3.3.4 Riparian buffer strips ...............................................................30\r3.3.5 Distance to surface waters ................................ ....................35\r3.4 Overlay of parameters ........................................ .......................39\r3.4.1 Method ......................................................................................39\r3.4.2 Application to the Ic ..................................................................39\rChapter 4 Validation of the combined GIS approach......................... 41\r4.1 Comparison with nitrate loads..................................................... 41\r4.1.1 Comparison with measured nitrate loads................................ 41\r4.1.2 Comparison with SWAT simulation.......................................... 42\r4.2 Sensitivity analysis....................................................................... 45\r4.2.1 Land use ...................................................................................46\r4.2.2 Soil ........................................................................................... 48\r4.2.3 Slope......................................................................................... 50\r4.2.4 Riparian buffer strips ................................................................ 53\r4.2.5 Distance to surface waters ...................................................... 55\r4.3 Comparison and discussion........................................................ 58\rChapter 5 Conclusions....................................................................... 61\r5.1 Results of the study .......................................................................61\r5.2 Recommendation for development of a universal GIS method ... .62\r5.2.1 Number of classes ......................................................................63\r5.2.2 Weighting of parameters ............................................................ 63\r5.2.3 Transport parameters.................................................................. 64\r5.2.4 Testing of a developed GIS method ............................................ 65\r5.2.5 Application of GIS-based methods .............................................. 65\rReferences .......................................................................................... 66\rAppendix.................................................................................................70\rA – Data preparation ............................................................................. 70\rB – Additional information regarding single parameters........................ 71\rC – Data on the SWAT analysis ............................................................78" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The project Aquisafe assesses the potential of selected near-natural mitigation systems, such as constructed wetlands or infiltration,zones, to reduce diffuse pollution from agricultural sources and consequently protect surface water resources. A particular aim is the attenuation of nutrients and pesticides. Based on the review of available information and preliminary tests within Aquisafe 1 (2007-2009), the second project phase Aquisafe 2 (2009-2012) is structured along the following main components:\r(i) Development and evaluation of GIS-based approaches for the identification of diffuse pollution hotspots, as well as model-based tools for the simulation of nutrient reduction from mitigation zones\r(ii) Assessment of nutrient retention capacity of different types of mitigation zones in international case studies in the Ic watershed in France and the Upper White River watershed in the USA under natural conditions, such as variable flow.\r(iii) Identification of efficient mitigation zone designs for the retention of relevant pesticides in laboratory and technical scale experiments at UBA in Berlin.\rThe present study focused on (i) and aimed at testing GIS approaches for the localization of critical source areas (CSAs) of diffuse NO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3- " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "pollution in rural catchments with low data availability as a basis for the planning of mitigation measures.\rWe tested a universal " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "GIS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "-based approach, which is a combination of published methods. The five parameters " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "land use" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "soil" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "slope" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "riparian buffer strips " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "and " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "distance to surface waters " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "were identified as most relevant for diffuse agricultural NO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3 - " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "pollution.\rEach parameter was classified into three risk classes, based on a literature review. The risk classes of the five parameters were then averaged in a GIS overlay in order to find areas with highest risk.\rThe Ic catchment in Brittany, France, served as a study site to test the applicability of the chosen approach. The result of the overlay was compared (a) with measured NO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3 - " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "loads in seven subcatchments of the Ic catchment and (b) with the results of a previous analysis by the numerical model " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Soil and Water Assessment Tool " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "(" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "SWAT" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "). Regarding (a) it was found that higher mean risk classes in a subcatchment correspond with higher measured NO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3- " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "loads. However, due to the small number of data points a reliable statistical analysis was not possible. Regarding (b), the plotting of the loads predicted by SWAT against the mean risk class for the 32 SWAT subcatchments show a similar, but poorer relationship.\rThe GIS approach was further analyzed regarding its sensitivity to each of the parameters. The analysis showed that the method is not very sensitive to most of the parameters, i.e. risk class distribution (or the choice of CSA) does not change greatly if one parameter is omitted. Nevertheless, if data quality for some parameters is known to be low, sensitivity of the result to the parameter should be considered in addition.\rIn summary, it can be stated that the applied GIS overlay is a promising, easy to handle approach. First experiences on the Ic catchment indicate that GIS-based approaches can be robust, even for lower data availability. As a result, further work is suggested\rtowards developing a universally applicable GIS method for nitrate CSA identification. 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The unit was operated in South Africa with Ogunjini surface water and was run with restricted chemical intervention or maintenance (no backflush, no aeration, no crossflow and no chemical). Under South African environmental conditions and with direct filtration of the river water and only one manual drainage of the membrane reactor every weekday, the unit could fulfil the design specification in terms of water production (5 m3/d) as long as the turbidity of the raw water remained in a reasonable level (up to 160 NTU), with a filtration flux typically 4 to 6 L/h.m² (corrected at 20°C). This value was in the same range as the lab results and was consistent with the first phase results (around 5-7 L/h.m² after biosand filtration). However, the flux dropped significantly to a range of 2 to 4 L/h.m² after a rain event resulting in a turbidity peak over several days up to > 600 NTU. This demonstrated that for variable raw water types with expected turbidity peaks above 100 NTU, a pre-treatment would be required for the system (biosand filter or other). The performance of microbiological tests confirmed the integrity of the membrane and the ability of the system to achieve complete disinfection" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "10" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://MDIW 2010 - SA Pilot MB-0325548288/MDIW 2010 - SA Pilot MB.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "TECHNEAU 2.5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom7 #> 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[1] "Boulestreau, Morgane" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Scaled-up Trials with a gravity-driven ultrafiltration unit in South Africa" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "24" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub` #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style[[1]] #> [1] "1 Introduction 4\r2 Materials and Methods 5\r2.1 Description of the Unit 5\r2.2 Site for Trials 6\r2.3 Operation conditions and monitoring 6\r2.4 Commissioning and clean water permeability 7\r3 Results and Discussion 8\r3.1 Water Quality 8\r3.1.1 Results of 4 sampling 8\r3.1.2 Influence of the temperature on the biological activity 8\r3.2 Flux Stabilization 10\r3.2.1 Influence of the intermittent operation and of the turbidity feed 10\r3.3 Influence of the pretreatment (sand filter) on the permeate flux 12\r4 Design and operation recommendations 15\r5 Cost evaluation 16\r6 Conclusions 18\r7 References 19\r8 Dissemination 20" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The study aims at validating the point-of-use investigations on long-term gravity-driven ultrafiltration for a scaled-up system, which could produce drinking water for a community of 100-200 inhabitants using natural surface water. Eawag, KWB and Opalium conceived a membrane-based small-scale system (SSS) which can operate without crossflow, backflush, aeration or chemical cleaning. Equipped with a biosand filter as pre-treatment (not used in South Africa), it is designed to be robust, energy-sufficient (gravity-driven) and run with restricted chemical intervention (only residual chlorine). The containerised unit (10’) requires to be fed with raw water at a 2 m-height (energy-equivalent to <8 Wh/m3). As sole operational requirement, the membrane reactor is to be drained (i.e. emptied) on daily to weekly basis to superficially remove the material retained by the membrane and accumulated in the module. Otherwise, the system, which is only driven by a 40 cm differential pressure head (i.e. 40 mbar), is totally self-determined and autonomous.\rThis report details the validation tests performed at Ogunjini in the region of Durban (South Africa) from February to April 2010: the gravity-driven UF compact unit showed promising results in regards to flux stabilization and flow capacity. The unit was operated in South Africa with Ogunjini surface water and was run with restricted chemical intervention or maintenance (no backflush, no aeration, no crossflow and no chemical). Under South African environmental conditions and with direct filtration of the river water and only one manual drainage of the membrane reactor every weekday, the unit could fulfill the design specification in terms of water production (5 m3/d) as long as the turbidity of the raw water remained in a reasonable level (up to 160 NTU), with a filtration flux typically around 4 to 6 L/h.m² (corrected to 20°C). This value was in the same range as the lab results and was consistent with the first phase results (around 5-7 L/h.m² after biosand filtration).\rHowever, the flux dropped significantly to a range of 2 to 4 L/h.m² after a rain event resulting in a turbidity peak over several days up to > 600 NTU. This demonstrated that for variable raw water types with expected turbidity peaks above 100 NTU, a pre-treatment would be required for the system (biosand filter or other). The performance of microbiological tests confirmed\rthe integrity of the membrane and the ability of the system to achieve complete disinfection." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://D2 5 12 - Scaled-up trials with a gravity-driven UF unit in SA final-4275816463/D2 5 12 - Scaled-up trials with a gravity-driven UF unit in SA final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "TECHNEAU WP 2.5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "Englisch" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "387" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "387" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Barjenbruch, Matthias" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Exner, Eva" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Detert, Andreas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Untersuchung des Betriebsverhaltens von Kleinkläranlagen unter besonderen Betriebsbedingungen - Vergleichende Studie auf dem Testfeld des BDZ in Leipzig" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "387" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technische Universität Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In ländlichen Gegenden stellen Kleinkläranlagen eine kostengünstige Lösung für die Abwasserentsorgung dar. Nach der in Europa gültigen Definition von Kleinkläranlagen handelt es sich hierbei um Anlagen zur Behandlung von häuslichem Abwasser bis zu 50 EW. In Deutschland sind ca. 2,2 Millionen Kleinkläranlagen in Betrieb bzw. werden installiert. In Frankreich werden etwa 10 bis 12 Millionen Einwohner von dezentralen Systemen versorgt mit steigender Tendenz.\rDie technischen Lösungen solcher Systeme reichen von Pflanzenkläranlagen über Schilfrohrfilter bis zu Belebungsanlagen. Alle auf dem europäischen Markt verfügbaren Systeme müssen der EU-Zertifizierung EN 12566-3 entsprechen, die einen indeststandard bezüglich Betriebssicherheit und Reinigungsleistung setzt. Weiterhin müssen, je nach nationalen oder regionalen Vorgaben, zusätzliche Richtlinien beachtet werden. Es sind nur wenige Informationen verfügbar über Effizienz, Betriebszuverlässigkeit und Wartungsfreundlichkeit im realen Betrieb der unterschiedlichen am Markt verfügbaren Kleinkläranlagentypen, was aber gerade für Kunden, aber auch für Anbieter von Abwasserdienstleistungen von besonderem\rInteresse ist. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, wurden in vorliegender Studie über eine Dauer von 14 Monaten nebeneinander 12 unterschiedliche Systeme unter realen Betriebsbedingungen verglichen und bewertet. Die Studie liefert damit detaillierte Informationen zu den Leistungsmerkmalen unterschiedlicher Anlagentypen hinsichtlich Reinigungsleistung, Ablaufwerte,\rBetriebsaufwand, Schlammbehandlung und Energieverbrauch.\rDie Untersuchungen erfolgten an einer Auswahl von auf dem Testfeld des Bildungs- und Demonstrationszentrum für dezentrale Abwasserbehandlung e.V. (BDZ) in Leipzig zu Demonstrations-und Schulungszwecken vorinstallierten Kleinkläranlagen sowie zwei zusätzlich dort eigens für das Vorhaben eingebauten Systemen." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Abschlussbericht_Compas_gerneu-3393039105/Abschlussbericht_Compas_gerneu.pdf" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://1716625962/20100208_Report_Compas_eng_fin.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "COMPAS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> 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$xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] " in northeastern Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxicon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxicon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "56" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "964" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi, Anatoxin-a, Lake Stolpsee" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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In 2007 and 2008, we analyzed phytoplankton composition and ATX concentration in Lake Stolpsee (NE Germany) in order to identify ATX producers. Sixty-one\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon spp" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". strains were isolated, morphologically and phylogenetically characterized, and tested for ATX production potential by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). New primers were specifically designed to identify a fragment of a polyketide synthase gene putatively involved in ATX synthesis and tested on all 61\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon spp" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". strains from L. Stolpsee and 92 non-ATX-producing " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon spp" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "., " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anabaena spp" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". and " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anabaenopsis spp" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". strains from German lakes Langersee, Melangsee and Scharmützelsee. \rAs demonstrated by LC–MS/MS, ATX concentrations in L. Stolpsee were undetectable in 2007 and ranged from 0.01 to 0.12 µg l" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "-1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "superscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " in 2008. Fifty-nine of the 61 strains isolated were classified as " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon gracile" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " and two as " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". One " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. issatschenkoi" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " strain was found to produce ATX at concentrations of 2354 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "±" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "Times New Roman" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " 273 µg g" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "-1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "superscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " fresh weight, whereas the other " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. issatschenkoi" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " strain and " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. gracile" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " strains tested negative. The polyketide synthase gene putatively involved in ATX biosynthesis was found in the ATX-producing " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. issatschenkoi" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " strain from L. Stolpsee but not in the non-ATX-producing\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon spp., Anabaena spp" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". and " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anabaenopsis spp" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". strains from lakes Stolpsee, Langersee, Melangsee, and Scharmützelsee. This study is the first confirming " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. issatschenkoi " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "as an ATX producer in German water bodies." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Ballot et al. Toxicon 2010-0121172993/Ballot et al. Toxicon 2010.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NOSTOTOX" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.06.021" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "382" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "382" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ballot, Andreas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fastner, Jutta" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "CWiedner, Claudia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxin-Producing Cyanobacterium " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon gracile " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "in Northeast Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Applied and Environmental Microbiology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Applied and Environmental Microbiology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "76" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "4" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "1173" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2010" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Neurotoxic paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, anatoxin-a (ATX), and hepatotoxic cylindrospermopsin (CYN) have been detected in several lakes in northeast Germany during the last 2 decades. They are produced worldwide by members of the nostocalean genera " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anabaena" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cylindrospermopsis" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", and " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". Although no additional sources of PSP toxins and ATX have been identified in German water bodies to date, the observed CYN concentrations cannot be produced solely by " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon flos-aquae" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", the only known CYN producer in Germany. Therefore, we attempted to identify PSP toxin, ATX, and CYN producers by isolating and characterizing 92 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anabaena, Aphanizomenon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", and " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anabaenopsis " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "strains from five lakes in northeast Germany. In a polyphasic approach, all strains were morphologically and phylogenetically classified and then tested for PSP toxins, ATX, and CYN by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and screened for the presence of PSP toxin- and CYN-encoding gene fragments. As demonstrated by ELISA and LC-MS, 14 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon gracile " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "italic" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "strains from Lakes Melang and Scharmu¨tzel produced four PSP toxin variants (gonyautoxin 5 [GTX5], decarbamoylsaxitoxin [dcSTX],\rsaxitoxin [STX], and neosaxitoxin [NEO]). GTX5 was the most prevalent PSP toxin variant among the seven strains from Lake Scharmu¨tzel, and NEO was the most prevalent among the seven strains from Lake Melang. 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"13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "45, W02431" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2009" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Large-scale dispersion was studied in an unconsolidated, sandy, glaciofluvial, riverrecharged,\rand confined aquifer in Germany. Groundwater observation wells from a\r3.5-km-long transect located in flow direction from the river Oder into a large lowland\rarea (Oderbruch polder) were sampled for noble gases in order to date the groundwater\rwith the tritium and helium (3H-3He) technique. The apparent 3H-3He ages of the\rgroundwater increased from only a few months to >40 years along the flow path. Highest\rvalues for initial 3H (sum of 3H and its decay product tritiogenic helium, 3Hetri) were\rencountered in 2.6-km river distance. Concentrations of 4He in the water increased to\r1.1 10 7 cm3 STP/g with distance from the river. The initial 3H data enabled an\restimation of the longitudinal dispersivity with a simplified one-dimensional transport\rmodel. The best fit of modeled and measured initial 3H data was obtained using a\rdispersivity of 120 m. Deviations of modeled hydraulic ages and measured apparent\r3H-3He ages for older samples can be explained by dispersive mixing." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Massmann_2009-3945696512/Massmann_2009.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "doi:10.1029/2007WR006746" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Well monitoring, Veolia, Software tool, Tegel" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2009" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technische Universität Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mangeot, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Renoult, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sautjeau, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style 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#> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Scaled-up Trials with a gravity-driven ultrafiltration unit in France" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "23" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2009" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub` #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style[[1]] #> [1] "1 Introduction 4\r2 Materials and Methods 5\r2.1 Description of the Unit 5\r2.2 Site for Trials 6\r2.3 Action Plan 7\r2.4 Commissioning and hydraulic issues 8\r3 Results and Discussion 9\r3.1 Water Quality 9\r3.1.1 Daily Monitoring 9\r3.1.2 Organic Characterisation 10\r3.1.3 Bacterial Analyses 11\r3.2 Flux Stabilization 14\r3.3 Expectations for the South African conditions 15\r3.4 Influence of the temperature and Relevance of the pretreatment 16\r4 Conclusions 18\r5 References 19" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The study aims at validating the point-of-use investigations on long-term gravity-driven ultrafiltration for a scaled-up system, which could produce drinking water for a community of 100-200 inhabitants using natural surface water. Eawag, KWB and Opalium conceived a membrane-based small-scale system (SSS) which can operate without crossflow, backflush, aeration or chemical cleaning. Equipped with a biosand filter as pretreatment, it is designed to be robust, energy-sufficient (gravity-driven) and run with restricted chemical intervention (only residual chlorine). The containerised unit (10’) requires to be fed with raw water at a 2 m-height (energy-equivalent to ~8Wh/m3). As sole operational requirement, the membrane reactor is\rsimply to be drained (i.e. emptied) on daily to weekly basis to superficially remove the material retained by the membrane and accumulated in the module. Otherwise, the system, which is only driven by a 40 cm differential pressure head (i.e. 40 mbar), is totally self-determined and autonomous.\rThis report details the validation tests performed at Veolia Water Research Center in Annet-sur-Marne (France) from January to August 2009 : the gravity-driven UF compact unit showed promising results in regards to flux stabilization and flow capacity. Although early investigations take place in winter, an initial flux stabilization to 2.5 lmh is observed, which is below the reference results from the Eawag lab tests (i.e. 7-10 lmh, at 20 ± 2°C). However, the “scaled-up” system can benefit from a weekly drainage which seems to enhance the flux to 4-5 lmh, and thereby, the unit is to produce more\rthan 4 m3/d, which is consistent with the design target of 5 m3/d. Moreover, the increase of the drainage frequency (to 3 times/week) along with warmer temperatures – leading to a better membrane permeability and biological activity - contribute to a further enhancement to 5-7 lmh. This is particularly relevant for South Africa, for which decentralized water supply is a burning issue and where the unit is to be further tested from November 2009.\rThe investigations also highlighted the critical performance of the biosand filter as pretreatment. More than the UF step – whose membrane integrity was confirmed with bacterial analyses, the pretreatment step needed more frequent (i.e. monthly) O&M requirements. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rücker, Jacqueline" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Weigert, Bodo" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Cylindrospermopsin in Lakes of the Berlin Area -Occurrence, Causes and Consequences (CYLIN)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> 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"internal-pdf://Schriftenreihe_KWB_Band6_englisch_Web-3338594304/Schriftenreihe_KWB_Band6_englisch_Web.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "CYLIN" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English, German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "175" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "175" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Book Section" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiedner, C., Rücker, J., Nixdorf, B., Chorus, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "J. L. Lozán, J. L., Grassl, H., Jendritzky, G., Karbe, L., Reise, K. (Herg.) " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tropische Cyanobakterien in Deutschen Gewässern: Ursachen und Konsequenzen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Warnsignal Klima: Gesundheitsrisiken, Gefahren für Pflanzen, Tiere und Menschen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "251-254" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2008" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tropical cyanobacteria in German waters: Causes and consequences - Toxic cyanobacteria of tropical origin have spread to water bodies in northern Germany. Here their population size is determined by the onset of germination: the earlier the time of germination, the larger the summer population. Climate-related early increase in water temperatures over the course of the years has promoted their spreading to temperate regions. Toxins known from these species in tropical regions were also found in German lakes. Surprisingly, these toxins are not produced by the invaders but by native species. Thus, the invasion have drawn our attention to an old problem. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Massmann, Gudrun" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nogeitzig, Alexander" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Taute, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pekdeger, Asaf" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2008" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Redox processes during bank filtration were\revaluated in Berlin, where bank filtered water is abstracted\rfor drinking water production. The investigations included\rthe mapping of the infiltration zone, a column study and\rhydrochemical analyses of the groundwater sampled between\rlake and production well. The organic carbon content\rincreased and the permeability of the lake sediments\rdecreased with distance from the shoreline. The most\rimportant changes with regard to the redox state of the\rinfiltrate occurred within the first metre of flow. Infiltration\rwas mostly anoxic, as oxygen was rapidly consumed\rwithin the organic rich sediments. The infiltration zone\rrevealed a vertical redox stratification with hydrochemical\rconditions becoming more reducing with depth rather than\rwith distance from the lake. The redox zones were found to\rbe very narrow below the lake and wider towards the\rproduction wells, suggesting that other than differing flow\rpaths, reaeration after infiltration may also occur and\rpossible mechanisms are presented. Redox conditions were\rinfluenced by strong annual temperature variations of the\rsurface water affecting the microbial activity. 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$xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Preliminary report on data of all inorganic substances and physicochemical parameters listed in the Indian and German Drinking Water Standards from surface water and groundwater at the 3 (+1) field sites" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "44" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2008" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "FU Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub` #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style[[1]] #> [1] "1. INTRODUCTION 8\r2. APPROACH 8\r2.1. OVERVIEW ON SAMPLING LOCATIONS 8\r2.2. SAMPLING SCHEDULES, PARAMETERS AND ANALYSIS 11\r2.3. DRINKINGWATER SPECIFICATIONS 11\r2.4. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA 12\r3. RESULTS 14\r3.1. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS 14\r3.2. INORGANIC IONS 16\r3.2.1. RELIABILITY CHECK 16\r3.2.2.MAJOR IONS 17\r3.2.3. HEAVYMETALS 24\r3.2.4. OTHER INORGANIC TRACE SUBSTANCES 29\r4. CONCLUSIONS 35\rREFERENCES 37\rAPPENDIX 38" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The intention of the work package 5.2 is to analyze the function and relevance of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) techniques with a main focus on Riverbank Filtration (RBF) to enable sustainable water resources management, especially in developing or newly industrialized countries. For this aim three RBF sites in Delhi were equipped with groundwater observation wells and sampled monthly for determination of surface and groundwater quality. This report includes\rinformation of more than 150 samples from surface- and groundwater, which were analyzed for a broad series of chemical and physicochemical parameters. For each sample, physicochemical parameters were determined in situ (pH, T, ORP,\rEC, DO) along with alkalinity, nitrite, ammonia and hydrogensulphide content by the Freie Universität Berlin (FUB) and the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IITD). Additionally, water samples were collected and prepared under appropriate conditions for analysis of inorganic substances (major ions, heavy metals and other inorganic substances) and stable isotopes at FUB laboratories and microbiological parameters and organic contaminants at IIT laboratories. At FUB, in general all parameters were determined monthly except for some heavy metals for which the analysis is very time consuming and costly. For these metals, three sampling campaigns (monsoon, pre- and postmonsoon) were selected for\ranalysis to get an overview of possible contaminations. Investigations on RBF are being performed at three different field sites within the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), two of them on the banks of River Yamuna (Palla and Nizamuddin) and one of them at it’s major tributary in the Delhi stretch, called Najafgarh Drain (Najafgarh). At each of the field sites, at least five piezometers were constructed with varying depths and distances from the surface water. For each field site, groups of piezometers were built, to differentiate surface water and piezometers tapping shallow, medium and deep groundwater. For each parameter distribution and range of the values are shown with boxplots and compared to the German and the Indian drinking water standards. At the Palla field site positive effects during bankfiltration can be observed for several heavy metals like Pb, Al and Cu, while no significant changes or an increase in the concentration can be observed for Fe and Mn, respectively. Other substances like As, NO2- and Ammonia decrease during underground passage while no significant changes or an increase in the concentration can be observed for B and F, respectively. Only Fluoride exceeds the threshold for drinking water standard (Indian standard 1.5 mg/l) and must be considered as critical. At the Nizamuddin field site positive effects during bankfiltration can be observed only for one heavy metal (Al), while no significant changes can be observed for Pb and Cu and an increase in the concentration can be observed for Fe and Mn. Other substances like As, F and Ammonia increase during the underground passage while no significant changes or an decrease in the concentration can be observed for B and NO2-, respectively. At this field site elevated concentrations of several substances like As, Fe, Mn, F and NH4 will make a post-treatment necessary. At the Najafgarh field site the main constraints is the high salinity of the groundwater and the seasonal disavailability of fresh surface water. Due to the high\rmineralization of the groundwater a possible RBF site must be situated very close to the drain with shallow filter screens in order to obtain a high share of bank filtrate. The design and the potential capabilities of RBF facilities are currently subject to ongoing work and cannot evaluated finally. The sampling campaigns carried out so far are very useful to evaluate i) the seasonal changes in the surface water and ii) the depth dependent changes of the ambient groundwater. It needs to be taken into account that nitrogen species will promote the occurrence of problematic substances like ammonia, nitrite or nitrate due to a load with untreated sewage. 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$xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2008" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub` #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style[[1]] #> [1] "1 Extended abstract 5 \r2 Introduction 6 \r3 Market Background 7 \r3.1 Membrane market for water supply 7 \r3.2 Decentralised water supply as a priority issue 8 \r3.3 Market expectations of membrane-based systems for decentralised water supply 9 \r3.3.1 Developed Countries 10 \r3.3.2 Transition Countries - Post Soviet Union Region 10 \r3.3.3 Developing Countries 10 \r4 Market Survey 12 \r4.1 Survey Objectives 12 \r4.2 Methology 12 \r4.3 Respondant panel 15 \r5 Identification of market niches 17 \r5.1 Point-Of-Use Systems 17 \r5.1.1 Ceramic POU Systems 17 \r5.1.2 POU - Reverse Osmosis Systems 20 \r5.1.3 POU - Ultrafiltration Systems 21 \r5.2 Point-Of-Entry Systems 22 \r5.3 Small-scale Systems 23 \r5.3.1 Modular Systems 23 \r5.3.2 Emergency Systems 25 \r5.3.2.1 Commercial Products 26 \r5.3.2.2 Non-Commercial Products 26 \r5.4 Membrane Modules 28 \r5.4.1 Polymeric Membrane 28 \r5.4.2 Ceramic Membrane 29 \r6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 30 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Membrane processes stand as a promising technology to ensure a safe water supply at the community and the household levels. As the price of membranes has notably decreased over the last years, the market of membrane-based systems for decentralised applications has developed and diversified. In order to have a view of what the current market offers, 204 water companies were contacted and asked to characterise their Point-of-use (POU) or small-scale membrane systems, with a focus set on operation and maintenance, costs and energy requirements. Such study was not performed previously. With a 15% reply rate, the survey enables to identify the different market niches. That includes ceramic POU, organic POU, organic point-of-entries (POE), modular treatment units and emergency systems, whose technical characterization is further detailed in the Annex. Besides, the review of the marketed membrane modules reveals that ultrafiltration is the most available process. The survey also shows that the pre-treatment is a key parameter when considering options for decentralised water supply. As needs for sustainable solutions for small water supply are established, the membrane market is expected to grow and more standardised products to appear. The market evaluation can be summarized in Figure 1. Depending on the product niche, the membrane material and the filtration type, different degrees toward the market maturity are then highlighted. \r\rSuch systems would be broadly applied in developed countries, but they represent also great potential for transition and developing countries. However, few systems designed for long-term operation with low-energy and low-chemical requirements exist yet. Therefore, the R&D identified within Techneau matches a non-fulfilled yet requirement." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://D2.5.3. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiedner, Claudia " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ruecker, Jacqueline " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Brueggemann, Rainer " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nixdorf, Brigitte " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Climate change affects timing and size of populations of an invasive cyanobacterium in temperate regions" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Oecologia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nostocales, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Population dynamics, Lifecycle, Biogeography" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, an invasive freshwater cyanobacterium, originated from the tropics but has spread to temperate zones over the last few decades. Its northernmost populations in Europe occur in North German lakes. How such dramatic changes in its biogeography are possible and how its population dynamics in the newly invaded habitats are regulated are still unexplained. We therefore conducted a long-term (1993–2005) study of two German lakes to elucidate the mechanisms behind C. raciborskii population dynamics and to identify the abiotic constraints on its development. Our data revealed that pelagic populations of C. raciborskii thrived for three months during the summer, contributing up to 23% of the total cyanobacteria biovolume. Population sizes varied\rgreatly between years without exhibiting any distinct long-term trends. In the annual lifecycle, C. raciborskii filaments emerged in the pelagic habitat when the temperature rose above 15–17 C. At that time, mean photosynthetically active radiation in the mixed water column (Imix) overstepped its maximum. Rates of population net increase were highest at the beginning of the season (0.15– 0.28 day–1), declined continuously over time, and were significantly positively correlated with Imix. This indicates that the onset of the pelagic population is temperaturemediated and that Imix controls its growth. Since Imix peaks before the population onset, the time of germination is of crucial importance for successful development. To test this hypothesis, we designed a model to simulate pelagic\rpopulation size, starting at different dates in the annual cycle. Moving the population onset forward by 30 days resulted in a doubling of the population size. We therefore conclude that an earlier rise in water temperature associated with climate change has promoted the spread of C. raciborskii to the temperate zone. Earlier warming permits earlier germination, thereby shifting the pelagic populations to a phase with higher Imix, which advances growth and the population establishment." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Wiedner et al_Oecologia_2007-2401573889/Wiedner et al_Oecologia_2007.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "CYLIN" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Cylindrospermopsin in Lakes of the Berlin Area: Occurrence, Causes and Consequences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "168" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, nostocales, Lakes, Neophytes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> 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#> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vocks, Martin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, Boris" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, Regina" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> 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nutrient\rsolutions. The processes precipitation, crystallization, and adsorption, were used for nutrient\rrecovery as follow-up techniques. 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"Nixdorf, Brigitte " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fastner, Jutta " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chorus, Ingrid " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiedner, Claudia " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Concentrations of particulate and dissolved cylindrospermopsin in 21 Aphanizomenon-dominated temperate lakes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxicon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxicon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "10" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Freshwater ecology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phytoplankton" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxic cyanobacteria" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nostocales" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anabaena bergii" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is widely distributed in German lakes, but volumetric data for risk assessment are lacking and it is unclear which cyanobacterial species produce CYN in Europe. We therefore analyzed CYN concentration and cyanobacterial composition of 21 German lakes in 2005. CYN was detected in 19 lakes (102 of 115 samples). In total, 45 samples contained particulate CYN only, and 57 contained both dissolved and particulate CYN.\rThe concentrations were 0.002–0.484 mgL 1 for particulate CYN and 0.08–11.75 mgL 1 for dissolved CYN with a maximum of 12.1 mgL 1 total CYN. A drinking-water guideline value of 1 mgL 1 proposed by Humpage and Falconer [2003. Oral toxicity of the cyanobacterial toxin CYN in male Swiss albino mice: determination of no observed adverse effect level for deriving a drinking water guideline value. Environ. Toxicol. 18, 94–103] was exceeded in 18 samples from\reight lakes due to high concentrations of dissolved CYN. CYN occurrence in the German lakes could not be ascribed to the three known CYN-producing species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaena bergii and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, which were detected in some lakes in low abundances. The highest correlation coefficients were observed between particulate CYN and the native Aphanizomenon gracile. It occurred in 98 CYN-positive samples, was the most abundant Nostocales and was the only Nostocales in five samples. This indicates that A. gracile is a potential CYN producer in German lakes." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Rücker et al_Toxicon_2007-4057204736/Rücker et al_Toxicon_2007.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "CYLIN" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schroeder, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowsky-Reusing, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Reimer, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Consideration of online rainfall measurement and now casting for RTC of the combined sewage system" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Conference on Sewer Processes and Networks" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Real-time control" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "sewage system" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "simulation" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "radar rainfall forecast" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "29.-.31.08.2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Delft, The Netherlands" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In Berlin, Germany, the demand for enhanced protection of the environment and the growing economic pressure have led to an increased application of control concepts within the sewage system. A global control strategy to regulate the pumpage of the combined sewage system to the treatment plant was developed\rand evaluated in a theoretical study. The objective was to reduce CSO. In this paper an extension of the existing control algorithm by information from online rainfall measurement and radar nowcasting is described. The rainfall information is taken into account by two additive terms describing the predicted volume\rfrom rainfall runoff. On the basis of numerical simulation the potential of these two complementary forecast terms in the global control algorithm to further reduce CSO is evaluated. The investigations are based on long-time simulations that are conducted with the dynamic flow routing model InfoWorks for three subcatchments of the Berlin drainage system. The results show that at the current Berlin system a CSO reduction of only 0.8% is possible. The effect of the forecast terms is limited by operational constraints. Limits are set to both, the delivery from each individual pump station and the total pumpage to the treatment plant." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Rouault_2007_Consider-1293746433/Rouault_2007_Consideration of online rainfall measurement and now casting for RTC of the combined sewage system_Sewer Processes and Networks_2007.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "EVA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" 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"default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> list() #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "EVA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Borkmann, Karin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pronk, Wouter " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "NOM-fouling in low flux UF membrane systems" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "24" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub` #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style[[1]] #> [1] "1 Introduction 4\r1.1 General background 4\r1.2 Membrane fouling 5\r1.3 Operation under low filtration flux 5\r1.4 Goals and objectives of the study 6\r2 Materials and methods 7\r2.1 Characteristics of the polysaccharides 7\r2.2 Composition of the synthetic media 7\r2.3 UF membranes 8\r2.4 Membrane test units 8\r2.5 Fouling experiments 8\r3 Results and Discussion 9\r3.1 Impact of different polysaccharides on the membrane fouling 9\r3.2 The role of metal ions 11\r3.3 Iron containing systems 12\r3.4 The role of ionic strength 13\r3.5 Long term experiments and flux stabilization 15\r3.6 Relevance to practice 17\r4 Conclusions 18\r5 Literature 19" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Access to microbiologically and chemically safe water is limited not only in developing countries, but also in transition countries and even in remote areas of developed countries. For these cases, decentralized water supply concepts such as point-of-use (POU), point-of-entry (POE) or small-scale system (SSS) technologies can be promising alternatives to centralized treatment concepts. Membrane-based treatment systems have gained importance for drinking water treatment in the developed countries. In principle, application of membrane technology is attractive also for the transition and developing countries, because it provides absolute barriers for control of hygienic hazards (Ultrafiltration (UF)) and because the modular construction enables implementation on each possible scale size. However membrane technology is still not affordable for the poorest part of the world population.\rThe sustainable application of POU membrane system presumes that system should be operated without or with limited addition of chemicals, with limited possibility of regular backflushing and with low pressure, presumably hydrostatic. On the other hand, while the water needs for drinking and cooking for a family of four people constitute approx. 20 l/day, operation of POU UF system under low flux conditions is possible. One of the most important limitations for application of ultrafiltration in simple household devices, is membrane fouling. In order to overcome the reasons of the limited application of UF in POU systems, the better understanding of the UF process in these specific conditions and specially membrane fouling is needed.\r\rRecent studies have shown that dissolved or colloidal polysaccharides and proteins and their interactions with the membrane and between macromolecules might have more severe impact. During long term dead-end filtration, accumulation of the macromolecules on the membrane surface and increase of their concentration is severe. The interactions between those macromolecules in the conditions of high concentrations in the boundary layer affect the structure of the layer and its permeability. However, in most of the studies, only the foulant-membrane interactions are considered like relevant for reversibility of fouling. The foulant-foulant interactions in the boundary layer have been studied only superficially.\rTherefore, we systematically investigated the impact of polysaccharide and solution properties on UF membrane fouling in conditions of low flux and limited backflushing, under constant TMP conditions (hydrostatic pressure of 120 mbar - 150 mbar.\r\rOur experimental results lead us to the following conclusions: Regarding the initial stage of flux decline (0-80 ml permeate/cm2) the polysaccharide structure, and particularly availability of carboxyl groups, has a major impact on the membrane fouling, while the molecular weights of polysaccharides does not play a significant role (in the studied range of Mw 5-250 kDa). Such solution conditions as presence of metal ions and ionic strength are also detrimental for the fouling, while both metal ions and ionic strength have impact on the gel structure and properties, generally stabilizing it, and increasing the possibility of water trapping by hydrogen bonding, which leads to the higher permeability. However, independently of the initial solution conditions, after approx. 80 ml has been filtered through 1 cm2 of the membrane, flux becomes stable on the level of approx. 10 L/(hm2) over the whole period of operation (several weeks in some cases). We suppose that the gel layer formed by polysaccharides play a role of a “second” membrane on the surface of the PES UF membrane, keeping remaining permeability on the certain level, determined by the water retention properties of the gel\rstructure.\rRegarding practical application, the obtained results open a new direction for the ultrafiltration in specific conditions of household systems. The long term ultrafiltration should be studied on natural waters to prove the flux stabilization phenomenon. This phenomenon may give a possibility to produce up to 10 L/h of water from 1 m2 of the membrane applying only 120 mbar of hydrostatic pressure (1.2 m water level difference) without backflushing or crossflow, which may simplify the design and maintenance of the system and significantly reduce its costs. \rNext activities in Techneau project will include the further evaluation of the long term ultrafiltration on natural waters; characterization of the impact of biofouling on the flux decline; and evaluation of the operational parameters of the Point-of-use system, based on the proposed above concept to treat at least 20 L/day." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://D2.5.7 UF-NOM fouling final-3003263248/D2.5.7 UF-NOM fouling final.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "TECHNEAU WP 2.5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "278" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "278" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Peter-Fröhlich, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bonhomme, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Oldenburg, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sanitation Concepts for Separate Treatment of Urine, faeces and Greywater (SCST) - Results" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "95" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://kompetenz-wasser.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/forschung/scst/SCST_FinalReport_5_01.pdf" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://SCST_FinalReport_5_01-2855264768/SCST_FinalReport_5_01.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SCST" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "277" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "277" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Peter-Fröhlich, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bonhomme, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Oldenburg, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sanitärkonzepte zur seperaten Behandlung von Urin, Fäkalien und Grauwasser (SCST) - Layman Report" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "With the application of advanced treated wastewater to the ancient wastewater\rirrigation field Karolinenhöhe, the Berlin Water Company (Berliner\rWasserbetriebe) started in 1990 an ecological passable and water economical\rreasonable cultivation of an old wastewater irrigation field. After a period of 10\ryears of operation the functional capability and the efficiency is assed.\rIn the first aquifer a hydrodynamic impact by the trickled water could be proved in\rthe measuring facilities and certified by modelling. Altogether the application of the\radvanced treated wastewater stabilized the water balance and therefore the basis\rflow of the river Havel. Especially admissions during the low water periods\r(summer and autumn) counteract the low water level in the surface water by a\rraised basis discharge.\rSince 1990 the ecological status of the first aquifer of the wastewater irrigation\rfield is clearly improved. The concentration of the relevant parameters of\reutrophication NO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "10" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "6" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ", NH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "10" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "4 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "6" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "und PO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "10" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "4 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "6" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "regressed significantly. In the second aquifer the\rparameter boron and phosphate improved from 1990 to April 2002. For the other\rparameters a diffuse basis load remained.\rThe admission of the advanced treated water has a positive effect to the quality of\rthe groundwater compared to the initial situation. The concentration of most of the\rparameters regressed. Just the concentration of potassium (in the first and second\raquifer) and of AOX (in the first aquifer) stayed almost constant because of the\rinput. There are no risks by continuing applications. There is a degradation of the\rnitrogen compounds due of the soil passage of the water and a dilution by the\rnatural groundwater recharge. Therefore the receiving water bodies are less\rpolluted compared to a direct discharge (exception potassium). A clear\rimprovement is reached for the river Havel. The retention time of the water in the\runderground passage is very long because of the great depth of the groundwater\rlevel. Therefore a degradation of germs is assured.\rMore detailed studies and analyses must follow this primal estimation." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "10" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://kompetenz-wasser.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/forschung/scst/SCST_Layman_Report__deu___PF_23.5.2007__01.pdf" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://SCST_Layman_Report__deu___PF_23.5.2007__01-4281024512/SCST_Layman_Report__deu___PF_23.5.2007__01.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Muskolus, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ellmer, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Final report for task 8 of the demonstration project \"Sanitation Concepts for Separate Treatment of Urine, Faeces and Greywater\" (SCST) , Fertilizer Usage" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "55" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Institut für Pfalnzenbauwissenschaften" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The recycling of plant-nutrients as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus from\rhuman nutrition is considered to be a preposition towards sustainable\ragriculture. Commonly, human excreta are collected together with waste water\rand other liquid wastes from households and small industries. During the\rtreatment in central sewage-works the valuable nutrients cannot be separated\rfrom potentially harmful substances such as heavy metals. Therefore, the\rapplication of sewage-sludge on agricultural fields is strongly limited. Today, in\rGermany a major amount of sewage sludge is burned in waste incineration\rplants. This means a dissemination of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen into\rthe atmosphere. Phosphorus and potassium fertilisers are extracted in mines and\ras such non-renewable. A shortage of phosphorus to be used as fertiliser is\rexpected to arise within the next 80 years (STEEN, 1998).\rAlternative Sanitation Concepts such as the separate collection and treatment of\rurine and faeces prevent the contamination of the plant nutrients with potentially\rharmful or unwanted substances from other liquid wastes. The main feature of\rthis concept is the use of a separation toilet. It can be used in the same way as\rany other common flushing-toilet but has a special valve for separate urine\rcollection. The urine can easily be stored in containers e.g. in the basement of a\rhouse and used as fertiliser. A composting process ensures hygienisation of the\rsolid faeces separated from flushing water. Due to its low content of nitrogen all\rremaining waste water can be treated in a constructed wetland.\rThe studies introduced followingly were carried out within the scope of the SCST\r(Sanitation System of Separate Treatment) research project. This EU-Life\rdemonstration project is a result of the cooperation of the KompetenzZentrum\rWasser Berlin, Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Veolia Water and Anjou Recherche. It\rcontains a setup of a complete Alternative Sanitation system including the\rconversion of 10 private households and two office-buildings as well as a biogasplant\rand a constructed wetland in Berlin-Stahnsdorf.\rIt was the aim of the SCST-project to demonstrate the feasibility of an\ralternative sanitation system working with separation toilets. Apart from the\rtechnical questions to be answered it was necessary to know how urine and\rfaeces are to be used in agriculture. The following four questions point out the\raspects which needed to be investigated in detail:\r1. How are the fertilising effects of urine und faeces compared to\rconventional mineral fertiliser?\r2. What impact has urine to soil organisms?\r3. How much gaseous nitrogen is lost after application?\r4. Would farmers and consumers accept urine as fertiliser?\rIn this report you will find the four mentioned aspects investigated. This was\rdone by carrying out laboratory or field experiments as well as acceptance\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "SCST Final Report Task 8 – Fertiliser usage – Muskolus, Humboldt University of Berlin\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "9" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "- 4 -\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "studies for each of them accordingly. You will find a detailed description of the\rmethods and materials used as well as the results and statistical evaluation as\rappropriate.\rRegardless of the advantages possibly reached by a treatment of urine in the\rpresented studies it was assumed that pure urine was used. It is still not known\rwhat kind of processing is suitable to reduce the water content of urine or any\runwanted substances and whether the energy input during the treatment is\rjustifiable or not. 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Karolinenhöhe, the Berlin Water Company (Berliner\rWasserbetriebe) started in 1990 an ecological passable and water economical\rreasonable cultivation of an old wastewater irrigation field. After a period of 10\ryears of operation the functional capability and the efficiency is assed.\rIn the first aquifer a hydrodynamic impact by the trickled water could be proved in\rthe measuring facilities and certified by modelling. Altogether the application of the\radvanced treated wastewater stabilized the water balance and therefore the basis\rflow of the river Havel. Especially admissions during the low water periods\r(summer and autumn) counteract the low water level in the surface water by a\rraised basis discharge.\rSince 1990 the ecological status of the first aquifer of the wastewater irrigation\rfield is clearly improved. 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In the second aquifer the\rparameter boron and phosphate improved from 1990 to April 2002. For the other\rparameters a diffuse basis load remained.\rThe admission of the advanced treated water has a positive effect to the quality of\rthe groundwater compared to the initial situation. The concentration of most of the\rparameters regressed. Just the concentration of potassium (in the first and second\raquifer) and of AOX (in the first aquifer) stayed almost constant because of the\rinput. There are no risks by continuing applications. There is a degradation of the\rnitrogen compounds due of the soil passage of the water and a dilution by the\rnatural groundwater recharge. Therefore the receiving water bodies are less\rpolluted compared to a direct discharge (exception potassium). A clear\rimprovement is reached for the river Havel. The retention time of the water in the\runderground passage is very long because of the great depth of the groundwater\rlevel. 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Unter welchen Umständen ist ihre Elimination sicher?" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "345-354" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "50" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cyanobacteria, microcystin, bank filtration, adsorption, biodegradation." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cyanobacterial toxins are toxic substances\rproduced by cyanobacteria or blue-green-algae.\rThe can occur in surface waters wordwide and\rhave to be removed sufficiently when using\rinfested surface waters as drinking water\rsource. Bank filtration has been used since 150\ryears for drinking water (pre-)treatment and\rutilizes natural elimination processes like\rsorption and degardation in the sub-surface.\rDuring several research projects the German\rFederal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt,\rUBA) carried out field investigations and\rexperiments in different scales in order to\rassess under which conditions secure elimination\rof microcystins (the most common group of\rcyanobacterial toxins) takes place.\rFiltration of cells on the sediment surface is\rthe most prominent process for eliminating the\rprimarily cell-bound toxins. Middle to coarsly\rgrained sands eliminated more than 99.9 % of\rintracellular toxins within the first 10\rcentimeters. Elimination of extracellular microcystin during\runderground passage is mainly due to\rbiodegradation. Reversible adsorption processes\rdo not reduce the total load but lead to longer\rcontact times for extended biodegradation.\rLaboratory experiments showed that high clay and\rsilt content is crucial for maximum adsorption.\rHowever, redox conditions play an important role\rfor degradation rates: under aerobic conditions\rhalf lives of less than one day occured\rfrequently whereas anoxic conditions resulted in\rlag phases of one day and more as well as in\rhalf lives of up to 25 days. Field experiments\rcould show that temperature is crucial for\rdegradation velocity under natural conditions.\r " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gruetzmacher et al - Bundesgesundheitsblatt 2007 - Cyanobakterientoxine-2364240896/Gruetzmacher et al - Bundesgesundheitsblatt 2007 - Cyanobakterientoxine bei der Uferfiltration..pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num` #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style #> $xml$records$record$`electronic-resource-num`$style[[1]] #> [1] "DOI 10.1007/s00103-007-0161-6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "101" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "101" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grünheid, S. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Huebner, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Impact of temperature on biodegradation of bulk and trace organics during soil passage in an indirect reuse system" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "6th IWA Specialist Conference on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Sustainability" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "DOC" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "bank filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "trace pollutants" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "temperature, soil column" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Antwerp, Belgium" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Investigations on the behavior of bulk organics and trace organic compounds in a temperated soil\rcolumn system are reported. Objective of the research was to assess the importance of temperature\rfor the degradation of bulk and trace organics. The analysis of the bulk organic behavior showed a\rfast mineralization of easy degradable organic carbon in the first few centimeters of the columns,\rwhich does not seem to be temperature-dependent. Along the further infiltration path an influence\rof the different temperatures on the bioactivity was clearly visible. However, a significant increase\rof mineralization potential of bulk organic compounds with increasing temperature was shown.\rThe monitoring of the single organic pollutants Iopromide, Sulfamethoxazole and\rnaphthalenedisulfonic acids showed that temperature has an influence on the degradation behavior\rof the monitored compounds. In most cases higher temperatures increased the mineralization\rpotential." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gruenheid et al - IWA Specialist Conference on Wastewater Recla-3622118912/Gruenheid et al - IWA Specialist Conference on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Sustainability_2007.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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#> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, Regina" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Luedicke, Carsten" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vocks, Martin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, Boris" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Design criteria for semi-central sanitation with low pressure network and membrane bioreactor – the ENREM project" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "4th IWA International Membranes Conference" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> 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$xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environ Toxicology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environ Toxicology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "26-31" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "22" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "26" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "cylindrospermopsin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "lakes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "phytoplankton" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anabaena" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The frequent occurrence of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in the (sub)-tropics has been largely associated with cyanobacteria of the order\rNostocales of tropical origin, in particular Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. C. raciborskii is currently observed to spread northwards into temperate climatic zones. In addition, further cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales typically inhabiting water bodies in temperate regions are being identified as CYN-producers. Therefore, data on the distribution of CYN in temperate regions are necessary for a first assessment of potential risks due to CYN in water used for drinking and recreation. A total of 127 lakes situated in the northeastern part of Germany were investigated in 2004 for the presence of the toxin CYN and the phytoplankton composition. The toxin could be detected in half of the lakes (n ¼ 63) and in half of 165 samples (n ¼ 88). Concentrations reached up to 73.2 _g CYN/g DW. CYN thus proved more widely distributed than previously demonstrated. The analyses of phytoplankton data suggest Aphanizomenon sp. and Anabaena sp. as important CYN producers in Germany, and confirm recent findings of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae as CYN-producing species frequently inhabiting water bodies in temperate climatic regions. 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"100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://watergy2007-3939040001/watergy2007.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "TECHNEAU" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "43" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "43" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Carsten Bahr" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mathias Ernst" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Martin Jekel" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pilotuntersuchungen zur kombinierten oxidativ-biologischen Behandlung von Klärwerksabläufen für die Entfernung von organischen Spuren- und Wirkstoffen und zur Desinfektion" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "92" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2007" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Treated municipal wastewater may contain pathogenous micro-organisms and persistent trace organics leading to problems when being discharged into the surface waters. The investigations of the research project PILOTOX aimed at their elimination from treated municipal wastewater through subsequent oxidation by\rozone. For this purpose, the TU Berlin (department of Water Quality Control) in cooperation with the Berliner Wasserbetriebe at the WWTP Berlin-Ruhleben, carried\rout several tests with a pilot plant by the company WEDECO aiming at the ozonation of the effluent. The results show that ozonation is a suitable procedure to remove and transform respectively, substantial quantities of the pharmaceutical residues detected in the effluent of the Ruhleben WWTP and, at the same time, to achieve a germ reduction complying with the threshold values stipulated in the European directive on bathing water. It was found that many trace organics such as the anti-epilepticum carbamazepin or the hormone estron can be removed at a very low ozone dosage to below their analytic detection limit. The X-ray contrast media however, turned out to be more resistant: even at a high ozone dosage, their concentrations could be reduced only partially. In this context, the tests detected that through the combination of H2O2 and ozone, an elevated elimination rate for the substances iopamidol and iohexol can be achieved. The elimination of the analysed trace organics correlated with the decrease of the water’s UV activity. Thus, it is advisable to use the rapidly and simply traceable parameter SAK254 as process control parameter to determine the necessary ozone dosage. In addition, it could be proven that ozonation increases the biological degradability\rof water components. Laboratory test looking at recontamination levels however, indicate that the threshold values stipulated in the EU directive on bathing water\rwill not be exceeded if the ozone-treated effluent is mixed with water originating from the River Spree. A study regarding the water’s acute and chronic toxicity, to\rits gene toxicity and endocrine impacts, revealed that – compared to the untreated effluent - no eco-toxicological risk potential can be detected in the ozone-treated\rwater samples.The specific treatment cost covering the large-scale application of ozone treatment at the WWTP Ruhleben range between 1,0 cent/m3 and 2,2 cent/m3, of which the investment costs account for a percentage of 20-30 %." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Bahr et al., 2007 - PILOTOX, 92p-1352653313/Bahr et al., 2007 - PILOTOX, 92p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "PILOTOX" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zuehlke, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Duennbier, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Buisson, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Long term comparison of trace organics removal performances between conventional and membrane activated sludge processes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Environmental Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Environmental Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") 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membrane bioreactor (MBR), steroids" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dec 2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The removal of trace organic compounds through membrane bioreactors (MBR) in comparison to a conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in a long term study was investigated. Two MBR pilot plants were operated in parallel to a full-scale WWTP, fed with the same municipal raw waste water. Bulk organic parameters such as COD and TOC, high polar compounds (phenazone-type pharmaceuticals, their metabolites and carbamazepine), and less polar estrogenic steroids (estradiol, estrone and ethinylestradiol) were quantified. The removal rate of phenazone, propyphenazone and formylaminoantipyrine by the conventional WWTP was below 15 %. Significant higher removal rates (60-70 %) started to be clearly monitored with the pilot plants after about 5 months. The removal of the drug metabolite acetylaminoantipyrine during conventional treatment was below 30 % and reached 70 % in both pilot plant. Higher removal rates coincided here with higher temperatures at the summer time. Carbamazepine was not removed during conventional and membrane activated sludge treatment.The conventional WWTP removed in average more than 90 % of the natural steroids estrone and estradiol and about 80 % of the synthetic ethinylestradiol. The elimination of estradiol and estrone by the MBR processes were of about 99 % and Ethinylestradiol was removed by about 95 %." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Zuehlke, 2006 - Long term -3521381888/Zuehlke, 2006 - Long term comparison of trace organics removal performances between conventional and membrane activated sludge processes, 7p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiese, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nützmann, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Birgit Fritz et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" 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$xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Spatially and temporally scaled inverse hydraulic modelling, multi tracer transport modelling and interaction with geochemical processes at a highly transient bank filtration site" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "233" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bank filtration, groundwater model, inverse modelling, Tegel water works" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rücker, Jacqueline" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stüker, Anke" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fastner, Jutta" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chorus, Ingrid" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nixdorf, Brigitte" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Seasonal dynamics of cylindrospermopsin and cyanobacteria in two German lakes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "FEMS Microbiology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "FEMS Microbiology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "30" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "freshwater ecology, shallow lakes, phytoplankton, Nostocales, Aphanizomenon gracile" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a potent hepatotoxin produced by different cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales, which is widely distributed in freshwaters and considered a hazard to wildlife and humans. In Europe, only Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is identified as CYN producer so far and the seasonal variability of CYN was not studied yet. Therefore, we studied the seasonal dynamics of the particulate and dissolved CYN concentrations in relation to the cyanobacterial occurrence and environmental factors in two German lakes over two years. Total CYN reached maximum concentrations of 0.34 and 1.80 µg L-1 in Melangsee and Langer See, respectively. In both lakes, the dissolved CYN fraction peaked after the particulate fraction, and reached higher values indicating that CYN is poorly decomposed and accumulates in the water. The cyanobacterial community was very diverse in both lakes, including potentially CYN producing species\rsuch as Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaena bergii and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. However, these species could be excluded as the major CYN\rproducers. The stronges significant correlation was found for Aphanizomenon gracile and CYN, strongly indicating that the species is the main CYN producer in Langer See. CYN was also correlated with Planktothrix agardhii in Langer See and Pseudanabaena limnetica in Melangsee, but species of the order scillatoriales are not known to produce CYN. In Melangsee the CYN producer could not be identified. Different correlations of CYN with abiotic factors in the two lakes indicate the presences of further undetected CYN producers as well as different regulation mechanisms of their dynamic and the variability of CYN." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Wiedner_FEMS Microbiology-3451523840/Wiedner_FEMS Microbiology.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "CYLIN" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "359" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "359" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Varbanets, Maryna " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pronk, Wouter " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Point-of-use membrane systems: place in the world of water supply" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub` #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style #> $xml$records$record$`orig-pub`$style[[1]] #> [1] "1 Introduction 4\r2 Situations Where POU systems are relevant 6\r2.1 Developing countries 6\r2.1.1 Water quality problems 6\r2.1.2 Rural communities of developing countries 8\r2.1.3 Urban and peri-urban areas of developing countries 9\r2.2 Transition countries. Case of Post Soviet Union Region 10\r2.2.1 Rural areas of transition countries 10\r2.2.2 Urban areas of transition countries 11\r2.3 Special cases 11\r2.3.1 Regions affected by disasters 11\r2.3.2 Specific contamination 12\r2.4 Developed countries 12\r3 SOLUTIONS 13\r3.1 Solutions developed by the population 13\r3.2 Current general trends in solving the problems 15\r3.2.1 Decentralization 15\r3.2.2 Decentralization of water treatment (dual water treatment) 16\r3.2.3 Dual water supply 16\r3.2.4 Alternative water resources: rainwater harvesting 16\r3.2.5 Bottled water 17\r4 Household point-of-use systems 18\r4.1 Purposes and benefits of POU systems 18\r4.2 POU systems for rural areas of developing countries (choice of WHO) 18\r4.2.1 Boiling or heating with fuel 19\r4.2.2 Solar disinfection by the combined action of heat and UV radiation 19\r4.2.3 UV disinfection with lamps 20\r4.2.4 Chlorination and storage 21\r4.2.5 Combined systems of chemical coagulation-filtration and chlorine disinfection 21\r4.3 POU systems for urban and peri-urban areas 22\r4.3.1 Filtration. Porous ceramic filters 23\r4.3.2 Adsorption 23\r4.4 POU systems, widely applied in developed countries 23\r4.5 Comparison of household treatment methods used in both developing and\rdeveloped countries 24\r4.6 Membrane based POU/POE systems 26\r4.6.1 RO and NF 27\r4.6.2 UF and MF 27\r4.6.3 Market overview: developed countries 28\r4.6.4 Ultrafiltration POU or small scale units in developed and developing countries 29\r4.6.5 Specific contaminations 31\r4.6.6 Alternative energy sources 31\r4.6.7 Medium to large- scale membrane systems with solar energy supply 32\r4.6.8 Small scale membrane systems with alternative energy supply 33\r5 Discussion 35\r5.1 System requirements 35\r5.2 Costs 36\r5.3 Situations where POU membrane based systems are relevant 36\r5.4 Application of membrane POU systems: Research and development needs 38\r6 Conclusions 40\r7 References 41" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Access to microbiologically and chemically safe water is limited not only in developing countries, but also in transition Countries and even in remote areas of some developed countries. For these cases, point-of-use (POU) technologies can be promising alternatives to centralized treatment concepts. Membrane-based treatment systems have gained importance for drinking water treatment in the developed countries and can be considered as the dominant technology for new applications at present. Due to the high retention of pathogens and the possibility of downscaling (modular construction) membrane technology seems to be attractive also for application as POU system in developing and transition countries. However, no scientific publications on such systems are available and application is limited.\rTherefore we conducted an extensive literature and state-of-the art review to evaluate relevance, current use and the research and development needs of membrane-based POU systems in developing and transition countries.\rPOU technologies are widely being used to produce safe and high quality drinking water in rural areas of industrialized countries, where access to centralized supply is not available, or for additional treatment of tap water. However, the cost level of POU systems applied in industrialized countries is in general not acceptable in other cases. Therefore simple low cost systems were developed and applied in developing and transition countries. In a range of case studies, described in literature, these systems show themselves as an appropriate short term solution, but often fail to provide improved access to necessary amounts of safe water. Economical growth of developing and transition countries leads to increasing public concern, affordability and requires long term sustainable solutions of the drinking water problem. Membrane-based POU/POE systems are especially attractive for application in developing and transition countries while they can provide high removal of bacteria, protozoa and viruses, have modular design and can be operated with a range of different energy sources, including mechanical and hydrodynamic energy. But, for their application in developing and transition areas, the cost level is in general not acceptable. Furthermore, the source water quality is often very low and can differ regionally as well as seasonally, and the POU/POE systems should be able to treat this kind of waters. Another critical factor in transition and especially in developing countries is the maintenance and control. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Beck, Martin " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Quesada, Antonio " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sukenik, Assaf " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "K. 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attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nixdorf, Brigitte" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Karsten, Ulf" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiedner, Claudia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Distribution of three alien cyanobacterial species (Nostocales) in northeast Germany: Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaena bergii and Aphanizomenon aphanizomenoides" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phycologia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phycologia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "45" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "696" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anabaena bergii, Aphanizomenon aphanizomenoides, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Freshwater ecology, Cyanobacteria, Invasive species, Geographical distribution" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is considered a cyanobacterium of tropical origin and an alien species to temperate waters. However, it has been detected as far north as northern Germany. While previous studies have shown that all isolated German C. raciborskii strains are hepatotoxic, little is known about the spatial occurrence and relative frequency of this species in temperate Germany. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution and relative frequency of C. raciborskii close to its northernmost distribution limit, to characterise the habitat in which it is most likely to occur in this climatic zone and to search for any other neocyanobacterial species that might be present in German waters but has so far been overlooked. One hundred forty-two water bodies in northeast Germany were sampled from June until September 2004. All cyanobacteria species were analysed qualitatively and semiquantitatively. Besides C. raciborskii, two additional neocyanobacterial species were detected: Anabaena bergii and Aphanizomenon aphanizomenoides. For both taxa, these findings represent their northernmost occurrence and their first report from German waters. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was present in 27%, Anabaena bergii in 9% and phanizomenon aphanizomenoides in 7% of the samples. The occurrence of each species was analysed in relation to maximum lake depth, Secchi depth, lake volume and lake surface area. All three species were present in a wide range of habitats, but C. raciborskii and Anabaena bergii occurred significantly more\roften in shallow, turbid waters than in deep, transparent water bodies. None of the parameters investigated were significantly correlated with the occurrence of\rAphanizomenon aphanizomenoides. In conclusion, alien thermophilic cyanobacterial species are much more widely distributed in temperate Germany than previously known. 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$xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "7th International Conference on Urban Drainage Modelling and 4th International Conference on Water Sensitive Urban Design" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integrated modelling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "pumping station" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "pressure mains" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "sewerage" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "simulation" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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April 2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Melbourne, Australia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The use of numerical models has become state of the art in planning, designing and analysing the urban sewage system. To evaluate the functioning of a complete system and to study the interaction of its subsystems integrated models can be used, incorporating catchment area, collection system, wastewater treatment plant and also receiving water and groundwater body. The paper introduces a structured, problem-oriented methodology for the setup of integrated models. Considering the case study of Berlin the introduced approach is illustrated. An emphasis is placed on the necessity for the selection of adequate model components. In Berlin this aspect is of particular importance for the modelling of wastewater transport through pressure mains that is governed predominantly by pump stations. Finally, the use of the Berlin model for the evaluation of a global pump station control concept is presented. 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#> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Amy, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schrotter, J.-C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Impact of colloidal and soluble organic material on membrane performance in membrane bioreactors for municipal waste water treatment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "710-720" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "40" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Membrane bioreactor, Fouling, Organic substances, Solutes, SEC, Polysaccharides" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "20.11.2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Two parallel membrane bioreactors (2m³ each) were operated over a period of 2 years. Both pilots were optimised for nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological phosphorous elimination, treating identical municipal waste water under comparable operating conditions. The only constructional difference between the pilots was the position of the denitrification zone (pre-denitrification in pilot 1 and post-denitrification in pilot 2). Despite identical modules and conditions, the two MBRs showed different permeabilities and fouling rates. The differences were not related to the denitrification scheme. In order to find an explanation for the different membrane performances, a one-year investigation was initiated and the membrane performance as well as the operating regime and characteristics of the activated sludge were closely studied. MLSS concentrations, solid retention time, loading rates, and filtration flux were found not to be responsible for the different performance of the submerged modules. These parameters were kept identical in the two pilot plants. Instead, the non-settable fraction of the sludges (soluble and colloidal material, i.e. polysaccharides, proteins and organic colloids) was found to impact fouling and to cause the difference in membrane performance between the two MBR. This fraction was analysed by spectrophotometric and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) methods. In a second step, the origin of these substances was investigated. The results point to microbiologically produced substances such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or soluble microbial product." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Rosenber-2512870144/Rosenberger, 2006 - Impact of colloidal and soluble organic material on membrane performance in membrane bioreactors for municipal waste water treatment, 11p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "281" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "281" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Remy, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ruhland, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ecological assessment of alternative sanitation concepts with Life Cycle Assessment" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "196" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technische Universität Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The goal of this study is the identification of ecological advantages and disadvantages of\ralternative sanitation systems in comparison to conventional wastewater treatment. The\rmethodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is adopted as an evaluation tool for the\recological assessment of various sanitation scenarios for a hypothetical middle-sized\rsettlement in Germany (ca 5000 inhabitants). The scenarios include a reference system with\rconventional drainage and treatment in an activated sludge plant with anaerobic sludge\rdigestion and sewage gas production. In the alternative scenarios, urine is source-separated in\rthe toilet, collected and applied as fertilizer. Faeces are either collected by gravity drainage\rand composted together with biowaste or collected by a vacuum system and co-digested with\rbiowaste to gain biogas for energy production. The remaining greywater is treated in a soil\rfilter or in a technical plant (Sequencing batch reactor).\rAll relevant processes of the investigated scenarios are modelled in detail for the Life Cycle\rInventory, based on data from pilot plants and literature. This implies the processing of the\rdifferent waste fractions, transport and energy supply, mineral fertilizer substitution, and\rsludge incineration. Beside the operational expenditures, the construction phase is included\rwith material and energy demands. The resulting substance flow model is evaluated with a set\rof environmental indicators relating to the demand of energy, non-renewable resources,\rclimate change, eutrophication, acidification, and various toxicity potentials.\rAs a result, the alternative scenarios cause less environmental burden in almost all impact\rcategories. The source-separation of human excreta disburdens the wastewater treatment\rprocess and lowers nutrient emissions into surface waters. The secondary fertilizer from urine\rand faeces has lower heavy metal content than an average mineral fertilizer. Depending on the\rsystem configuration, alternative sanitation systems can have a lower demand for fossil fuels\rand subsequently cause fewer emissions of climate-active gases. Only the increased emission\rof acidifying gases represents a considerable drawback compared to the conventional system.\rA normalisation of all indicators to the average environmental burden of a single person in\rGermany reveals that the decisive categories for the overall comparison are related to\reutrophication, acidification, and terrestrial ecotoxicity. Energy-related indicators have a\rsmaller contribution, but they can be important in terms of world-wide scarce fossil resources\rand climate change. The advantages of alternative sanitation systems can only be realized if\rthe secondary functions of mineral fertilizer substitution and energy supply are fully utilized.\rImportant key parameters for future LCA studies of alternative sanitation systems are\ridentified, which may simplify the data acquisition. The construction phase has only a minor\rrelevance for the ecological assessment and may therefore be neglected in future studies. In\rall, the data quality of this LCA study can be further improved, because many processes of\ralternative systems have not yet been investigated or realized in full-scale. Hence, the\rdevelopment of a universal decision support method could not be realized in a reasonable way\rdue to the lack of adequate long-term process data and the high influence of case-specific\rboundary conditions on the technical implementation. However, this LCA study gives a first\rassessment of potential ecological benefits and drawbacks of alternative sanitation systems." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://kompetenz-wasser.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/forschung/scst/SCST_LCA_Final_Report_Task_5__TUB__Remy_22.8.2007_.pdf" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://SCST_LCA_Final_Report_Task_5__TUB__Remy_22.8.2007_-2722050048/SCST_LCA_Final_Report_Task_5__TUB__Remy_22.8.2007_.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tag der Hydrologie, München 2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Extremniederschlag, Abflusssteuerung, Datenanalyse" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "München" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" 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attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "31" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "31" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Asaf Pekdeger" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gudrun Massmann" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bettina Ohm" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gunnar Nützmann" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Katharina Kutz" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Uwe Hübner" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Carola Jacobs " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ingrid Chorus" #> #> attr(,"face") 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Erika Pawlowsky-Reusing" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kai Schroeder " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ilka Meier " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "René Mannel " #> #> 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$xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The development of the integrated control of sewage network and wastewater treatment plant has progressed during the last decade. Nevertheless, an operational\rimplementation of the concepts for huge, complex systems has hardly been realised. That was an obvious reason to initiate the project \"Integrated Sewage\rManagement (ISM)\". The ISM project aimed at the development of strategies for an integrated management of the Berlin sewage system consisting of sewer networks (both, combined and separate system), pump stations, pressure mains and wwtp. For these purposes a numerical model of the collection system has been built up. Those catchments have been chosen that have a significant quantity of wastewater and are connected to at least one of the three main wastewater treatment plants of Berlin (Ruhleben, Waßmannsdorf and Schönerlinde). \rTo enable an evaluation of total emissions it was necessary to incorporate not only\rcatchment area and collection system but also the wwtp into the model. Furthermore, the Berlin specific transport of wastewater through pressure mains had\rto be considered. Both, advective pollutant transport and the limiting pressure situation had to be taken into account. An integrated model of collection system,\rpressure mains and wwtp has been set up for the catchment of wwtp Ruhleben for the study of a global control concept. \rThose processes that were of particular importance for the control concepts or had a significant influence on the criteria (derived from the objectives) had to be simulated adequately. Hence, for the Berlin model the main attention was paid to an accurate reproduction of in-pipe storage activation and the transport of wastewater through the pressure pipes. A sufficient set of data was available to model the system structure. For process parameter estimation the necessary information was taken from the operational SCADA system. Some gaps in the data could be closed by additional measurement campaigns (Bln VII, 2001; Bln X, 2002; Heiligensee, 2003). For modelling the collection system the dynamic flow routing model InfoWorks CS of Wallingford Software Limited has been chosen due to its user-friendliness (window navigation, GIS) and comprehensiveness (pollutant load calculation, long-time simulation, spatial rainfall distribution, rtc module). A suitable approach to the simulation of the Berlin pressure mains was found to be based on EPANET 2 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The software SIMBA® 5 of ifak System GmbH has been used to simulate the dynamic treatment processes. For the activated sludge conversion part the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM 1) has been used. The three models have been coupled in sequence on the basis of simple input and output files.\rFurther on, in the framework of three sub studies the ISM model has been applied to operational questions. The applicability of the ISM model for the assessment of the impact of the NPA control on the wwtp was tested. NPA stands for “new pump automatic (Neue Pumpen Automatik)” and signifies a control concept that is implemented in the framework of the LISA project (BWB). The inflow to wwtp Schönerlinde has been simulated for one rain event and the NPA control of the pump stations could be simulated well on the basis of the InfoWorks rtc module.\rFurthermore, the ISM model has been applied to evaluate a concept for a level dependant real-time control (Pegelgesteuerte Förderstromregelung) of sewage pump stations. The idea of the concept was to build an easy function that allowed continuously varying the pumpage and implicitly managing available inline storage capacities within the trunk sewers. The objective was to smooth the delivery towards the treatment plant to avoid peak loads. The evaluation showed that it is possible to manage available inline storage volume by applying the control function. But only if there is an adequate retention volume of around 60.0 m³/ha Aimp or more a significant improvement of the flow characteristic towards the wwtp is possible. Consequently, in Berlin only two catchments have the potential for the introduced control concept (Charlottenburg III und Ruhleben). \rFinally, the effects and the benefit from global pump station control in comparison to local control have been studied on the basis of the integrated model. The assessment of the Berlin drainage system that was carried out before arrived at the conclusion that there is a high potential for the control of the total system. The positive rating can partly be ascribed to the high storage volume that can be activated within the trunk sewers and the high number of pump stations that are used as actuators. However, this potential is already used by locally controlling the pump stations and storing sewage in the collectors. The potential of a global control of sewage pump stations arises from the non-uniform distribution of rainfall and the non-uniform distribution of storage volumes over the system. Those conditions usually lead to a non-uniform utilisation of storage capacities and further on to sewer overflows that cannot be balanced by local control.\rA look on the simulated total emissions showed that concerning discharged quantities the load from the wwtp is highly dominant, since most of the time (under\rdry weather conditions) wwtp effluents are the only impact on the receiving water. Furthermore, the global control concept only works during rain situation and does\rnot have an influence on dry weather effluents. Consequently, the influence of global control on yearly total emissions is marginal. Nevertheless, it could be shown\rthat global control can avoid peak load situations at the inflow to the wwtp and consequently reduce peak loads in the effluent. \rThe control concepts had a significant influence on the emissions from combined sewer overflows. The reduction of sewer overflows plays a prominent role since they present a highly dynamic impact on the water body. The simulations showed that on average during periods of cso 2.5 t COD/h enter the receiving water. Compared to that load the continuous impact from the wwtp effluent was only 0.4 t COD/h. Moreover, due to the high fraction of biodegradable organic substrate the impact from combined sewer overflows is of special relevance. In contrary to the refractory COD from wwtp effluents, 60 % of the COD from combined sewer overflows are biodegradable leading to extreme oxygen depletion within the receiving water. \rIt could be shown that under current conditions at the wwtp (rain weather capacity of wwtp Ruhleben = 6700 l/s) a local control (= local automation) of the pump stations has an adverse effect on the performance of the sewage system. In contrary to an optimum coordination of the pump stations local control leads to an overloading of the wwtp and an increase of emissions from combined sewer overflows by 9 % (volume), 15 % (COD) and 20 % (TKN). Due to that reason the current operation provides for manual interventions in case of rain events to coordinate the delivery of the pump stations. This necessity will persist under the LISA automation. Assuming a future upgrade of wwtp Ruhleben and an increase in rain weather capacity up to 7650 l/s, global pump station control will result in cso emissions that are 19 % (volume), 20 % (COD) and 25 % (TKN) below that under local control (= local automation). \rThe major deliverable of the ISM project is the model for the Berlin collection system (18 combined and 29 separate sewer systems that are connected to the three main wastewater treatment plants Ruhleben, Waßmannsdorf and Schönerlinde). The further application and maintenance of the sewer model will take place at BWB, department NA-G. The scope of studies that will be supported by the model covers operational planning as well as general, conceptual and investment planning (storage optimisation, problem of parasite water). \rConcerning the implementation of the global control concept that has been developed in the framework of the ISM project first tests shall be carried out in 2006\rand 2007. Therefore, the follow-up project EVA (Entscheidungshilfesystem zur Verbundsteuerung von Abwasserpumpwerken / Decision support system for global\rcontrol of sewage pump stations) was planned at KWB to enable support and a further cooperation between KWB and BWB.\rThe algorithm has to be adapted to the operational and technical boundary conditions and a detailed practical planning in terms of control engineering has to be\rcarried out. The main prerequisite for an implementation of the introduced control concept is the technical ability of the pump stations to increase delivery beyond the value of 2 * Qd,16. Simultaneously, an authorisation is necessary to introduce a flexible regulation of the pump station’s rain weather delivery off the value of 2 *\rQd,16 as demanded nowadays by the Berlin water authority. 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" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Szewzyk, U. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dworak, V." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schulze, D. 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Um dem rechtzeitig entgegenwirken zu können, müssen solche Belagsbildungen frühzeitig erkannt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde eine neuentwickelte optische Messsonde von 3 in Berlin ansässigen Industriepartnern in Zusammenarbeit mit der TU-Berlin auf die praktische Eignung für die Detektion von Biofilmen, und damit hinsichtlich ihres Einsatzpotentials in der Wasserwirtschaft untersucht. \rDer eingesetzte optische Sensor zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass gleichzeitig bis zu 4 verschiedene optische Parameter bei bis zu 4 verschiedenen Wellenlängen online erfasst werden können.\rIn den Experimenten wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen den Messsignalen und der Biofilmbildung dokumentiert, durch begleitende chemisch/physikalische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen verifiziert und erste Ansätze für den Einsatz einer solchen Sonde in wasserführenden Rohrsystemen erarbeitet.\r\rDie Versuche wurden in zwei Abschnitten durchgeführt, wobei jeweils ein durchströmter Rohrreakor zum Einsatz kam, der neben der Messsonde mit Referenzsonden ausgestattet war. Dadurch wurden zusätzliche Bewuchsflächen auf identischen optischen Fenstern geschaffen, die über einen längeren Zeitraum begleitend mikrobiologisch analysiert werden konnten.\r \rIm ersten Versuchsabschnitt wurde der Reaktor mit dem Ablauf der Kläranlage Ruhleben beschickt, um bei hoher Substratkonzentration in kurzer Zeit Informationen über das Ansprechverhalten der Messsonde zu erhalten und eine erste Abstimmung des optischen Systems vornehmen zu können. Zwischen dem gemessenen TOC und BDOC und der Zellzahlentwicklung (DAPI-Test) resultierten übereinstimmende Tendenzen, zwischen der Biofilmdicke und den optischen Parametern war eine grobe Korrelation erkennbar. \r\rIn den im zweiten Versuchsabschnitt mit Trinkwasser durchgeführten Experimenten korrelierten die mit dem Fouling-Sensor gemessen optischen Daten gut mit den Zellzahlen, die auf den optischen Fenstern der Referenzsonden gemessen wurden. Ein Vergleich der spektroskopischen Laboruntersuchungen von Ablaufproben des Reaktors mit den Messdaten der optischen Sonde lässt den Schluss zu, dass die dokumentierten optischen Messwerte tatsächlich durch Belagseinflüsse und nicht durch das Freiwasser bedingt sind.\r\rBei differenzierter Betrachtung der Ergebnisse korrelierten die Absorptionsdaten der Messsonde mit der mikrobiologisch gemessenen Zellzahlentwicklung in der Aufwuchsphase sehr gut, während die Streu- und Fluoreszenzparameter ein anderes dynamisches Verhalten zeigten. Schnelle Adsorptionsprozesse durch Wasserinhaltsstoffe wie z.B. Huminstoffe, die neben der relativ langsamen Zellvermehrung in der Aufwuchsphase charakteristisch sind, spiegelten sich besonders in einem relativ starken Anstieg des Fluoreszenzsignals wider.\rBei geänderten experimentellen Bedingungen, wie z.B. Temperatur oder Nährstoffangebot, zeigten die optischen Parameter Absorption, Streuung und Fluoreszenz ein unterschiedliches Verhalten, das auch von der gewählten Wellenlänge abhängig ist. Beispielsweise zeigte die Streuung im nahen Infrarotbereich (NIR) im Gegensatz zur bei unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen gemessenen UV-Streuung einen deutlichen Anstieg. Eine Unterbrechung der Nährstoffgabe hatte parallel zu einer leichten Abnahme der Zellzahl auch eine leichte Abnahme der optischen Streuungs- und Absorptionsparameter zur Folge.\r\rIn den Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass der eingesetzte optische Sensor ein großes Potenzial bei der Erfassung von Biofoulingprozessen besitzt, wobei die Messung mehrerer optischer Parameter bei unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen erforderlich ist.\rDiese ersten Untersuchungen zeigten auch sehr deutlich, dass hinsichtlich der Interpretation der gewonnenen Daten noch nicht alle Möglichkeiten des Sensors ausgeschöpft sind. So lassen die gemessenen Daten vermuten, dass mit den optischen Parametern weitere biochemische Parameter, wie zum Beispiel NAD/NADH, erfasst wurden, womit ein sehr guter Hinweis auf die Stoffwechselaktivität der Zellen im Biofilm gegeben wäre.\r\rUm der Wasserwirtschaft ein geeignetes Werkzeug zur Verfügung stellen zu können, müssen die bisherigen Ergebnisse bestätigt werden. Insbesondere ist zu zeigen, inwieweit beginnende und fortgeschrittene Stadien von Foulingprozessen in verschiedenen und komplexen Medien sicher erkannt und dokumentiert werden können. Außerdem müssen Zusammenhänge zwischen den optischen Parametern und den unterschiedlichen Vorgängen während der Biofilmbildung im Detail erfasst werden, um Algorithmen und Kalibrierfunktionen zu entwickeln, die für die Steuerung von Antifoulingmaßnahmen in der praktischen Wasserwirtschaft nutzbar sind." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`work-type` #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style #> $xml$records$record$`work-type`$style[[1]] #> [1] "KWB report" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://3521971630/Mittenzwey et al., 2006 - Biosens, XXp_fin1006.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> 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However, even with submerged modules which offer the lowest costs, the membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology remains in most cases more expensive than conventional activated sludge processes. In addition, the European municipal MBR market is to date a duopoly of two non-European producers, despite many initiatives to develop local MBR filtration systems. The proposed AMEDEUS research project aims at tackling both issues of accelerating the development of competitive European MBR filtration technologies, as well as increasing acceptance of the MBR process through decreased capital and operation costs. The project targets the two market segments for MBR technology in Europe: the construction of small plants (semi-central, 50 to 2,000 population equivalent or p.e., standardized and autonomous), and the medium-size plants (central, up to 100.000 p.e.) for plant upgrade. Technological development of new MBR systems is fostered by a consortium composed of 12 partners (see Table below), of which five small and medium enterprises (SMEs) proposing novel concepts of low-cost and high-performance filtration systems. Two end-users, three non-profit research institutions and two universities, all of them well versed in research and development (R&D) in the MBR field, have been investigating for one year solutions to reduce operational costs such as fouling control, membrane cleaning optimisation and aeration decrease, or to optimise capital costs through improved implementation of membrane bioreactor process. Furthermore, an analysis of the potential for standardisation has been performed, and a technology transfer towards Southern, Central and Eastern Europe will be organised in order to facilitate the penetration of these new markets. AMEDEUS aims to achieve concrete and realistic technological breakthroughs for the MBR technology, and to improve the current process engineering and operation practices. 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[1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Four international projects subsidised by the European Commission should push forward the development and application of membrane bioreactor processes in the municipal wastewater sector." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Lesjean, 2006 - MBR Technology gets timely EU cash boost, 4p-2588179457/Lesjean, 2006 - MBR Technology gets timely EU cash boost, 4p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "AMEDEUS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Boris Lesjean" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Regina Gnirss" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Technical interim report 2006 - Enhanced Nutrients Removal in Membrane Bioreactor (ENREM)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "41" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "membrane activated sludge, membrane bioreactor (MBR), semi-central treatment, remote catchment, periurban zone, sensitive area, bathing water, nitrification, denitrification, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), disinfection" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The ENREM project aims at demonstrating a novel wastewater treatment process based on the technology of membrane bioreactor (MBR), set up in a configuration to enable enhanced biological elimination of nutrients. A new plant, and the related sewer system, was built in a unsewered periurban area of Berlin. The plant is to be operated over more than one year, and the process to be optimised. Performances and costs of the treatment system will be then assessed for the size 250 – 10,000pe, corresponding to semi-central schemes. The plant was started on 28 February 2006 with 8 month delay on the program identified in the LIFE proposal. As a consequence, a project extension request of 8 months will be lodged, in order to match the initial duration of 18 months for the optimisation, evaluation and dissemination phase. This delay incidentally caused also a 6 month delay for the preparation of this Interim Report. Despite these aspects, the management of the project has been achieved according to the organisation identified in the LIFE proposal. Annex 7.1 presents and discusses the key deliverables and milestones depending on the LIFE proposal and the current status. In relation to the technical content, Task 2 “Site and process definition” and Task 4 “Detailed design” were completed early 2005. Task 3 “Preliminary testing on representative site” was completed in September 2005 and enabled to validate the design, operation and start-up criteria of the MBR demonstration plant. The public tenders for the construction of the sewer network and the MBR container unit occurred during the first semester of 2005, and the construction of the scheme was completed by end 2006. In parallel, the required legal permits were acquired (for plant construction & operation, water discharge), as well as the parcel hosting the treatment unit. A relationship with the inhabitants of Margaretenhöhe was maintained in order to ensure a smooth construction phase, and a quick connection to the new sewer system. The dissemination activities covered several communication vectors (Tri-lingual website www.kompetenz-wasser.de, press-release and articles and bi-lingual KWB Newsletter, local press, scientific press, plant visits and inauguration, communication material etc). The project results will be widely communicated in the national and international medien, and a final project workshop will be organised in June 2007. The main task in 2006 will be the operation, optimisation and technical / economical evaluation of the low sewer system and the MBR demonstration plant. So far, the budget is generally in line with the expectations, or slightly below. The project finances allow the project extension of 8 months, required to achieve all announced technical outcomes of the project. After the 8 month extension the final project budget is expected to remain about 20% below the planned proposal, i.e. approx. € 600,000 savings on the total budget should be recorded, corresponding to a subvention reduction of approx. € 100,000 (also close to 20% reduction)." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Lesjean, et al., 2006 - Interim report 2006 - Enhanced Nutrients Removal i-1599830784/Lesjean, et al., 2006 - Interim report 2006 - Enhanced Nutrients Removal in MBR (ENREM), 41p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ENREM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "López-Pila, ." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Szewzyk, R. 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M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nützmann, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "The Influence of Redox Conditions on Phage Transport - Enclosure Experiments and Modeling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Engineering Science" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Engineering Science" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "623-630" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "23" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "No 4" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "decay, degradation, sorption, redox conditions" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "To evaluate the potential hazard of a harmful substance on its pathway from a source to a sensitive site,\rit is important to know if degradation or reversible sorption is the dominant process. While, in case of\rdegradation, mass is removed from the system, in the case of reversible sorption the transport is only retarded.\rA mathematical analytical concept is outlined, which can be applied to evaluate data from field\rexperiments, from technical and semitechnical facilities and from the laboratory. The concept is exemplified\ron a series of enclosure experiments performed with phages within a project investigating processes\rduring bank filtration. Results show that parameters are not constant in the experiments and indicate\ra significant influence of redox conditions on both retardation and deactivation rates. 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2005 - On the construction of flowpath vector fields-2110455296/Holzbecher - 2005 - On the construction of flowpath vector fields.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "116" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "116" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Holzbecher, Ekkehard" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Calculating the effect of natural attenuation during bank filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Computers & Geosciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Computers & Geosciences" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "1451-1460" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "32" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "1451" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hydrogeology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Numerical model" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water supply" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "FEMLAB" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "A modelling concept is presented that enables a quantitative\revaluation of transport and natural attenuation processes\rduring bank filtration. The aim is to identify ranges of degradation\rrates for which bank filtration is effective or ineffective.\rSuch modelling should accompany experimental work, as\rotherwise the meaning of determined degradation rates for a\rfield situation remains uncertain. The presented concept is a\rcombination of analytical and numerical methods, solving\rdifferential equations directly for the steady state. It is\rimplemented using FEMLABs code and demonstrates a typical\ridealized situation with a single well near a straight bank\rboundary. The method can be applied to confined, to unconfined\rand to partially confined/unconfined aquifers and may be\rextended for applications in more complex situations, including\ra clogging layer, galleries of pumping and recharge wells, etc." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Holzbecher, E. - CompGeo 2006 - Calculating the effect of natural attenuation duri-3894900993/Holzbecher, E. - CompGeo 2006 - Calculating the effect of natural attenuation during.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> 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$xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hoffmann, Anja" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gunkel, Guenter" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fritz et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Physicochemical changes in pore water in the sandy littoral zone of Lake Tegel during bank filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> 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attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11–16 June 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "At Lake Tegel in Berlin, Germany, drinking water is produced by\rinduced bank filtration. Under such increased infiltration\rconditions, it is very important to understand the natural\rpurification processes in the upper littoral zone\r(sediment depth of about 0–30 cm) in order to maintain a high\rdrinking water quality.\rWe therefore analyzed the pore water and measured the redox\rpotential at Lake Tegel regularly to detect fluctuations\rin the concentrations of physicochemical parameters due to\rseasonal variations in the redox potential.\rThe redox potential is not only influenced by the biological activity\rof the interstitial biocoenosis, but also by\rhydraulic conditions that occasionally produce unsaturated zones\rleading to an intrusion of gaseous oxygen. The\rresult is an increase in the redox potential, which declines during\rthe summer due to intensive dissimilatory reduction\rand microbial activity, thus leading to distinctly anaerobic\rconditions. When this is the case, the oxygen\rsupplied by primary production and bioturbation cannot meet the\roxygen demand needed for the mineralization\rof organic material. Negative redox values (minimal –200 mV) are\raccompanied by increases in nitrite (max. conc.\r150 µg/L) and ammonium levels (max. conc. 0.45 mg/L), while the\rnitrate concentrations decreased (min. conc.\r0.2 mg/L). This indicates that processes such as denitrification\rand ammonification occur, and that, after depletion\rof free oxygen reserves, other electron acceptors, such as nitrate\rand also heavy metal ions (Fe3+), are used." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Hoffmann, A., Gunkel, G. - ISMAR 2005 - Physicochemical changes in pore water-2955175937/Hoffmann, A., Gunkel, G. - ISMAR 2005 - Physicochemical changes in pore water.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> 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$xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heberer, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fritz et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Occurrence, transport, attenuation and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment and their relevance for drinking water supply in urban areas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pharmaceuticals, EDCs, endocrine disrupters, bank filtration, risk assessment, drinking water" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11–16 June 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Residues of pharmaceuticals used in human medical care have\rrecently been detected as important trace contaminants\rof sewage, surface and groundwater. This paper compiles the\rrecent state of knowledge on the\roccurrence and fate of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic\renvironment of urban areas. Findings in sewage\reffluents, surface, ground, and drinking water at concentrations\rup to the µg/L-level have been reported and will\rbe discussed to demonstrate the impact of pharmaceutical\rresidues on the aquatic environment and on public\rwater supply. The efficiency of natural and technological\rprocesses such as bank filtration or membrane filtration\rfor the removal of pharmaceutical residues including estrogenic\rsteroids, analgesics, antibiotics, anti-epileptic\rdrugs, blood lipid regulators, and several drug metabolites will be\rpresented and discussed." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Heberer, T. - ISMAR 2005 - Occurrence, transport, attenuation-0706178049/Heberer, T. - ISMAR 2005 - Occurrence, transport, attenuation.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> 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"Ballot, Andreas " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Røberg, Kjetil " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Skulberg, Randi " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Beck, Martin " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiedner, Claudia " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Genetic characterisation of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) isolates from Africa and Europe." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Harmful Algae" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Harmful Algae" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "34" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "692" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Cylindrospermopsin, morphology, phylogeny, phylogeography" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The invasive cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is increasingly spreading to temperate freshwater habitats world wide and is of major concern due to its ability to produce potent toxins. It is therefore important to understand the mechanisms behind the dispersal of this species. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the phylogeography and mechanisms underlying the recent expansion of C. raciborskii into temperate latitudes, but there is still no conclusive evidence whether the obvious ecological success of C. raciborskii is due to selection mechanisms, physiological tolerance, climatic change or radiation after the last ice age. In this study, new isolates of C. raciborskii from Europe and Africa were genetically characterized by sequencing the ITS1, PC-IGS, nifH and rpoC1 genes and compared to corresponding sequences of C. raciborskii available in GenBank in order to test different phylogeographical hypotheses. The strains were also morphologically examined and screened for production of the hepatotoxic cylindrospermopsin (CYN). We clearly demonstrate that there are phylogenetic, morphological and toxicological differences between the isolated strains. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a clustering of the strains due to geographic origin. The ITS1 and nifH genes separated into American, European and Australian-African groups, whereas the PC-IGS and rpoC1\rseparated into American and European/Australian/African groups. Our findings do not strongly support any of the existing hypotheses on the phylogeography of C. raciborskii, and most likely a combination of these hypotheses is the best approach to understand the evolution and dispersal of this species." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Haande et al_Genetic characterisati-3675283713/Haande et al_Genetic characterisation of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) isolates from Africa and Europe.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "CYLIN" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gunkel, Guenter " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hoffmann, Anja " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fritz et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Clogging processes in a bank filtration system in the littoral zone of Lake Tegel (Germany)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bank filtration, clogging, hyporheic zone, interstices, littoral, meiofauna" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11–16 June 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Several physical, chemical and biological mechanisms play a role\rin the clogging of sediment interstices regularly\robserved in sand filter and infiltration basin systems. Whereas the\rhyporheic zone has been the focus of many\rinvestigations, little is known about the lenitic limnic zone, which is\rtypical in lowland areas with lakes and low\rflow rivers. One must assume that clogging is regulated by both\rthe build-up and the input of particulate organic\rmatter (POM).\rIn the present study, we collected samples from the littoral zone\rof Lake Tegel, Berlin, Germany, to analyze relevant\rcarbon turnover processes. High concentrations of POM were\rdetected in the upper sediment layer, with 3.4%\rds down to 20 centimeters depth. A very high biomass of\rinterstitial algae was found in the first 5 cm of sediment\r(25 µg Chl a per cm–3); this was 1000 times higher than in the\rlake water. The pore system of the sediment was\rfilled to about 50% with POM, and the algae volume comprised\rabout 25 % of POM. Only low amounts of POM were\rtransported from the lake water downwards into the interstices,\rand the transport of FPOM (a few centimeters per\rday) was much lower than the water flow (32–260 cm d–1). The\rDOC concentrations in lake water (~8 mg L–1) and\rinterstitial water (~6 mg L–1) were determined by the in situ\rbioactivity of interstitial organisms in addition to\rDOC input from lake water." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gunkel, G., Hoffmann, A. - ISMAR 2005 - Clogging processes-2836351745/Gunkel, G., Hoffmann, A. - ISMAR 2005 - Clogging processes.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "103" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "103" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, G. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wessel, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chorus, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bartel, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fritz et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Are there limits to cyanobacterial toxin (microcystin) elimination by sand passage?" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Microcystins, underground passage, worst case scenarios, field scale experiments" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11–16 June 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cyanobacterial toxins are substances produced by cyanobacteria\rthat occur in surface waters world wide. The\rmost common group of cyanobacterial toxins is the group of\rstructurally similar microcystins (MCYST).\rSand passage as used in slow sand filtration, artificial recharge\rand bank filtration has shown to be effective in\reliminating microcystins in many cases. For secure drinking water\rproduction from surface waters infested by\rmicrocystins removal has to be ensured in a wide variety of cases\rmet in the field.\rIt was therefore the aim of experiments in technical and semitechnical\rscale on the UBA’s experimental field in\rBerlin to test some worst case scenarios for the reliability of\rmicrocystin elimination during sand passage.\rExperiments were conducted with virgin sand (no previous\rcontact to MCYST) and high filtration rates as well as\runder anaerobic conditions. The results show that the greatest\rproblem for MCYST elimination can be found under\ranaerobic conditions as degradation is not complete and may\rlead to harmful residual concentrations." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gruetzmacher et al - ISMAR 2005 - Are there limits-2062548480/Gruetzmacher et al - ISMAR 2005 - Are there limits to cyanobacterial toxin (microcystin) elimination by sand passage.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "104" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "104" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, G. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wessel, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bartel, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chorus, I." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Holzbecher, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fritz et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "On the behaviour of microcystins in saturated porous medium" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Degradation rates, field scale experiments, kd-values, laboratory experiments, microcystins, underground passage" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11–16 June 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Microcystins (MCYST) are a group of toxic substances produced\rby cyanobacteria (‘blue-green-algae’). In case\rof cyanobacterial blooms microcystin concentrations in surface\rwaters may reach values far above the value\rproposed as provisional guideline for drinking water by the WHO\rof 1 µg/L for MCYST-LR. For drinking water\rproduction via underground passage it is therefore necessary to\rensure removal to a large extent.\rFor this reason experiments with extracellular microcystins were\rconducted in the laboratory as well as in a\rnatural setting on the UBA’s (German Federal Environmental\rAgency) experimental field for simulation of underground\rpassage.\rLaboratory batch experiments showed that adsorption of\rmicrocystins can be neglected in sandy material\r(kd < 1 cm³/g). Batch and column experiments identified\rbiodegradation as the predominant elimination process\rin these sediments. The degradation rates derived from laboratory\rcolumn experiments as well as semi-technical\rscale enclosure experiments varied between 0.2 d–1 and 18 d–1.\rIn the worst case this means a half life of\r2.8 days, so that under aerobic conditions contact times of\rseveral days should be sufficient to eliminate MCYST to\ran extent safe for use as drinking water." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gruetzmacher et al - ISMAR 2005 - On the behaviour of microcystins-2800989440/Gruetzmacher et al - ISMAR 2005 - On the behaviour of microcystins.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] 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"z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, Gesche" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bartel, Hartmut " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiese, Bernd " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fritz et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Simulating bank filtration and artificial recharge on a technical scale" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Artificial recharge, bank filtration, experiments, slow sand filtration, technical scale" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11–16 June 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The UBA’s experimental field on the outskirts of Berlin offers a\runique possibility of simulating bank filtration,\rartificial recharge and slow sand filtration on a technical scale.\rThe site consists of a storage reservoir (pond) with an adjacent\rartificial aquifer consisting of sand and gravel.\rAdditionally the surface water can be conducted into 4 infiltration\rbasins (two slow sand filters and two aquifer\rinfiltration ponds). Three enclosures as well as large scale\rcolumns can be used for shorter and longer term simulation\rof groundwater transport. The whole site is separated from the\rsurrounding aquifer by a layer of clay. A\rvariety of physico-chemical parameters can be measured\rcontinuously and observed online.\rThe travel times for the bank filtration passage determined by\rtracer experiments range from a few days to a\rmaximum of 3 weeks. In the enclosures, infiltration ponds and\rlarge scale columns contact time can be varied\rbetween a few hours up to 3 months." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gruetzmacher et al - ISMAR 2005 - Simulating bank filtration and artificial rechar-3640078080/Gruetzmacher et al - ISMAR 2005 - Simulating bank filtration and artificial recharge.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grünheid, Steffen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, Martin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Frtz et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fate of trace organic pollutants during bank filtration and groundwater recharge" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bank filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "artificial recharge" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "trace pollutants" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "AOX (absorbable organic halogens)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11–16 June 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Investigations on the behaviour of different trace organic\rcompounds at a bank filtration site at Lake Wannsee in\rthe city of Berlin, Germany are reported. More than two years of\rmonitoring for the bulk parameter differentiated\radsorbable organic halogens (AOX) revealed a more efficient\rdegradation of adsorbable organic iodine (AOI) and\radsorbable organic bromine (AOBr) under anoxic/anaerobic\rconditions. 64% of AOI were removed under reducing\rcondition, whereas under oxic conditions only ~35% were\rdehalogenated. One year of monitoring of the single\rorganic pollutants Iopromide (X-ray contrast agent),\rSulfamethoxazole (bacteriostatica) and naphthalenesulfonic\racid (industrial chemical) showed that the redox conditions have a\rstrong influence on the degradation\rbehaviour of some of the monitored compounds. Iopromide was\refficiently removed under oxic conditions, but no\revidence for a dehalogenation under oxic conditions was found.\rSulfamethoxazole showed a better removal under\ranoxic/anaerobic conditions (97% in 0.5 month retention time).\rOxic infiltration only led to a removal of 62%,\reven with longer retention times of 2.8 months. The very stable\r1.5-naphthalenesulfonic acid was not removed\runder either redox conditions." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gruenheid, S., Jekel, M. - ISMAR 2005 - Fate of trace organic pollutants-3624545537/Gruenheid, S., Jekel, M. - ISMAR 2005 - Fate of trace organic pollutants.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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#> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fate of bulk organics during bank filtration of wastewater-impacted surface waters" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> 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[1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "LC-OCD" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "SUVA" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11–16 June 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "More than two years of monitoring data from a bank filtration site\rin Berlin, Germany, and a long retention soil\rcolumn system (30 m) were analyzed to study the influence of\rredox conditions on the degradation of bulk\rorganics. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV-absorption at 254\rnm (UVA254) and liquid chromatography with\ronline carbon detection (LC-OCD) was employed to receive\rqualitative and quantitative information about the\rfate of different fractions of DOC. It was found that the kinetics of\rDOC-degradation depend significantly on the\rdominant redox conditions during infiltration. A faster\rmineralization of biodegradable DOC was observed during\roxic soil passage (~1 month). Anoxic infiltration led to a\rcomparable residual DOC-concentration, but 3-6 months\rwere required for complete removal of biodegradable DOC\r(BDOC). LC-OCD measurements revealed that the\rfraction of polysaccharides (PS) is removed very fast during\rinfiltration in the field. Under strictly anoxic conditions\rthe PS were more stable. The fractions of humic substances,\rbuilding blocks and low molecular weight\racids were degraded partially, independently from the redox\rpotential, while the change in aromaticity of the\rresidual DOC was influenced by the dominant redox conditions." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gruenheid, S., Jekel, M. - International Confe-0637672705/Gruenheid, S., Jekel, M. - International Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine_2004 - Behavior of Trace Pollutants.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language 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$xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Greskowiak, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Prommer, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vanderzalm, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pavelic, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dillon, P." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fritz, B. et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Quantifying biogeochemical changes during ASR of reclaimed water at Bolivar, South Australia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "ASR, biogeochemical modelling, PHT3D, reactive transport, reclaimed water" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11.-16. Juni 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "A modelling study was carried out to provide a process-based quantitative interpretation of the biogeochemical changes that were observed during an ASR experiment in which reclaimed water was injected into a limestone aquifer at a field-site near Bolivar, South Australia. A site-specific conceptual model for the interacting hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes that occur during reclaimed water ASR was developed and incorporated into an existing reactive multi-component transport model. The major reactive processes considered in the model were microbially mediated redox reactions, driven by the mineralisation of organic carbon, mineral precipitation/ dissolution and ion exchange. The study showed that the geochemical changes observed in the vicinity of the ASR well could only be adequately described by a model that explicitly considers microbial growth and decay processes, while an alternative, simpler model formulation based on the assumption of steady state biomass concentration failed to reproduce the observed hydrochemical changes. However, both, the simpler and the more complex model approach were able to reproduce the geochemical changes further away from the injection/extraction well. These changes were interpretated as a result of the combined effect of ion exchange, calcite dissolution and mineralisation of dissolved organic carbon." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Greskowiak et al - ISMAR 2005 b - Quanti-2886283265/Greskowiak et al - ISMAR 2005 b - Quantifying biogeochemical changes during ASR of reclaimed water at Bolivar, South Australia.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" 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$xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Greskowiak, J., " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Prommer, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Massmann, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nützmann, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Modeling Seasonal Redox Dynamics and the Corresponding Fate for the Pharmaceutical Residue Phenazone During Artificial Recharge of Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Environmental Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6615-6621" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "40" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "21" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Reactive multicomponent transport modeling was used to\rinvestigate and quantify the factors that affect redox\rzonation and the fate of the pharmaceutical residue phenazone\rduring artificial recharge of groundwater at an infiltration\rsite in Berlin, Germany. The calibrated model and the\rcorresponding sensitivity analysis demonstrated that temporal\rand spatial redox zonation at the study site was driven\rby seasonally changing, temperature-dependent organic\rmatter degradation rates. Breakthrough of phenazone at\rmonitoring wells occurred primarily during the warmer summer\rmonths, when anaerobic conditions developed. Assuming a redoxsensitive\rphenazone degradation behavior the model results provided\ran excellent agreement between simulated and measured\rphenazone concentrations. Therefore, the fate of phenazone was\rshown to be indirectly controlled by the infiltration water temperature\rthrough its effect on the aquifer’s redox conditions. Other\rfactors such as variable residence times appeared to be\rof less importance." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Greskowiak et al - Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006 --2141550336/Greskowiak et al - Environ. Sci. 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" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nützmann, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Prommer, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fritz, B. et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hydrogeochemical changes of seepage water during artificial recharge of groundwater in Berlin, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Artificial recharge, geochemistry, redox zoning, saturatedunsaturated" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "zone, seasonal temperature changes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The spatial and temporal evolution of the seepage water\rchemistry below an artificial recharge pond was investigated\rto identify the impact of dynamic changes in water saturation and\rseasonal temperature variations.\rGeochemical analysis of the pond water, suction cup water and\rgroundwater showed that during summer, nitrate\rand manganese reducing conditions dominate as long as\rsaturated conditions prevail. Iron and sulphate\rreduction occur only locally. When the sediment below the pond\rbecomes unsaturated, atmospheric oxygen penetrates\rfrom the pond margins leading to re-oxidation of previously\rformed sulphide minerals and enhanced mineralisation\rof sedimentary particulate organic carbon. The latter promotes the\rdissolution of calcite. During winter,\rboth the saturated and the unsaturated stage were characterised\rby aerobic conditions. Thereby, nitrification of\rsedimentary bound nitrogen could now be observed because\rnitrate is not immediately consumed, as is the case\rduring summer. This suggests that nitrification below the pond\rmight be less affected by seasonal temperature\rchanges than nitrate reduction.\r\r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Greskowiak et al - ISMAR 2005 - Hydrogeochemical changes of seepage water-1775574528/Greskowiak et al - ISMAR 2005 - Hydrogeochemical changes of seepage water.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> 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Kraume " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Influence of unsteady membrane bioreactor operation on EPS formation and filtration resistance" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Desalination" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Desalination" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "1-9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "192" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fouling rate" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "MBR" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Unsteady operation" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "EPS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Polysaccharides" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are considered as the major cause of membrane fouling in membranebioreactors. Recent studies have revealed a linear relationship between fouling rate (increase of filtration resistanceover time) and polysaccharide (PS) concentration [1]. Several factors like the type of wastewater, sludge loading rate, sludge age, MLSS concentration, and mechanical stress are known to influence the concentration of dissolved EPS. Also, unsteady states like\rintermittent feeding or shifts in the oxygen supply have been identified as additionalfactors leading to an increase in EPS formation or to a change in its fouling propensity. However, no systematicinvestigation to quantify such influences has been undertaken so far. This study is aimed at determining the influenceof discontinuous excess sludge withdrawal often applied in small decentralised plants and resulting unsteady loadingrates on EPS formation and filtration resistance. The general trend of increased fouling rate at higher PS concentrationsis confirmed but data show a larger scatter which could be due to a change in the PS structure and hence their fouling potential. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Luck, Francis" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, Bernd" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, Martin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "UVA as control parameter for the 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attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "3 April 2006" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Recent research projects have shown a good suitability of the ozonation process to transform trace\rconcentrations of most pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. The\rconcentrations of carbamazepine and 17" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "α" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "-ethinylestradiol, for instance, were reduced below their\rdetection limits by use of ozone dosages resulting in a specific ozone consumption of\r0.5 mg O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "/ mg DOC" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "0" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "7" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". At the same time a good disinfection performance was achieved. The given\rhygienic requirements of the EU bathing water directive (e.g. 2000 N / 100 ml faecal coliforms) are\rfulfilled without the formation of bromate (< 10 μg/L). As technical control parameter of the\rozonation process usually the residual ozone in the liquid phase or in the off-gas are used.\rHowever, at very low specific ozone consumptions, ozone reacts instantaneously with dissolved\rcompounds and can not be detected. Hence alternative parameters should be used for effective\roperation control. The present paper evaluates the relation between UVA decrease and the\rremoval of different compounds (endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, iodinated Xray\rcontrast media), microbial parameters and bromate formation. The results can be used as a\rguideline for the control of the oxidation performance at large scale ozonation units." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://IOA_WasserBerlin06_Paper-1360190465/IOA_WasserBerlin06_Paper.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "PILOTOX" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiedner, Claudia" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stüken, Anke" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nixdorf, Brigitte" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> 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"normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "11" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Wiedner et al., 2004 - Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii und Cylindrospermopsin Ergebnisberic-3399060992/Wiedner et al., 2004 - Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii und Cylindrospermopsin Ergebnisbericht 2004.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "CYLIN" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "52" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "52" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Martin Vocks" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matthias Kraume" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Final Report 2005 Preliminary investigations for the Margaretenhöhe MBR demonstration plant" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "31" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "23.11.2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "As part of the EU-Life ENREM demonstration project the Department of Chemical Engineering, TU Berlin, was appointed to conduct the preliminary pilot trials in a representative site for verification of basic process design and operation criteria of the full-scale MBR demonstration plant. In addition to conception and construction of the pilot plant, this investigation consisted of two successive trial phases with distinct operation conditions. The first one was dedicated to the assessment of the “irregular sludge removal strategy” (the biomass is accumulating in the reactor, which is partly emptied when the sludge concentration reaches a given value). In the second trials phase normal operation conditions with daily sludge wastage were implemented with 28,5d SRT. The major outcome of the trials was that COD removal, enhanced biological phosphorus removal and the post-denitrification performed a similar way under both operational conditions. The denitrification rate was approximately 1 mgN/(h goTS). An influence of the anaerobic sludge loading on the post-denitrification rate was observed with higher rates (up to 4 mgN/(h goTS)) corresponding to higher organic loading. An influence of storage compounds built up in the anaerobic phase is assumed. Nitrification was better in the second phase when 4 mgN/(h goTS) were constantly reached while nitrification was unstable with an average of 2 mgN/(h goTS) in the phase of irregular sludge removal. The aerobic and anoxic reactors were enlarged during the regular sludge withdrawal phase by 23% resulting in 35d SRT. This led to a better COD removal and slightly better nitrogen removal. The enhanced SRT produced possibly a deterioration of biological P removal due to overloaded poly-P storage. A second possible reason is the massive reproduction of sludge worm Tubifex tubifex, which was observed after the plant enlargement. Different strategies to reduce the worm population were attempted. Ammonium dosing had no success. Copper dosing reduced the number of worms significantly but the population grew back after the dosing was stopped. The prolongation of SRT reduced the sludge yield from 0.23 gTS/gCOD at 28.5d to 0.18 gTS/gCOD at 35d." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Vocks, et al., 2005 - Final Report 2005 Margaretenhöhe MBR demonstration -0561666048/Vocks, et al., 2005 - Final Report 2005 Margaretenhöhe MBR demonstration plant (ENREM), 31p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ENREM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vocks, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Adam, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> 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$xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "39" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "3360" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Post-denitrification" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "EBPR" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Glycogen" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Denitrification rate" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "30.05.2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This study investigates a post-denitrification process without the addition of an external carbon source combined with an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). Three trial plants, with two different process configurations, were operated on two different sites, and a variety\rof accompanying batch tests were conducted. It was shown that even without dosing of an external carbon source, denitrification rates (DNR) much above endogenous rates could be obtained in post-denitrification systems. Furthermore, the anaerobic reactor located a head of the process had a positive impact on the DNR. Given these surprising results, the project team decided to identify the carbon source used by the microorganisms in the postdenitrification process. Batch tests could demonstrate that lysis products do not play a major role as a C-source for postdenitrification. The following hypothesis was proposed to explain\rthe observations: the glycogen, internally stored by the substrate accumulating bacteria, if anaerobic conditions are followed by aerobic conditions could act as carbon source for denitrification in post-denitrification system. First exploratory batch tests, where the glycogen evolution was monitored, corroborate this\rassumption." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Vocks, 2005 - Enhanced post-denitrification without addition, 9p-3335454976/Vocks, 2005 - Enhanced post-denitrification without addition, 9p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") 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$xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "28" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schroeder, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowsky-Reusing, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Since the 1970s, we have known about real-time control of urban drainage systems. However, global real-time control strategies still show a lack of implementation for large drainage systems of high complexity. In Berlin, Germany, a city of 3.5 million inhabitants covering an area of around 900 km2, the demand for enhanced protection of the environment and growing economic pressure have led to an increasing application of control assets and concepts within the sewage system. In the framework of the project \"Integrated Sewage Management\", the possibilities of a global and integrated control strategy for the Berlin system are examined. The paper is focused on the historical concept and design of the sewerage and the further improvement towards an environment-oriented system that builds the basis for today's considerations. The operational method and functionality of local regulators that have already been implemented are described. Further-more, the model-based methodology for the analysis of the system and the development of global control concepts, as well as the results of system analysis, are stated. On the basis of model simulations, it is shown that a global coordination of pump stations can lead to a reduction of sewer overflows, and consequently to an enhanced water protection." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$notes #> $xml$records$record$notes$style #> $xml$records$record$notes$style[[1]] #> [1] "0273-1223 (Print)\rJournal Article" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16477985 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> 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attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "22" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "22" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kai Schroeder" #> #> 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"100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integrated Simulation of the Berlin Sewage System and Evaluation of a global Real-time Control Concept" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "10th International Conference on Urban Drainage 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Urban drainage" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "modelling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "integrated simulation" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "real-time control" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "pump station" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "21.-26. August 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kopenhagen, Dänemark" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The paper presents the build-up of a model for the integrated simulation of the sewage system of Berlin, Germany, focusing on the catchment of the wastewater treatment plant Ruhleben. The Ruhleben catchment, draining 185 km² and a population of 1.38 million inhabitants is characterised by its high portion of combined sewerage. The model comprises the collection system, pump stations, pressurised mains and the wastewater treatment plant. Hydraulic and quality processes are taken into account.\rA preliminary assessment of the sewage system and the analysis of historical operational data showed a high potential concerning global real-time control of the pump stations. Three different global control scenarios have been studied on the basis of a long time simulation over 50 days and compared with a local control regime. The results show that the coordinated operation leads to a reduction of total emissions. Main improvements can be achieved concerning the discharges from combined sewer overflows. These improvements are of major significance due to the high hazard potential of combined sewer overflows." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Schroeder et al, 2005 - Integrated Simul-1284436480/Schroeder et al, 2005 - Integrated Simulation of the Berlin Sewage System and Evaluation of a global Real-time Control Concept.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "11" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "11" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kai Schroeder" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Francis Luck" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Assessment of global pump station control strategies on the basis of numerical modelling" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "INDUSTRY IDS ONLINE CONFERENCE" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "10" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Real-time control of urban drainage systems allows activating capacities of storm water storage and wastewater treatment that were not used before. The historically developed structure of the Berlin combined sewerage, along with its aforementioned properties, allows per se a systematic management of the sub-systems. In the course of rehabilitation works the implementation of local regulators already opened additional storage reserves. Additionally, the potential of global control concepts for sewerage, pump stations and treatment plants is studied within the framework of the project “Integrated Sewage Management” to increase the systems efficiency. Especially, a coordination of the currently locally controlled pump stations entails a reduction of sewer overflows and hence an enhanced protection of the environment.\rFor the catchment of wwtp Berlin-Ruhleben an integrated model of the collection system, pump stations, pressurised mains and the wwtp itself has been built up in order to evaluate different scenarios of global pump station control in comparison to a local control scenario (reference).\rSpecial attention was paid to the discharges from CSOs. Due to the high dynamic of these events and the high fraction of biodegradable organic substrate within the effluents, the impact on the water body over this path plays an important role. Concerning CSOs a maximum reduction of 14 % (COD load) and 20 % (TKN load) could be achieved.\rIn conclusion it can be stated that a reduction of total emissions from the sewage system can be achieved by operating the pump stations in a global control mode. Furthermore, the main improvement can be observed for the discharges from combined sewer overflows." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Schroeder and Luck, 2005 - Assessment of globa-0981906688/Schroeder and Luck, 2005 - Assessment of global pump station control strategies on the basis of numerical modelling, 10p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> 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#> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Stueken, Anke " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiedner, Claudia " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chorus, Ingrid " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fastner, Jutta " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "First report on cylindrospermopsin producing Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Cyanobacteria) isolated from two German lakes" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxicon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxicon" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "156" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cylindrospermopsin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aphanizomenon flos-aquae" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cyanobacteria" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Three single-filament isolates of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae from two German lakes were found to produce remarkable amounts of the cyanobacterial epatotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN). CYN-synthesis of the strains were evidenced both by LC-MS/MS analysis and detection of PCR products of gene fragments which are implicated in the biosynthesis of the toxin. The strains contain CYN in the range of 2.3–6.6 mg gK1 of cellular dry weight. To our knowledge this is the first report of CYN in A. flos-aquae." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Preussel et al_Toxicon_2005-1624115968/Preussel et al_Toxicon_2005.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "CYLIN" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] " Claire Pineau " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bernd Heinzmann" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rolf-Jürgen Schwarz" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matthias Wiemann" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Christina Schulz" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "RKM - Getrennte Erfassung von iodorganischen Röntgenkontrastmitteln in Krankenhäusern" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "136" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In Berliner Gewässern wurden hohe AOI-Konzentrationen nachgewiesen, die auf den Eintrag von iodorganischen Röntgenkontrastmitteln (RKM) zurückzuführen sind. RKM werden bei Röntgenuntersuchungen in Krankenhäusern und in niedergelassenen Praxen jeweils zu 50% verabreicht und innerhalb von 24h über den Urin quasi vollständig ausgeschieden. Diese schlecht abbaubaren Stoffe werden in den Kläranlagen nicht eliminiert und gelangen in die Umwelt. Aufgrund des Vorsorgeprinzips und des Minimierungsgebotes für sauberes Trinkwasser bietet es sich an, die RKM an der Quelle zurückzuhalten. Es wurden drei Erfassungskonzepte entwickelt und systematisch bewertet, um den mit RKM belasteten Urin in Krankenhäusern getrennt zu sammeln und zu entsorgen. Diese Machbarkeitsstudie wurde vom April 2004 bis April 2005 vom KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin durchgeführt, in Zusammenarbeit mit der GÖK Consulting AG, den Berliner Wasserbetrieben und zwei Berliner Krankenhäusern, die beispielhaft für das Krankenhauswesen in Deutschland stehen: das Universitätsklinikum Charité - Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) und die Maria Heimsuchung Caritas-Klinik Pankow. \rDas erste Erfassungskonzept ist die zentrale Sammlung in der Radiologie mit einer Trenntoilette in den ersten 4h nach der Röntgenuntersuchung. Jedoch ist dieses Erfassungskonzept mit einem hohen Personalaufwand und entsprechenden Kosten verbunden. Die Wartezeit stellt aufgrund der erforderlichen Räumlichkeiten und der Qualität der Patientenbehandlung ein wesentliches Hindernis dar. Weiterhin ergab die Stoffstromanalyse, dass innerhalb der Punktquelle Krankenhaus eine Vielzahl an Verbrauchs- und somit Emissionsquellen vorhanden sein können. In der Charité-CVK stellt die Radiologie nur ein Drittel des Verbrauchs im Krankenhaus, so dass bei zentraler Erfassung an dieser Stelle nur ein geringer Erfassungsgrad erreicht wird. \rDie dezentrale Sammlung stellt eine Alternative dar, um den Urin der Patienten 24h nach der Röntgenuntersuchung zu sammeln, in den Stationen mit einer hohen Anzahl an „RKMPatienten“. Ein erstes dezentrales Konzept ist die Sammlung mit einer Trenntoilette, die beispielsweise in dem Stationsbad eingebaut werden kann. Dadurch wird der Behandlungsablauf wenig verändert und der Personalaufwand ist relativ niedrig, jedoch kann nur der Urin der mobilen Patienten gesammelt werden, so dass der Erfassungsgrad niedrig ist. Weiterhin ist die Umsetzung in weiteren Stationen aufgrund der aufwendigen Umbaumaßnahmen schwierig.\rAlternativ könnte die Sammlung mit mobilen Urinbehältern erfolgen. Bei diesem zweiten dezentralen Erfassungskonzept ist eine Urinsammlung 24h nach der Röntgenuntersuchung vorgesehen, anhand von Urinflaschen bzw. Steckbecken für die bettlägerigen Patienten sowie Sammelurinbehältern für mobile Patienten. Diese Behälter werden dann vom Stationspersonal in grösseren Behältern in den vorhandenen Unreinräumen gesammelt. Die Sammelbehälter werden vom Reinigungsdienst zur externen Entsorgung bereitgestellt. Neben der Urinaufbereitung und den Möglichkeiten der Iodrückgewinnung aus dem mit RKM belasteten Urin, die im Rahmen von Forschungsprojekten bereits untersucht werden, könnten die Iodverbindungen in Sonderabfallverbrennungsanlagen eliminiert werden. Durch das dezentrale Erfassungskonzept mit mobilen Behältern kann eine höhere Iodmenge gesammelt werden, verbunden mit einem geringen Personalaufwand und wenigen organisatorischen Änderungen. Dieses Konzept beruht auf einfachen Sammlungswegen, die bereits in den Krankenhäusern angewendet werden und ohne erheblichen Aufwand in vielen Bereichen umgesetzt werden könnten. Unter den drei entwickelten Erfassungskonzepten, stellt also die dezentrale Sammlung mit mobilen Behältern die einzige praktikable Möglichkeit dar, um eine getrennte Erfassung umfassend umsetzen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Pineau et al., 2005 - Getrennte Erfassung von iodorganischen - Abschlussber-4120173569/Pineau et al., 2005 - Getrennte Erfassung von iodorganischen - Abschlussbericht (RKM), 136p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "RKM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "45" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "45" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowski, L." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "SCST, Technical interim report 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "192" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "new sanitation concepts, gravity separation toilet, vacuum separation toilet, waterless urinals, compost separator, digestion, constructed wetland, septic tank" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "31.03.2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The main goal of this project is to develop new sustainable sanitation concepts which have significant advantages in relation to ecological as well as to economical aspects compared to the conventional systems (end-of-pipe-system). After successful project completion the new sanitation concepts should be used in Berlin areas, where sewer systems are not installed and these concepts are appropriate, as well as other locations (national and international). The technical management of the project has been achieved as foreseen, but the administrative project manger has changed in July 2005 since the head of the Berlin Centre of Competence for Water has changed. All technical equipments, besides of the bio-gas plant, are realised. The bio-gas plant will be installed about the end of 2005. In contrary to the EU-proposal the concept with vacuum separation toilets has been installed for technical reasons in the office building instead in the apartment house. Before installing of these toilets gravity separation toilets have been operated for 1 ½ years. Furthermore not in 15 but in 10 flats of the apartment house was it possible to install gravity separation toilets. The addition tasks Life-Cycle-Assessment (Task 5), Industrial style urine treatment for utilization (Task 7) and Fertiliser usage (Task 8) undertaken by different Universities are in the works. The users accept the separation toilets in general, but more the gravity than the vacuum separation toilets. Both have to be improved, especially the flush. The worse assessment for the vacuum separation toilets was expected since they are altered gravity separation\rtoilets. An optimised vacuum separation toilet is not available on the market at present. The results from the faeces separator show that far the most solids can be retained in the filter bags, but there is still a high solids-concentration in the filtrate. For huge settlements a different, continuously working separator is necessary. Due to the high solid concentration in the faecal filtrate the soil filter as a pre-treatment step was blocked very soon and went out of operation. With the 2-chamber septic tank for greywater and faecal filtrate treatment an effluent quality could be obtained which does not lead to clogging of the downstream constructed wetland. The results of the constructed wetland are as expected. From the work of Task 5 and the experiments of Task 7 no reliable results are available until now. The experiments of Task 8 show that the fertilising results from the urine are similar with those from mineral fertilisers. Until the end of the project the different tasks will continue. The digestion of the faeces from the vacuum separation toilets with the bio-gas plant will start in January 2006. In relation to the financial issues 790,482 € (51 %) of the total eligible costs of 1,552,116 € and 1,230,640 € (55 %) of the total real costs of 2,223,474 € respectively have been spent until now. Herewith, the 30 % threshold of the total real costs is transcended." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Pawlowski et al., 2005 - Sanitation Concepts (SCST), Interim report 2005, 192p-1891586048/Pawlowski et al., 2005 - Sanitation Concepts (SCST), Interim report 2005, 192p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SCST" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nicke, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`tertiary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, Regina" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nutzung zellinterner Speicherstoffe als Kohlenstoffquelle bei der nachgeschalteten Denitrifikation ohne Zugabe einer externen 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$xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://DiplomarbeitTNendXP-1617034753/DiplomarbeitTNendXP.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ENREM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Francis Luck" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Enhanced Nutrients Removal in Membrane Bioreactor (ENREM) - Progress report 1- LIFE 04 ENV/D/058" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "31" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "membrane activated sludge, membrane bioreactor (MBR), semi-central treatment, remote catchment, sensitive area, bathing water, nitrification, denitrification, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), disinfection" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "04/02/2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " The ENREM project aims at demonstrating a novel wastewater treatment process based on the technology of membrane bioreactor (MBR), set up in a configuration to enable enhanced biological elimination of nutrients. A new plant, and the related sewer system, is to be built in a yet unsewered remote area of Berlin. The plant will be then operated over more than one year, and the process will be optimised. Performances and costs of the treatment system will be then assessed for the size 250 – 10,000pe, corresponding to semi-central schemes. The management of the project has been achieved according to the organisation identified in the LIFE proposal. No relevant modification has been required. Annex 3.1 presents and discusses the key deliverables and milestones depending on the LIFE proposal and the current status. In relation to the technical content, Task 2 “Site and process definition” and Task 4 “Detailed design” are quasi-completed, with however a four month delay which will put back consequently the following actions, such as start of sewer and plant construction, and plant commissioning. Specifically, the following actions were completed, or are on the verge of completion: - Cost-comparison of decentralised treatment solutions to serve 20 unsewered areas of Berlin and selection of demonstration site (district of Margaretenhöhe); - Revision of cost evaluation for infrastructure; - Planning and specification of MBR plant; - Preparation and release of call for tender of MBR plant; - Planning and specification of low-pressure sewer; - Preparation and release of call for tender of low-pressure sewer construction; - Acquisition of legal permits (for plant construction & operation, water discharge); - Acquisition of parcel for MBR plant. In addition, the first trials phase of Task 3 “Preliminary testing on representative site” (period with irregular excess sludge withdrawal) was completed and enabled to validate the design criteria of the MBR demonstration plant. The relationship with the inhabitants of Margaretenhöhe was initiated in order to ensure a smooth construction phase, and a quick connection to the new sewer system. Dissemination activities were undertaken accordingly as shown in Annexes 7.1-7.3, and the project web-site in three languages was set up (see in www.kompetenz-wasser.de). The communications on project are expected to ramp up in 2005 and 2006, as more outcomes and results are getting available. The main task in 2005 will be the construction and commissioning of the low sewer system and the MBR demonstration plant. The start-up of the novel treatment scheme is now expected for October / November 2005. From the budget perspective, the total costs incurred over 2004 were 198,353€. This is 6% of the total budget of the LIFE proposal. The infrastructure costs and most of equipment costs (expected 62% of total budget) should occur in 2005 during the construction and commissioning phases of the scheme. No major budget deviation was noticed so far, and the re-evaluation of the infrastructure costs fit with those of the LIFE proposal." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Luck et al., 2005 - Progress report No. 1 - Enhanced Nutrients Removal in MB-1420470528/Luck et al., 2005 - Progress report No. 1 - Enhanced Nutrients Removal in MBR (ENREM), 31p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ENREM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] 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"Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tazi-Pain, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Membrane bioreactor for semi-central sanitation with enhanced treatment performances" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "6th International Conference and Exhibition «Wastewater 2005»" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Decentralised sanitation, disinfection, membrane activated sludge, membrane bioreactor (MBR), nutrients removal." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "10-12 May 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Teplice, Czech Rep." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Given the important cost reduction of the membrane bioreactor technology in the last years, this advanced treatment process has now become cost-competitive with other conventional technologies. A cost estimation analysis undertaken with few remaining unsewered and remote areas of Berlin showed that the implementation of semi-central sanitation scheme with a local membrane bioreactor plant would lead to similar costs than the connection to the central sewer, but with a superior effluent quality. For such small systems, some design issues have to be considered in order to optimise the costs and the operation regime, such as plant capacity increase, buffer capacity, process configuration and membrane flux." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Lesjean, 2005_Membrane bioreactor for semi-centr-2215576321/Lesjean, 2005_Membrane bioreactor for semi-central sanitation with enhanced treatment performances_Wastewater2005_2005.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ENREM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Buisson, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Keller, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Tazi-Pain, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Luck, F." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Outcomes of a 2-year investigation on enhanced biological nutrients removal and trace organics elimination in membrane bioreactor (MBR)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science & Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "453" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "52" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "10-11" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "post-denitrification" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "steroids" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Two configurations of membrane bioreactors were identified to achieve enhanced biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal, and assessed over more than two years with two parallel pilot plants of 2m³ each. Both configurations included an anaerobic zone a head of the biological reactor, and differed by the position\rof the anoxic zone: standard pre-denitrification, or postdenitrification without dosing of carbon source. Both configurations achieved improved phosphorus removal. The goal of 50mgP/L in the effluent could be consistently achieved with two types of municipal waste water, the second site requiring a low dose of ferric salt ferric salt < 3mgFe/L. The full potential of biological phosphorus removal could be demonstrated during phosphate spiking trials, where up to 1mg of phosphorus was biologically eliminated for 10mg BOD5 in the influent. The postdenitrification configuration enabled a very good elimination of nitrogen. Daily nitrate concentration a slow as 1mg N/L could be monitored in the effluent in some periods. The denitrification rates, greater than those expected for endogenous denitrification, could be accounted for by the use of the glycogene pool, internally stored by the denitrifying microorganisms in the anaerobic zone. Pharmaceuticals residues and steroids were regularly monitored on the two parallel MBR pilot plants during the length of the trials, and compared with the performance of the Berlin-Ruhleben WWTP. Although some compounds such as carbamazepine were persistent through all the systems, most of the compounds could be better removed by the MBR plants. The influence of temperature, sludge age and compound concentration could be shown, as well as the significance of biological mechanisms in the removal of trace organic compounds." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style #> $xml$records$record$urls$`related-urls`$url$style[[1]] #> [1] "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16459821" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Lesjean, 20-1417958657/Lesjean, 2005 - Outcomes of a 2-year investigation on enhanced biological nutrients removal and trace organics elimination in membrane bioreactor (MBR), 8p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "123" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "123" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, Martin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gruenheid, Steffen " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bank filtration and groundwater recharge for treatment of polluted surface waters" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IWA Leading-edge Technology Conference" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "519-529" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sapporo, Japan" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] " IWA Publishing" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Jekel - 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$xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Removal of bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trace organic compounds by bank filtration and artificial recharge" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Research" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Greskowiak, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Prommer, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Vanderzalm, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pavelic, P. 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Among a range of recharging\rtechniques, single-well aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is\rbecoming a common option to either augment drinking water\rsupplies or facilitate reuse of reclaimed water. For the present\rstudy a conceptual biogeochemical model for reclaimed water\rASR was developed and incorporated into an existing reactive\rmulticomponent transport model. The conceptual and numerical\rmodel for carbon cycling includes various forms of organic and\rinorganic carbon and several reactive processes that transfer\rcarbon within and across different phases. The major\rgeochemical processes considered in the model were microbially\rmediated redox reactions, driven by the mineralization of organic\rcarbon, mineral dissolution/ precipitation, and ion exchange. The\rnumerical model was tested and applied for the analysis of\robserved data collected during an ASR field experiment at\rBolivar, South Australia. The model simulation of this experiment\rprovides a consistent interpretation of the observed\rhydrochemical changes. The results suggest that during the\rstorage phase, dynamic changes in bacterial mass have a\rsignificant influence on the local geochemistry in the vicinity of the\rinjection/extraction well. Farther away from the injection/extraction\rwell, breakthrough of cations is shown to be strongly affected by\rexchange reactions and, in the case of calcium, by calcite\rdissolution." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Greskowiak et al - Water Resources Research 2005 - Modeling of-1219109120/Greskowiak et al - Water Resources Research 2005 - Modeling of carbon cycling and biogeochemical changes.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "117" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "117" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Greskowiak, Janek" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Prommer, Henning" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Massmann, Gudrun" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Johnston, Colin D. 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2005 - T-3351554816/Greskowiak et al - 2005 - The impact of variably saturated conditions on hydrogeochemical changes during artificial recharge of groundwater.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "56" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "56" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "R. Gnirss" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "S. Miels" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "B. Lesjean " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Planung und Bau einer Membranbelebungsanlage für die semizentrale Erschließung eines Siedlungsgebietes in einem empfindlichen Gebiet" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "6. Aachener Tagung Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Verfahrenstechnik" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "25-26 October 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aachen, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In Berlin gibt es nur noch wenige abgelegene kleine Einzugsgebiete (<1%), die nicht an das zentrale Abwassersystem angeschlossen sind. Aber in den neuen EU-Ländern ist der Anteil an der Bevölkerung, die nicht an eine zentrale Abwasserreinigung angeschlossen sind, noch deutlich höher. Besonders in dünn besiedelten Gebieten gibt es immer noch sehr viele Abwassersammelgruben (abflusslos oder mit Versickerung). Für empfindliche Einzugsgebiete (Badeseen, Wassersport,\rFremdenverkehr) könnte für die Einleitung von gereinigtem Abwasser eine über die Mindestanforderung in der Abwasserverordnung hinausgehende weitergehende Nährstoffentfernung von der zuständigen Behörde gefordert werden. Das Membranbelebungsverfahren (MBR) könnte eine technische und auch wirtschaftliche Lösung bieten, um eine semi-zentrale Erschließung in Gebieten mit einem sensitiven Vorfluter (Gewässer) zu realisieren. Mittels eines Membranprozesses kann die vollständige Desinfektion und weitgehende biologische Phosphorentfernung bis auf 0.1mgP/L oder niedriger ohne Fällmittel erreicht werden (Gnirss et al., 2003a, Gnirss et al., 2003b). Damit kann der Standard der EU-Richtlinie für Badegewässer direkt im Ablauf der kleinen Kläranlage erreicht\rwerden und die Eutrophierung im Oberflächenge-wässer reduziert werden. Die Umsetzung von MBR-Anlagen in kleinen oder mittleren Einzugsgebieten ist mittels schlüsselfertiger Containereinheiten möglich, wodurch die Investitionskosten gesenkt und die üblichen Unannehmlichkeiten von Kläranlagen wie Geruchs- und Lärmemissionen vermieden werden können. Dieser Artikel stellt die Vorteile und die Kosten der MBRTechnologie für die dezentrale Erschließung eines Siedlungsgebietes im Norden von Berlin vor und vergleicht sie mit dem konventionellen Verfahren. Dabei werden die technischen Grundlagen der Demonstrationsanlage ausführlich erläutert, und die wichtigsten Designkriterien für die MBR-Anlage und das Druckentwässerungsnetz vorgestellt." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gnirss, 2005 --3716376065/Gnirss, 2005 - Planung und Bau einer Membranbelebungsanlage für die semizentrale Erschließung eines Siedlungsgebietes in einem empfindlichen Gebiet, 17p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ENREM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> 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#> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fanck, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heberer, Th." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors` #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$`secondary-authors`$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Birgit Fritz et al" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Transport and attenuation of antibiotic residues during river bank filtration in Berlin, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5th International Symposium on Management of Aquifer Recharge / IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "4" #> #> 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "LC-MS/MS" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "water" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "11–16 June 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "UNESCO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "This paper presents the results on the occurrence and fate of\rantibiotic residues during bankfiltration obtained\rfrom a study carried out in terms of an interdisciplinary project at\rthree transects in Berlin, Germany. Six antibiotic\rcompounds and two metabolites were detected at ng/L\rconcentrations in water samples from the lakes or\rin the monitoring wells of the transects. Clarithromycin,\rroxithromycin (macrolide), trimethoprim (synergist\rfor sulfonamides) and acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (metabolite) are\refficiently removed by bank filtration. Residues\rof clindamycin (lincosamid) and dehydro-erythromycin\r(metabolite) were completely attenuated during the soil\rpassage. For sulfamethoxazole (sulfonamide), a significant but\rnot complete removal during bank filtration was\robserved. It was the only compound that could be detected at\rtracelevels in samples collected from water-supply\rwells." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Fanck, B., Heberer, Th. - ISMAR-2036403968/Fanck, B., Heberer, Th. - ISMAR 2005 - Transport and attenuation of antibiotic residues during river bank filtration in Berlin, Germany.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> 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#> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bahr, Carsten" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ernst, Mathias" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Reemtsma, Thorsten" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heinzmann, Bernd" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Luck, Francis" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, Martin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pilot scale ozonation of treated municipal effluent for removal of pharmaceutical compopunds and pathogens" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IOA 17th World Ozone Congress" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "11" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ozone, Advanced Oxidation Process, Pharmaceuticals, Disinfection" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "22 - 25 August 2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Strasbourg" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The secondary effluent of Berlin's sewage treatment plant Ruhleben was oxidized by dosages of 2.5-22 mg/L ozone and varying operation conditions to remove pharmaceutical compounds and disinfect water in parallel. The majority of analysed neutral and acidic drugs were efficiently removed to the detection limit at ozone consumptions equal to a dosage of < 10 mg/L O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "subscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". However, certain compounds like clofibric acid, ketaprofen and traced metabolites required higher dosages of > 10-15 mg/LO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "subscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " for complete removal. A series of four iodinated organic contrast media (ICM) persisted the ozone treatment even at high consumption rates. Related to disinfection, the legal requirements (EU bathing water directive) could be fulfilled by a consumption of < 10 mg/L O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "subscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] ". For a combined oxidation by ozone and H" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "subscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "2" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "subscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] " (perozone) higher conversion rates for clofibric acid, naproxen and ketaprofen could be obtained at lower dosage (6 mg/L O" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "3" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "subscript" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "). For two ICM, namely iopamidol and iohexol, this was the case at higher ozone consumption. The removal of adsorbable organic iodine (AOI) > 10% could not be achieved by any treatment. The initial genotoxicity of the secondary effluent was stated by four independent tests. Due to the application of ozone, this genotoxicity was completely removed. 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attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "78" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "National Ground Water Association" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Wiese et al - 2007 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#> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "142" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiese, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Holzbecher, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rümmler, J." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nützmann, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Assessment of bank filtration pumping regimes on flow length and travel times: a case study" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Assessing the Effect of Pumping Regimes on Bank Filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IGB Jahresforschungsbericht 2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "IGB Jahresforschungsbericht 2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "45-52" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "45" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Wiese et al_IGB Jahresforschungsbericht 2003_2004-3323349761/Wiese et al_IGB Jahresforschungsbericht 2003_2004.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "53" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "53" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Martin Vocks" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matthias Kraume" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Progress Report 2004 - Preliminary investigations for the Margaretenhöhe MBR demonstration plant" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "26" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "26.02.2005" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "As part of the EU-Life ENREM demonstration project the Department of Chemical Engineering, TU Berlin, was appointed to conduct the preliminary pilot trials in a representative site for verification of basic process designs and operation criteria of the full-scale MBR demonstration plant. In addition to conception and construction of the pilot plant, this investigation consists of two successive trial phases with distinct operation conditions: the first one being dedicated to the assessment of the “irregular sludge wastage strategy” (the biomass is accumulating in the reactor, which is partly emptied when the sludge concentration reaches a\rgiven value), and the second one being planned to verify normal operation conditions with daily sludge wastage. This progress report describes implementation and results of the first phase, for which a pilot plant of 140L was operated over 6 months with waste water of a decentralized area. The influent contained high concentrations of nitrogen (100-200 mg/L), phosphorus (10- 20 mg/l) and COD (1000-2000 mg/L). Also surprising were the high VFA concentrations (100-300 mg/L) which ensured a good EBPR process. \rThe COD and also the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were not impacted by the irregular sludge wastage. COD effluent concentrations were around 50 mg/L and TP effluent was 0.1 to 0.3 mg/L. \rThe high nitrogen influent concentrations were problematic. Due to changing TS concentrations and changing nitrification rates TN effluent was 10 to 30 mg/L with a NH4-N content of 0 to 20 mg/L. Denitrification rates were measured between 1 and 3 mgN/gVS h and were depending on TS concentration, with higher rates at lower TS concentrations. Polysaccharide concentrations in the sludge water phase were higher with low TS concentrations and low oxygen concentrations. Higher PS values led to faster fouling.\rResults of the trials suggest that the oxygen concentration should be kept above 2mg/L to ensure both sufficient nitrification and lower fouling. Since also high TS concentrations are needed to ensure complete nutrients removal the optimum TS range is relatively small and it must be concluded that the irregular sludge wastage strategy was not beneficial in this case and the demonstration plant should be run with regular sludge removal." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Vocks et al., 2004 - Progress Report 2004 - Margaretenhöhe MBR demo-2339693056/Vocks et al., 2004 - Progress Report 2004 - Margaretenhöhe MBR demonstration plant (ENREM), 26p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ENREM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "21" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "21" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kai Schroeder" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Erika Pawlowsky-Reusing" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lionel Gommery" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Laurent Phan" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integrated Sewage Management - Development of a global Real Time Control for three interconnected Subcatchments of the Berlin Drainage System" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Novatech 2004 - 5th international conference on sustainable techniques and strategies in urban water management 2004, \r" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Drainage system, Integrated management, Modelling, Optimisation, Real-time control" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lyon, France" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Due to the sensitive situation of watercourses in the urban area of Berlin the water authorities have set special conditions for discharge especially from combined sewer overflows. To meet the legal requirements a central task is to reduce the pollutant load discharged into receiving waters and for this purpose the intelligent utilisation of the available capacities of the entire waste water system. Measures of local real-time control have already been implemented in the Berlin drainage system. This paper is focusing on the potential of an additional superior global control concept. Comparative simulations for three interconnected subsystems are carried out to evaluate different operational alternatives." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://S-4238110976/Schroeder et al, 2004 - Integrated Sewage Management - Development of a global Real Time Control for three interconnected Subcatchments of the Berlin Drainage System.PDF" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "16" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "16" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kai Schroeder" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Erika Pawlowsky-Reusing" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integriertes Abwassermanagement - 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Integriertes Abwassermanagement-3578549248/Schroeder and Pawlowsky-Reusing, 2004 - Integriertes Abwassermanagement.PDF" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "15" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "15" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kai Schroeder" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Erika Pawlowsky-Reusing" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Current State And Development Of The Real-Time Control Of The Berlin Sewage System" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "4th World Water Congress" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "drainage system, inline storage, real-time control, sewerage" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Marrakech, Marokko" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Since the 1970s we know about the idea of real-time control of urban drainage systems. Anyway, global real-time control strategies still show a lack of implementation for large drainage systems of high complexity. In Berlin, Germany, a city of 3.5 million inhabitants covering an area of around 900 km², the demand for enhanced protection of the environment and the growing economic pressure have led to an increasing application of control assets and concepts within the sewage system. In the framework of the project “Integrated Sewage Management” the possibilities of a global and integrated control strategy for the Berlin system are examined. The paper is focused on the historical concept and design of the sewerage and the further improvement towards an environment-oriented system that builds the basis for today’s considerations. The operational method and functionality of local regulators that have already been implemented are described. Further more the model-based methodology for the analysis of the system and the development of global control concepts as well as results of system analysis are stated. On the basis of model simulations it is shown that a global coordination of pump stations can lead to a reduction of sewer overflows and consequently to an enhanced water protection." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] " " #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "file:///Z:/Dokument-Managementsystem/Dokuments/Publikation/Schroeder%20and%20Pawlowsky-Reusing,%202004%20-%20Current%20State%20And%20Development%20Of%20The%20Real-Time%20Control%20Of%20The%20Berlin%20Sewage%20System.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "15.-17. September 2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dresden" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The paper introduces an algorithm for a level dependent real-time control of sewage pump stations and states results from its evaluation based on a spectrum of simulations for three different catchments of the Berlin drainage system. The objective of the control function is to smooth the delivery of the pumps towards the wastewater treatment plant during storm weather events by throttling the flow and implicitly activating inline retention capacities of the sewer networks. The\rarticle comprises the definition and functioning of the control concept as well as operational constraints and boundary conditions and the derivation of optimal control parameters. The simulation-based evaluation of the concept shows that it is possible to manage available inline storage volume by applying the control function. However, only if an adequate retention volume of around 50.0 m³/ha Aimp or more is available a significant improvement of the flow characteristic\rtowards the wwtp is possible." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Schroeder et al, 2004 - Model-based evaluation of a level dependant real-time con-1338966016/Schroeder et al, 2004 - Model-based evaluation of a level dependant real-time control.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "211" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "211" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schroeder, Kai" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bewertung von Strategien der Abflusssteuerung mittels Kanalnetzsimulation" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "1. 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Pineau" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "F. Luck" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "I. Chorus" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "K. 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Grützmacher" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "G. Böttcher" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Etude globale sur les cyanobactéries dans la rivière Erdre Travaux de recherche en laboratoire. Rapport final Janvier 2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "100" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cyanobacteria proliferation and the potential health risk related with the release of the associated toxins have lead the local association EDEN to initiate a comprehensive study on cyanobacteria in the river Erdre. Within the consortium in charge of the project, the Berlin Centre of Competence for Water (KWB) realised lab-scale research in cooperation with the German Federal Environmental Agency (UBA), on the species Planktothrix agardhii which predominates in the river Erdre, and the associated toxin microcystin. The objective was to determine the influence of key factors such as nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus), light, flow velocity and sediments on cyanobacteria growth and competition as well as microcystin release from the Planktothrix population in the river Erdre. Results from the lab-scale cultures proved that nutrient-limited conditions lead to a decrease of cyanobacteria biomass and may favour some genotypes with reduced needs among the Planktothrix population. Given the current state of scientific knowledge, no differences in competition between toxic and non-toxic Planktothrix strains can be established. Nutrient limitation favours microcystin release from cells, however the global decrease of cyanobacteria biomass induces a decrease of the total quantity of released toxin. These results can be applied in a water body where nutrients concentrations are very low (below 50 µg/L for total phosphorus). In the river Erdre, as long as external nutrients inputs remain considerable, light is the limiting factor. Internal nutrient recycling from the sediments is globally negligible in comparison with external inputs. Culture experiments in a flow simulation flume proved that flow velocity had substantial impact neither on Planktothrix growth nor on microcystin release. Only a short transition phase with negative effects was observed. Overwintering of Planktothrix in Erdre-sediments could be proved by the detection of a substantial population using fluorescence analysis. This inoculum should be large enough for initiation of Planktothrix development in the next vegetation period. However, the high adsorption capacities of the analysed sediments from the river Erdre allow to put aside a potential risk of microcystin release from sludge. While providing innovative results on the species Planktothrix agardhii, this project contributes to the comprehensive study initiated by the EDEN association in order to preserve the values associated with environment, health and tourism in the river Erdre." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Pineau et al., 2004- Etude globale sur les cyanobactéries dans la riviè-2862090241/Pineau et al., 2004- Etude globale sur les cyanobactéries dans la rivière Erdre (ERDRE), 100p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ERDRE" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "French" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Claire Pineau " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bernd Heinzmann" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rolf-Jürgen Schwarz" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Matthias Wiemann" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Christina Schulz" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "RKM - Getrennte Erfassung von Röntgenkontrastmitteln - Zwischenbericht" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "136" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In Berliner Gewässern wurden hohen AOI-Konzentrationen nachgewiesen. Als Quelle für diese Jodfracht wurden die iodorganischen Röntgenkontrastmitteln (RKM) identifiziert, die zu 50% aus Krankenhäusern emittiert werden und zu 50% aus ambulante Praxen. Diese Jodverbindungen werden bis zu 98% über Urin innerhalb von 24h ausgeschieden. Sie werden in den Kläranlagen sehr wenig abgebaut (max. 8% in Berliner Kläranlagen). Bisher wurde keine Toxizität für RKM und deren Metaboliten nachgewiesen, jedoch sind noch nicht alle Effekte bekannt. Aufgrund des Vorsorgeprinzips sollte der Eintrag von RKM in die Umwelt vermieden werden. \rSeit April 2004 wird die Machbarkeit einer getrennten Erfassung von iodorganischen RKM durch das KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin und die GÖK Consulting AG in zwei Berliner Krankenhäuser (Universitätsklinikum Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum und Maria-Heimsuchung Caritas-Klinik Pankow) durchgeführt, mit Unterstützung der Berliner Wasserbetriebe. Ziel der dreizehnmonatigen ersten Phase ist es, geeignete Sanitärlösungen zu entwickeln und zu bewerten. Die Schlussfolgerungen werden als Basis für eine Entscheidung zur Durchführung einer Praxiphase dienen. In diesem Zwischenbericht werden die erste Ergebnisse der abgeschlossenen Arbeitspakete „Erfassung der Ausgangsdaten“ (AP 1.2), „Erarbeitung der Sanitärlösungen“ (AP 1.3) und „Sanitärtechnik“ (AP 1.4) zusammengefasst.\r\rEs werden drei Sanitärlösungen erarbeitet: eine zentrale Lösung mit einer Trenntoilette in der Röntgenabteilung und Aufenthalt der Patienten vor Ort in den 4h nach der Untersuchung, eine dezentrale Lösung mit einer Trenntoilette auf den Stationen in den 24h nach der Untersuchung, und eine zweite dezentrale Lösung mit mobilen Urinbehältern (Urinflaschen, Steckbecken). Für diese dezentrale Lösungen wurden „Schwerpunktstationen“ identifiziert, mit einem hohen Anzahl an Patienten mit einer RKM-Untersuchung. \rUm den Jodstofffluss zu berechnen, wurden in beiden beteiligten Krankenhäusern Daten zu RKM-Einkauf und RKM-Verbrauch erfasst. Abwasserdaten wurden anhand vorhandenen Analysen sowie weitere detaillierte Messkampagnen ermittelt. Im Rahmen einer ausführlichen Literaturrecherche wurden insbesondere Daten zur Ausscheidungsdauer von RKM erfasst. \rZusätzlich wurden Patientendaten erfasst (Zahlen, Aufschlüsselung zu den verschiedenen Geräte, Mobilität, Anzahl der Toilettengänge, Flüssigkeitsaufnahme). Anhand dieser Daten sowie weitere Gespräche mit den Mitarbeitern im Krankenhaus konnten die drei Sanitärlösungen erarbeitet werden.\r\rFür die zentrale Lösung sind Wartebereiche erforderlich. Die vorhandene Räume wären jedoch in beiden Krankenhäusern ausgelastet, und der Umbau eines weiteres Aufenthaltbereiches wäre nur im grösseren Krankenhaus möglich. Zusätzlich sollte eine zusätzliche Betreuungskraft für die Patienten eingestellt werden, und die eventuelle Verweilzeitverlängerung sollte aufgrund der hohen Kosten vermieden werden. Die vorhandene Sanitäreinrichtungen, die mit einer Trenntoilette umgerüstet werden sollten, würden ausreichen. Vorteil dieser Lösung, sofern Wartebereiche eingerichtet werden können, wäre einen höheren Erfassungsgrad, da die stationäre Patienten aus zahlreichen Stationen herkommen. Der Verbleib in der Röntgenabteilung bis zu 4h nach der Untersuchung ist jedoch problematisch, und die Akzeptanz wird in einem weiteren Arbeitspaket näher untersucht.\r\rDie dezentrale Varianten erweisen sich in beiden Krankenhäusern als leichter umsetzbar. Es sind keine Warteräume erforderlich und die Betreuung der Patienten könnte durch das vorhandene Personal übernommen werden. Dadurch werden in der Röntgenabteilung keine Veränderungen (ausser die Identifizierung als ‚RKM-Patient’) verursacht, und auf der Stationen stellt die Integration im Behandlungsablauf keine besondere Hindernisse dar (ausser dem Laufweg für die Lösung mit Trenntoilette und der Benutzung von Urinbehältern für die zweite Lösung)\rDie erforderliche Räumlichkeiten auf den Schwerpunktstationen wurden untersucht. Fur die erste dezentrale Variante könnte die Trenntoilette nicht in den wenigen vorhandenen Toiletten eingebaut werden, jedoch bietet es sich an, in einem vorhandenen Bad die Toilette einzubauen. Für die zweite Variante könnten die Urinflaschen bzw. Steckbecken in einem Spülautomat entleert werden, der in einem vorhandenen Unreinraum eingebaut sein kann. \r\rDie Erfassungsmenge von Jod, der durch den Einsatz der jeweiligen Sanitärlösungen erfasst würde, wurde anhand der absoluten Erfassungsmenge im Vergleich zur applizierten Jodmenge im gesamten Krankenhaus ermittelt. Der Erfassungsgrad ist relativ niedrig. Patienten sind nämlich auf vielen Stationen verteilt, so dass die Erfassung nur auf Schwerpunktstationen die Erfassungsmenge reduziert. Zusätzlich werden in anderen Abteilungen Jod verabreicht, so dass der Verbrauch der Radiologie nur einen Anteil der gesamten Menge darstellt.\r\rZum Auswahl einer Trenntoilette wurden Informationen von Herstellern in Deutschland sowie andere Projekte zur getrennten Urinerfassung im Haushalt geholt. Die wichtigste Kriterien sind die Hygiene und die Möglichkeit, Urin unverdünnt zu sammeln. Aus dieser Gründe wird die Schwerkrafttrenntoilette ‚No-Mix-Toilet’ der Firma Roediger empfohlen.\r\rZur Bewertung der erarbeiteten Lösungen wurde eine systematische Nutzwertanalyse durchgeführt. Dabei wurden die folgende Kriterien berücksichtigt: Räumlichkeiten (vorhandene Sanitärtechnik und Wartebereiche), zusätzliche Betreuungsaufwand, Integration im Behandlungsablauf in der Radiologie und auf der Station, Qualität der Patientenbehandlung (subjektives Gefühl), absolute Erfassungsmenge und Erfassungsgrad. \rDiese erste Bewertung zeigte, dass die dezentrale Lösungen in beiden Krankenhäusern bevorzugt werden. Die dezentrale Lösung mit Urinbehälter wird als beste Variante eingestuft und die dezentrale Lösung mit Trenntoiletten als mittlere Lösung. Die zentrale Lösung wird deutlich in beiden Krankenhäusern als weniger geeignet eingeschätzt.\r\rDie Kriterien Wirtschaftlichkeit, Akzeptanz und Urinentsorgung konnten noch nicht berücksichtigt werden. Erst nach der Erarbeitung der entsprechenden Arbeitspakete, die bis April 2005 laufen, wird eine vollständige Bewertung möglich, die zur Entscheidung für die Durchführung einer Praxisphase führen soll." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Pineau et al., 2004 - Getrennte Erfassung von Roentgenkontrastmitte-0093424641/Pineau et al., 2004 - Getrennte Erfassung von Roentgenkontrastmitteln - Zwischenbericht (RKM), 132p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "RKM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> 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Zur Ermittlung der zu erprobenden neuen, nachhaltigen Sanitärkonzepte wurde eine Vorstudie durchgeführt. Diese Studie beinhaltet u.a. einen Kostenvergleich zwischen zwei neuen Sanitärkonzepten mit Schwerkraft- und Vakuumseparationstoiletten und dem konventionellen System. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die neuen Sanitärkonzepte, abhängig von den Rahmenbedingungen, Kostenvorteile haben. Dies war eine weitere Motivation, ein Pilotprojekt zur Erprobung der neuen Sanitärkonzepte unter realistischen Bedingungen in Berlin/Brandenburg durchzuführen. Der Betrieb des Sanitärkonzepts mit Schwerkrafttrenntoiletten hat im Sommer 2003 begonnen." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Peter-Froehlich et al, 2004 - Separate Ableitu-4203222785/Peter-Froehlich et al, 2004 - Separate Ableitung und Behandlung von Urin, Faekalien und Grauwasser – ein Pilotprojek, 6p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SCST" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "34" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "34" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. Peter-Fröhlich" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "I. Kraume" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "F. Luck," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. Lesouëf " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "M. 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In order to define the experiments for testing new, sustainable sanitation concepts a pre-study has been performed. This study included a cost comparison between two new sanitation concepts with gravity and vacuum separation toilets and the conventional system. It could be demonstrated that the new sanitation concepts may have cost advantages depending on the situation. This was a further motivation starting a pilot project near Berlin testing the above mentioned toilet systems under realistic conditions. 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In order to define the experiments for testing new, sustainable sanitation concepts a pre-study has been performed. This study included a cost comparison between two new sanitation concepts with gravity and vacuum separation toilets and the conventional system. It could be demonstrated that the new sanitation concepts may have cost advantages depending on the situation. This was a further motivation starting a pilot project near Berlin testing the above mentioned toilet systems under realistic conditions. 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Peter-Fröhlich" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "I. Kraume" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "F. Luck," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. Lesouëf " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "M. Oldenburg" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Demonstration Project for Separate Discharge and Treatment of Urine, Faeces and Greywater – First Results" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "2nd IWA Leading-Edge Conference on Sustainability in Water-Limited Environments" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "8" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Cost comparison" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "decentralised wastewater concepts" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "gravity separation toilet" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "urine" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "vacuum separation toilet" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "8 – 10 November 2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sydney (Australia)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The Berlin Centre of Competence for Water (Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin) together with its partners Berliner Wasserbetriebe and Veolia Water has started a demonstration project about new sanitation concepts. In order to define the experiments for testing new, sustainable sanitation concepts a pre-study has been performed. This study included a cost comparison between two new sanita-tion concepts with gravity and vacuum separation toilets and the conventional sys-tem. It could be demonstrated that the new sanitation concepts may have cost advantages depending on the situation. This was a further motivation to start a Demonstration project near Berlin testing the innovative toilet systems under realis-tic conditions. Operation of the gravity separation toilet concept started in October 2003." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Peter-Froehlich et al, 2004-3866977281/Peter-Froehlich et al, 2004 - Demonstration Project for Separate Discharge and Treatment of Urine, Faeces and Greywater – First Results, 8p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SCST" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Massmann, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Knappe, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pekdeger, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Investigating the influence of treated sewage in ground- and surface water using wastewater indicators in Berlin, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Acta hydrochim. et hydrobiol." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Acta hydrochim. et hydrobiol." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wastewater indicator, treated wastewater, bank filtration, drinking water, groundwater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Induced by well abstraction, surface water infiltrates into Berlin aquifers and is used for drinking water production. A major advantage of bank filtration is the capability of the subsurface to remove contaminants and save natural groundwater resources. Since a large proportion of the surface water in Berlin originates\rfrom treated effluents released by wastewater treatment plants, certain wastewater residues can be traced into the groundwater. A powerful tool to characterise bank filtration systems is the use of wastewater indicators and additional environmental tracers to estimate flow velocities and proportions of bank filtrate in the\rabstraction wells prior to reactive transport evaluations. Examples for tracer applications at the Berlin system are introduced in this paper. 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"normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integrierte Produktpolitik ist ein sehr junges Gebiet, bei dem man kaum auf Erfahrungswerte zurückgreifen kann. Benötigt werden kreative Lösungsansätze, die sich auch unkonventioneller Mittel und Wege bedienen. Dies stellt höchste Anforderungen an die Lernbereitschaft aller Beteiligten. Dabei ist es wichtig, eingefahrene Gleise zu verlassen. Dazu zählt u.a., dass Investitionsentscheidungen nicht mehr von den Abschreibungszeiträumen der Geräte abhängen, sondern von der Funktions- und Einsatzfähigkeit und der Wartungsorganisation. Und genau an diesem Punkt setzt das Geschäftsmodell des ITZM an, unterstützt durch den rechtlich neu gesetzten Rahmen mit der grundlegenden neuen Philosophie- und Strategieausrichtung der Wiederverwendung („Used is Useful“) in der EG-Richtlinie über „Elektro- und Elektronik-Altgeräte“. Das ITZM besteht im Kern aus vier Säulen: der Gebrauchtmessgerätebörse, dem Testfeld für neue Messgeräte und –systeme, der Informationsplattform über das Internet und der Ingenieurberatung. Das ITZM führt die Anwender/Nutzer und Hersteller von Messgeräten und Messsystemen auf den Gebieten der Abwasserbehandlung, Wasserversorgung, Gewässerüberwachung, Produktionsüberwachung und Laboranalytik zusammen, um im Wege des Informationsaustausches umfassend ihre Kauf- und Verkaufswünsche erfüllt zu bekommen. Dazu bietet das ITZM über seine Internetplattform Informationen zu den Gerätschaften in Form von Testergebnissen, Literaturhinweisen, Anwendererfahrungen (Einrichtung eines Forums zum Informationsaustausch) sowie kompetente Ingenieurberatung an. Über das Testfeld werden Messgeräte/-systeme untersucht und erprobt, um die Leistungsversprechen der Hersteller unter realen Bedingungen zu ermitteln. Das ITZM bringt über die Messgerätebörse gebrauchte Geräte nach Überprüfung und evtl. Reparatur sowie Funktionsprüfung mit Qualitätsgarantie wieder in den Markt, realisiert Wartung und Kundendienst und sorgt für ein sehr gutes Preis/Leistungsverhältnis. Als neutrales und autark arbeitendes Unternehmen stellt die Beratung der potenziellen Nutzer einen wesentlichen Faktor dar.\rIn Sinne dieser Machbarkeitsstudie konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Gründung eines Unternehmens ITZM auf soliden Füßen steht. Konservative Abschätzungen über Mittelbedarf (Geschäfts- und Investitionskosten) und den zu erwartenden Mittelzufluss aus den Geschäftszielen ergeben eine solide Geschäftsgrundlage. Das ITZM soll als eigenständige Rechtsperson am Standort Berlin gegründet werden. Dadurch wird der Standort Berlin gestärkt, der insbesondere als „Tor zum Osten“ ein neues, bedeutendes Instrument erhält. Denn nach Kenntnis der Verfasser dieser Machbarkeitsstudie existiert derzeit in Deutschland und Europa keine vergleichbare Einrichtung; ebenso ist keine Planung für eine solche bekannt. Mit dem ITZM werden Arbeitsplätze in Berlin gesichert und gleichzeitig auch neue, u.a. technologisch sehr anspruchsvolle geschaffen. Die Bevölkerung des Landes Berlin sowie eine Reihe umgebender Ortschaften, die von den Berliner Wasserbetrieben mit Trinkwasser versorgt oder deren Abwasser durch dieses Unternehmen entsorgt und gereinigt wird, sowie weitere Einrichtungen des Landes Berlin können bei Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen des ITZM direkt profitieren und damit Geld sparen. Das geschätzte Einsparvolumen allein für Berlin liegt bei konsequenter Umsetzung der vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen in der Größenordnung von mehreren hunderttausend Euro/Jahr. Bei der Einrichtung des ITZM wird auch eine geeignete Kooperation mit dem KompentenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH (KWB) angestrebt, so dass auch das KWB auf dem Sektor der Messgeräte und Messsysteme auf eine Kompetenz zurückgreifen kann, die überregional und international von herausragender Bedeutung ist." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Luehr et al., 2004 - Informations- und Testzentrums Messtechnik im Wasser (ITZM-1488213248/Luehr et al., 2004 - Informations- und Testzentrums Messtechnik im Wasser (ITZM), 89p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ITZM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") 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#> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Francis Luck" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Claire PIineau" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ingrid Chorus" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jutta Fastner" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Karina Preussel" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sophie Marcou" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Luck, Francis" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Progress Report No. 01 - Sanitation Concepts for Separate Treatment of Urine, Faeces and Greywater (SCST)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "new sanitation concepts, gravity separation toilet, vacuum separation toilet, waterless urinals, compost separator, digestion, constructed wetland, septic tank" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "12.07.2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The main goal of this project is to develop new sustainable sanitation concepts which have significant advantages in relation to ecological as well as to economical aspects compared to the conventional systems (end-of-pipe-system). After successful project completion, the new sanitation concept should be used in Berlin areas, where sewer systems are not installed, as well as other locations (national and international).\rThe management of the project has been achieved as foreseen. No relevant modifications have been necessary.\rIn relation to the technical development all eight tasks have been started. Some later than scheduled but this does not endanger the goal and end date of the project. The first results from the greywater treatment with the constructed wetland show that the effluent quality is comparable to the wastewater treatment plants of Berlin\rIn contrary to the proposal the new sanitation concept using vacuum separation toilets will be realised in the office building instead of apartment building. Furthermore not fifteen but ten flats are taken into account for the project and all bathrooms will be completely retrofitted instead of installation of new toilet systems only. Due to the fact that external assistance for designing is necessary the costs for external assistance is higher than planned. The precise figure will be available earliest at the end of 2004. All modifications do not endanger the goal of the project.\rFor the information and discussion with the national and international public and colleagues about this project many presentations, publications and visits of the demonstration project have been undertaken and organised, respectively.\rThe envisioned progress up to the interim report in March 2005 will be the realisation and start up of operation of the sanitation concept in the apartment building, exchange of the gravity separation toilets against vacuum separation toilets in the office building, designing, installation and operation of the digester. Furthermore all work from subcontractors (Life-Cycle-Assessment, Urine treatment, Fertiliser usage) will continue. Different international presentations are also foreseen.\rIn relation to the financial issues 325.906 € (21 %) of the total eligible costs of 1.552.116 € and 511.515 € (23 %) of the total real costs of 2.223.474 €, respectively, have been spent until now. The 30 % threshold of the total real costs will be achieved presumably at the end of 2004. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Luck et al., 2004 - LIFE-SCST-Progress Report Aug 2004 (SCST), 47p-1587062272/Luck et al., 2004 - LIFE-SCST-Progress Report Aug 2004 (SCST), 47p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SCST" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nagare, Ranjeet" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Voigt, Hans-Jürgen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "12 Jahre Pilotbetrieb Karolinenhöhe – eine erste Auswertung" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> 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$xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "75" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "75" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Buisson, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Outcomes of a 2-year investigation of Membrane Bioreactor Process configurations for biological advanced nutrients removal from municipal wastewater" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "EWA 2004 “Nutrient Management”" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "10" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Endogeneous denitrification, Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), Membrane bioreactor (MBR), Nutrients removal, Post-denitrification" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "28.09.-01.10.2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Amsterdam, The Netherlands" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Two configurations of membrane bioreactors were identified to achieve enhanced biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal, and assessed over more than two years with two parallel pilot plants of 2 m3 each. Both configurations included an anaerobic zone ahead of the biological reactor, and differed by the position\rof the anoxic zone: standard pre-denitrification, or postdenitrification without dosing of carbon source. Both configurations achieved improved phosphorus removal. The goal of 50µgP/L in the effluent could be consistently achieved with two types of municipal wastewater, the second site requiring in addition a low dose of ferric salt ferric salt < 3mgFe/L. The full potential of biological phosphorus removal could be demonstrated during phosphate spiking trials, where up to 1mg of phosphorus was biologically eliminated for 10mg BOD5 in the influent. The post-denitrification configuration enabled a very good elimination of nitrogen. Daily nitrate concentration as low as 1 mgN/L could be monitored in the effluent in some periods. The denitrification rates, greater than those expected for endogenous denitrification, could be accounted for by the use of the glycogene pool, internally stored by the denitrifying microorganisms in the anaerobic zone." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> list() #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Claudia Laabs" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "M. 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$xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "70" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bank filtration and artificial ground water recharge are important,\reffective, and cheap techniques for surface water treatment\rand removal of microbes, as well as inorganic, and some organic,\rcontaminants. Nevertheless, physical, chemical, and biological\rprocesses of the removal of impurities are not understood\rsufficiently. A research project titled Natural and Artificial Systems\rfor Recharge and Infiltration attempts to provide more clarity in\rthe processes affecting the removal of these contaminants. The\rproject focuses on the fate and transport of selected emerging\rcontaminants during bank filtration at two transects in Berlin,\rGermany. Several detections of pharmaceutically active\rcompounds (PhACs) in ground water samples from bank filtration\rsites in Germany led to furthering research on the removal of\rthese compounds during bank filtration. In this study, six PhACs\rincluding the analgesic drugs diclofenac and propyphenazone,\rthe antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and primidone, and the\rdrug metabolites clofibric acid and 1-acetyl–1-methyl–2-dimethyloxamoyl–\r2-phenylhydrazide were found to leach from the\rcontaminated streams and lakes into the ground water. These\rcompounds were also detected at low concentrations in receiving\rpublic supply wells. Bank filtration either decreased the\rconcentrations by dilution (e.g., for carbamazepine and\rprimidone) and partial removal (e.g., for diclofenac), or totally\rremoved PhACs (e.g., bezafibrate, indomethacine, antibiotics,\rand estrogens). Several PhACs, such as carbamazepine and\respecially primidone, were readily transported during bank\rfiltration. They are thought to be good indicators for evaluating\rwhether surface water is impacted by contamination from\rmunicipal sewage effluent or whether contamination associated\rwith sewage effluent can be transported into ground water at\rground water recharge sites." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Heberer et al - GWMR 2004 - Field Studies on the Fate and Transport of-3709083393/Heberer et al - GWMR 2004 - Field Studies on the Fate and Transport of.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> 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Unter anderem aufbauend auf der Geschichte des Badens in Flüssen ist die Vision entstanden, die zukünftige Nutzung der innerstädtischen Spree als Badegewässer trotz der vorhandenen Ge-wässerverschmutzung zu realisieren. Das Baden in Flüssen war bis zum Beginn des letzten Jahrhunderts in Berlin eine Selbstverständlichkeit. Zahlreiche öffentliche Flussbäder befanden sich im Bereich der innerstädtischen Spree. Erst durch die mit der beginnenden Industrialisierung und der wachsenden Bevölkerung zunehmende Verschlechterung der Wasserquali-tät mussten die städtischen Bäder geschlossen werden und wurden durch die auch heute noch weitgehend genutzten Strandbäder im Stadtrandgebiet ersetzt. Die derzeitige stoffliche Belastung der Spree im Projektgebiet erfolgt durch die Ein-träge aus den Brandenburger Zuflüssen, dem Klarwasserablauf des Klärwerkes Mün-chehofe, den Einleitungen aus dem Berliner Trennsystem sowie den Mischwasser-entlastungen des Berliner Mischsystems. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Überläufe aus dem Mischsystem der Berliner Ka-nalisation eine wesentliche Verschmutzungsquelle der Spree darstellen. Vorrangiges Ziel des Projektes berlinbeach ist es daher, die Mischwasserentlastungen durch in der Spree angeordnete Speicher (Fangbecken) weitgehend zu vermeiden und da-durch die Badegewässerqualität in der innerstädtischen Spree nach Möglichkeit zu gewährleisten. Darüber hinaus ist vorgesehen, die Speicher mit entsprechenden Aufbauten zu versehen und diese zur Refinanzierung der Maßnahme zu nutzen." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] " " #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Engel et al., 2004 - Berlinbeach, 85p-2745724673/Engel et al., 2004 - Berlinbeach, 85p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlinbeach" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] 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#> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dizer, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Grützmacher, G." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bartel, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wiese, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Szewzyk, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "López-Pila, J.-M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Contribution of the colmation layer to the elimination of coliphages by slow sand filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science and Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Water Science and Technology" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> 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$xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Coliphages" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "colmation layer" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "faecal indicators" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "river bank filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "slow sand filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "viruses" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "River bank or slow sand filtration is a major procedure for processing surface water to drinking water in central europe. In order to model the performance of river bank and slow sand filtration plants, we are studying the different mechanisms by which the elimination of pathogens is realized. An important question concerning the mode of action of slow sand filters and river bank filtration units is the role of the colmation layer or “schmutzdecke” on the elimination of human pathogens. The schmutzdecke is an organic layer which develops at the surface of the sand filter short after the onset of operation. We have inoculated a pilot plant for slow sand filtration with coliphages and determined their rate of breakthrough and their final elimination. In the first experiment, with a colmation layer still missing, the breakthrough of the coliphages in the 80 cm mighty sandy bed amounted to ca. 40 %. In contrast, less than 1 % of coliphages escaped from the filter as the same experiment was repeated two months later, when a substantial colmation layer had developed. Our preliminary conclusions are that the colmation layer is extremely efficient in eliminating of viruses." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Dizer et al - Wat. Sci. & Technol._2004 - Contribution of the colma-3288398081/Dizer et al - Wat. 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Daspres-4271420672/Rapport_Nicolas Daspres.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "French" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Ingrid Chorus " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Inke Schauser" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bernd Heinzmann," #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Phillip Ford" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Threshold Values for Oligotrophication of Lake Tegel and Schlachtensee, Berlin - Analysis of System Components and Causalities" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "50" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nov 2004" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "A suite of predictive quantitative models of phosphorus (P) dynamics in Lake Tegel and\rSchlachtensee has been developed. The results, specific to each lake, are set out below,\rtogether with general conclusions about management strategies, and some high priority\rareas for future research.\rLake Tegel\r1. The inflow from the Havel to Lake Tegel has been estimated using both a discrete time\rstep box model and a time integrated numerical model. There is good internal agreement\rbetween the 2 estimates of the Havel inflow as a mean fraction of the total inflows (~ 40 %) ,\ras well as with the earlier work of Ripl (1993). The estimated residence times agree closely\r(~ 70 d).\r2. There is considerable inter-annual and inter-seasonal variation in Havel inflows. The\rnumerical model can be used to satisfactorily predict these as a function of the Havel\rdischarge, OWA discharge, and water extraction (bank infiltration and recharge, r²=0.76).\r3. Over the past 15 years Lake Tegel has been both a net source (1984-1992;2000-2002),\rand a net sink (1993 – 1999), for phosphorus. The Havel inflow is the most important\rcomponent in the P budget of Lake Tegel. When the sediment is a source, the modelled\rinternal P load is 2-4 fold of the OWA annual load.\r4. The internal P load can be satisfactorily modelled (r²=0.72) as a function of the external P\rloads, the water works extractions, and the temperature and nitrate concentration in the\rhypolinmion. The sensitivity analyses indicate that temperature is the major controlling factor\rfor the P release. The significance of nitrate has to be explored further, and identifying\rthresholds for parameters which trigger release remains to be done in years 2 and 3.\r5.The sediment investigations indicate that the sediment P release is dominated by\rmineralisation, plus desorption at times of high mineralisation and FeS precipitation.\r6. Sediment investigations indicate that artificial oxidation of the sediment surface will only\rimpact on P release when the mineralisation is intense and sulphate reduction is prevented.\r7. The internal store of mobilizable P in the sediments is small, the rate of mobilisation is\rhigh, and the water residence time is short; thus the internal P load will have no long term\reffects after the external load is reduced sufficiently (< 5 years, assuming an external load of\rzero). At present, the external P load is high enough to recharge the sediments.\rSchlachtensee\r1. The water balance of Schlachtensee can be modelled satisfactorily (r²=0.89) by\rconsidering precipitation, storm water discharges and a term to reflect groundwater flows,\rwhich yet needs to be validated.\r2. Groundwater inflows, as unknown parameter, were determined from modelling by a\rconstant groundwater inflow plus other variable components dependent on precipitation, the\rlevel of Schlachtensee, the extraction at Well Rehwiese and of the temperature; this still\rneeds to be cross-checked with a more detailed analysis of groundwater data.\r3. The long time development of the P concentration is dominated by the reduced external\rload from the OWA Beelitzhof. The modelled long term steady state is about 0.02 g P m3\r(annual mean). Schlachtensee has been a sink for P since 1985.\r4. Next to effects of the reduced external load, the P concentration in Schlachtensee is\rcharacterised by peaks occurring in autumn and winter. The cause is not conclusively\ridentified, but is suspected to be due to loading from the steep shoreline, e.g. leaching P\rfrom fallen leaves or mobilisation of animal/human excreta deposited in the summer.\r5. Modelling shows that in Schlachtensee the epilimnion exerts a dominant effect on the P\rdynamics. Although P accumulation occurs in the hypolimnion, this is only a small fraction of\rthe total lake P content. P release is controlled mainly by temperature and redox conditions,\ras well as the hydrological regime. Whether or not thresholds for release can be identified\rfrom any of these remains to be investigated.\r6.The sediment investigations indicate that the sediment P release is dominated by\rdesorption due to FeS precipitation.\r7. The internal store of mobilizable P in the sediments is small, the rate of mobilisation is\rmoderate, and the water residence time is longer than Lake Tegel. Thus, though its\rcontribution to the lake’s P pool is much smaller, the internal P load will continue to exert an\reffect for longer than in Lake Tegel after the removal of the external load. Assuming the\rexternal load to be zero, the mobilizable P-Pool will be released in about 5 years.\rBoth lakes\rChlorophyll-a data is used to depict the reaction of phytoplankton biomass to reduced in-lake\rTP concentrations. Chlorophyll-a were recalculated without the phaeophytin correction, and\rinvestigations for TP thresholds that govern phytoplankton response were begun. TP\rthresholds in Lake Tegel appear to be higher (around 100 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "μg/L) than in Schlachtensee\r(around 30 μg/L). Further data evaluation, including analysis of monthly means and individual\rsampling dates, is needed.\rManagement implications\r1. Lake Tegel and Schlachtensee have quite different behaviours and require different\rmanagement strategies. The various models already developed provide a basis for exploring\radapted management scenarios. An initial exploration has identified potentially effective\rstrategies.\r2. For Lake Tegel the results strongly point to the continuation of the current management\rstrategy to limit the inflow of P rich Havel water into Lake Tegel, i.e. increasing the OWA\rdischarge during summer, when the P concentration in the Havel, and the extraction by the\rWater Works, are at their highest.\r3. As the P release from the sediment in Lake Tegel is mainly driven by the temperature\rabove the lake bottom the stratification stability should be as high as possible.Therefore,\roperation of the aerators in a fashion to maintain the maximum possible stratification in\rsummer is proving critically important.\r4. The model results confirm that for Schlachtensee the P balance is no longer dominated by\rthe inflows from the OWA Beelitzhof, thus any further efforts to reduce P loading will be more\reffective if concentrated on the other major external sources.\r5. The dominant term in the P balance of Schlachtensee appears to be the autumn and\rwinter deliveries, though the actual mode of delivery is still unclear. Identifying the source(s)\ris an important future research task.\r6. Epilimnetic processes are dominant in Schlachtensee and thus no further measures are\rrequired to reduce the internal P loading from the sediments to the water column.\rFuture Research Goals\r1. Improving the P models for both lakes, for Lake Tegel particularly for the calculation of the\rinternal loads and for Schlachtensee for calculating the external loads,\r2. Developing the P models towards management models for both lakes by improving the\rcalculation of the internal loads for Lake Tegel and the external loads for Schlachtensee,\r3. Including model components for biological interactions and interfacing them within a\rtransferable P process model to explain the process of trophic recovery,\r5\r4. Using the improved models for assessing the relative effects of external and internal\rmeasures aimed at modifying the P budget, e.g. seasonality of OWA output, aerator\roperation and seasonal changes in water residence time,\r5. Analysing which responses of the lake components are continuous and which show\rthresholds, and identifying threshold values for the latter; in a second step including other\rlakes using literature and data provided by other partners,\r6. Conducting specifically targeted field investigations to fill gaps, to validate the models and\ras supplement of monitoring by ILAT in order to uphold the long-term data series, as detailed\rin the proposal for continuation of the project;\r7. Using the outcomes of 1 " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"charset") #> [1] "161" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "– 6 for optimised management scenarios for the two Berlin lakes.\rTogether with the evaluation of literature and data from other lakes undergoing trophic\rrecovery, general guidance on managing restoration and predictions of responses to reduced\rnutrient loading will be developed." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Chorus et a.l, 2004 - Threshold value for Oligotrophication (OLIGO), 50p-1638296577/Chorus et a.l, 2004 - Threshold value for Oligotrophication (OLIGO), 50p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "OLIGO" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "81" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "81" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zuehlke, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dünnbier, U." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Buisson, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Langzeituntersuchungen zur Entfernung organischer Spurenstoffe mit zwei Membranbelebungsanlagen im Vergleich zu einem konventionellen Klärwerk" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5. Aachener Tagung, Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Verfahrentechnik" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "12" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "A18" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "30.09.-01.10.2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aachen, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "In den letzten Jahren hat die Untersuchung des Vorkommens und Verhaltens von Arzneistoffen und endokrin wirksamen Substanzen in der Umwelt zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen (Daughton and Ternes, 1999; Kümmerer, 2001; Heberer, 2002). Verschiedene Studien zeigten, dass abwasserbürtige Verbindungen zum Teil nicht oder nicht vollständig durch die Behandlung des Abwassers entfernt werden (Heberer, 2002; Ternes, 1998; Daughton and Ternes, 1999). Somit können unter anderem Humanpharmazeutika und deren Metabolite über Kläranlagenabläufe in die aquatische Umwelt gelangen. Da die Wirkschwelle solcher Verbindungen zum Teil schon in sehr geringer Konzentration erreicht wird (z.B. Ethinylestradiol - Purdom et al., 1994) oder die Datenlage hierzu unzureichend ist,\rgewinnt die Entfernung der Spurenstoffe während der Abwasserbehandlung immer mehr an Bedeutung. Membranbelebungsanlagen könnten hier einen verbesserten Rückhalt bewirken. Neben der biologischen Phosphor- und Stickstoffentfernung (Gnirss et al., 2003; Lesjean et al., 2002) war es Ziel dieses Forschungsprojektes, die Entfernung von ausgewählten organischen Spurenstoffen in zwei Membranbelebungsanlagen im Vergleich zu einem konventionellen Klärwerk zu untersuchen." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Zue-2480852480/Zuehlke, 2003 - Langzeituntersuchungen zur Entfernung organischer Spurenstoffe mit zwei Membranbelebungsanlagen im Vergleich zu einem konventionellen Klärwerk, 12p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "85" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "85" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schroeder, K." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Pawlowsky-Reusing, E." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zustand und Entwicklung der Steuerung des Berliner Entwässerungssystems" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "ATV-DVWK and VDI/VDE Symposium \"Mess- und Regelungstechnik in abwassertechnischen Anlagen\"" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "6" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "25./26.11.2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wuppertal, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Die Steuerung von Entwässerungssystemen erlaubt bislang ungenutzte Kapazitäten, sowohl zur Speicherung, wie auch zur Reinigung von Abwasser, zu aktivieren. Die historisch gewachsene Struktur der Berliner Mischkanalisation mit ihren oben aufgeführten Eigenschaften erlaubt per se eine gezielte Bewirtschaftung der Teilentwässerungssysteme. Im Zuge von Sanierungsarbeiten wurden mittels lokaler Steuerungsorgane bereits zusätzliche Speicherreserven in den Kanalnetzen erschlossen. Um die Effizienz des Systems weiter zu erhöhen, wird im Rahmen des Projektes „Integrated Sewage Management“ das Potenzial einer Verbundsteuerung von Kanalnetzen, Pumpwerken und Kläranlagen untersucht. Erste Ergebnisse bezüglich möglicher Effekte einer globalen Steuerung von vernetzten Systemkomponenten werden für Ende 2003 erwartet, wenn anhand des entwickelten Modells verschiedene, realisierbare Steuerungsstrategien simuliert und auf ihre Auswirkungen hin getestet und evaluiert werden. Bezüglich der Umsetzung von geplanten Strategien und der Entwicklung von ersten Applikationen für den Betrieb des Abwassersystems wird an dieser Stelle auf [Mannel, 2003] verwiesen." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Schroeder_ATV-DVWK and VDIVDE Symposium_2003 - Z-3371392000/Schroeder_ATV-DVWK and VDIVDE Symposium_2003 - Zustand und Entwicklung der Steuerung des Berliner Entwässerungssystems.pdf" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Plakat-ISM-0810904320/Plakat-ISM.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") 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"z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kai Schroeder" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lionel Gommery" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Laurent Phan" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Erika Pawlowsky-Reusing" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dieter Jacobi" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integriertes Abwasser Management – Aufbau eines integrierten Modells zur Optimierung des Berliner Abwasser Systems" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kongress Wasser Berlin 2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Die vollständige Nutzung aller Kapazitäten eines komplexen Abwassersystems, bestehend aus Kanalnetzen, Speicher- und Kontrolleinrichtungen, Drucknetzen und Kläranlagen, speziell im Regenwetterfall ist eine zentrale Aufgabe zur Minimierung von Schmutzfrachtentlastungen in die Vorfluter.\rMit dem Ziel der Reduzierung der Gewässerbelastung in Berlin wurde 2000 das Projekt „Integrated Sewage Management (Integriertes Abwasser Management)“ gestarted. Die zentrale Idee des Projektes ist der Einsatz integrierter Simulationssoftware zur Untersuchung verschiedenster Management-Szenarien und hierauf die Definition und Anwendung eines integrierten Steuerungskonzeptes für den Betrieb des Abwassersystems. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit ist auf die Mischkanalisation gerichtet, die auf Grund von Entlastungen über Regenüberläufe ein potentielles Risiko der Gewässerbelastung in sich birgt. Zugleich bietet hier der Einsatz von Steuerungseinrichtungen zur Aktivierung von zusätzlichem Kanalstauraum ein beträchtliches Optimierungspotenzial für das System.\rDer Artikel gibt einen Überblick über das laufende Projekt. Die Voruntersuchung zur Steuerungswürdigkeit des Systems, der Modellaufbau und die Kalibrierung, sowie die Ziele des Projektes werden dargelegt." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Schroeder et al, 2003 - Integriertes Abwasser Management – Aufbau eines integriert-2962503168/Schroeder et al, 2003 - Integriertes Abwasser Management – Aufbau eines integrierten.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "78" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "78" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Rosenberger, S." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Laabs, C." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Jekel, M." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zusammenhang zwischen Membranfouling und gelösten Substanzen in Membranbelebungsreaktoren" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5. Aachener Tagung, Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Verfahrentechnik." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "1-14" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "A24" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "30.09.-01.10.2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aaachen, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Veolia Water und die Berliner Wasserbetriebe betreiben im Klärwerk Berlin-Ruhleben zwei Membranbelebungsanlagen zur biologischen Phosphor- und Stickstoffelimination, die mit dem gleichen Abwasser belastet werden. Die zwei parallelen Pilotanlagen werden mit identischen Betriebsbedingungen aber\runterschiedlicher Anordnung der anoxen Zone gefahren. Im Betrieb der Anlagen kann trotz identischen Betriebsbedingungen stets ein Unterschied im Fouling-verhalten zwischen beiden Pilotanlagen und über die Zeit beobachtet werden. Aus zwei Jahren Betriebserfahrung mit den beiden Pilotanlagen wurde deutlich, dass die Unterschiede nicht auf Trockensubstanzkonzentration oder Schlammalter sondern vorwiegend auf andere Parameter, wie z.B. den eingestellten\rPermeatflux, zurückzuführen sind. Neben den im belebten Schlamm enthaltenen Feststoffen können im biologischen Prozess produzierte Kolloide und gelöste Substanzen die Filtrations-leistungen von Membranen beeinflussen. Da die Feststoffkonzentration beider Anlagen weitestgehend identisch ist, werden im Rahmen dieses Projektes vor allem Kolloide und gelöste Substanzen in der Klarphase des belebten Schlammes untersucht und mit der Foulingrate der eingesetzten Module verglichen. Die vorgestellten Untersuchungen sind Teil eines umfassenden Projektes von Anjou Recherche zum Foulingverhalten von Membranen in Membranbelebungsreaktoren." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Rosenberger, 2003 - Zusammenhang zwischen Membranfou-1992229120/Rosenberger, 2003 - Zusammenhang zwischen Membranfouling und gelösten Substanzen in Membranbelebungsreaktoren, 14p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "30" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "30" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. Peter-Fröhlich" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "I. Kraume" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. Lesouëf" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "L. Phan" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "L. Gommery " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "M. Oldenburg" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Sanitärkonzepte zur getrennten Behandlung von Urin, Fäkalien und Grauwasser" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "2nd International Symposium on Ecological Sanitation 2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "9" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Dezentrale Abwassersysteme, Fäkalien, Grauwasser, Separationstoiletten, Urin, Vakuumseparationstoiletten" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "6-11. April 2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lübeck " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Zur Ermittlung der zu testenden neuen, nachhaltigen Sanitärkonzepte wurde eine Vorstudie durchgeführt. Diese Studie beinhaltet einen Kostenvergleich zwischen zwei neuen Sanitärkonzepten mit Schwerkraft- und Vakuumseparationstoiletten und dem konventionellen System. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die neuen Sanitärsysteme, abhängig von den Rahmenbedingungen, Kostenvorteile haben. Aus diesem Grund wurde das Pilotprojekt zum Test der oben genannten neuen Sanitärkonzepte unter realistischen Bedingungen in Berlin/Brandenburg gestartet. Das Sanitärkonzept mit Schwerkrafttrenntoiletten wird voraussichtlich im Sommer 2003 in Betrieb gehen." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Peter-Froelich et al, 2003 - Sanitärkonzepte zur getrennt-1401289473/Peter-Froelich et al, 2003 - Sanitärkonzepte zur getrennten Behandlung von Urin, Fäkalien und Grauwasser, 10p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "SCST" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "40" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "40" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. Peter-Fröhlich" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "I. Kraume" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "A. Lesouëf" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "M. 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In order to define the experiments for testing new, sustainable sanitation con-cepts a pre-study has been done. This study includes a cost comparison between two new sanitation concepts with gravity and vacuum separation toilets and the conven-tional system. It could be demonstrated that the new sanitation concepts may have cost advantages depending on the situation. This was a further motivation starting a pilot project in Berlin/Brandenburg testing the above mentioned toilet systems under realistic conditions. 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$xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Nicole Kranz" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Antje Vorwerk" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wenke Hansen" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit im Koordinierungsraum Havel (Berlin-Brandenburg)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "71" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "31. Dezember 2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$publisher #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style #> $xml$records$record$publisher$style[[1]] #> [1] "KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Hintergrund und Zielsetzung: Die Wasserwirtschaft stellt einen komplexen Handlungsraum dar, in dem zahlreiche Interessen und Nutzungen aufeinandertreffen, sich beeinflussen, gegeneinander abgewogen und koordiniert werden müssen. Akteure mit unterschiedlichen Beweggründen, Organisationsformen und Mandaten, die auch als Stakeholder1 bezeichnet werden, vertreten diese Interessen in der Interaktion und Auseinandersetzung mit anderen Interessengruppen.\rDie wasserwirtschaftliche Einheit des Koordinierungsraums Havel2, der das Land Berlin und weite Teile des Landes Brandenburg umfasst, ist mit Hinblick auf die Akteursstrukturen in der Wasserwirtschaft aus mehrerer Hinsicht interessant. Die wechselvolle Geschichte der Region hat zunächst zur Ausbildung zweier unabhängiger Strukturen geführt, die nach der Wiedervereinigung langsam beginnen, gemeinsam zu agieren und sich entsprechend abzustimmen. Mit der\rHauptstadtregion Berlin sowie dem eher ländlich geprägten Brandenburg ist das Flusssystem der Havel einer Vielzahl verzahnter wasserwirtschaftlicher Nutzungsinteressen unterworfen. \rDie im Jahr 2000 verabschiedete EG-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL)3 führt ein umfassendes Flussgebietsmanagement als Ansatz für eine nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung und Planung in der Wasserwirtschaft ein. Unter diesem Flussgebietsansatz ist die integrative, sektorenübergreifende, auch über politische und administrative Grenzen hinausgehend e Bewirtschaftung von Flussgebieten zu verstehen. Artikel 14 der Richtlinie sieht als ein Instrument dieses Managementansatzes eine umfangreiche Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit an den jeweiligen Planungs- und Entscheidungsprozessen vor. Diese Beteiligung soll neben der Information und Anhörung auch die aktive Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit umfassen. \rZiel dieses Projektes war die Erfassung und Untersuchung der Strukturen der wasserwirtschaftlichen Akteure im Koordinierungsraum Havel und deren Interaktionen als Grundlage für eine Bewertung der derzeitigen Situation im Hinblick auf die zukünftige Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit gemäß den Anforderungen der WRRL.\rEiner umfangreichen und effizienten Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit wird bei der erfolgreichen Umsetzung der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie eine entscheidende Rolle beigemessen, da hierdurch Verbesserungen der Verfahren durch gesteigerte Effizienz und Transparenz erwartet werden. Eine zielorientierte Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit setzt eine detaillierte Kenntnis und Analyse der in dem jeweils betrachteten Einzugsgebiet vertreten Interessengruppen und Akteure sowie der\rderzeitigen Situation vorangegangenen Entwicklungen voraus.\rDie im Rahmen dieses Projektes erzielten Ergebnisse finden darüber hinaus Eingang in das von der Generaldirektion Forschung der Europäischen Kommission geförderte Forschungsprojekt HarmoniCOP4. Im Rahmen dieses internationalen Projektes, das von Projektpartnern aus neun Europäischen Ländern5 bearbeitet wird, werden zum einen die jeweils landesspezifischen Erfahrungen mit der Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit in der Wasserwirtschaft aufbereitet und neue\rauf dieser Grundlage entwickelte Strategien anhand von konkreten Fallstudien erprobt. Auf dieser Grundlage wird abschließend ein Handbuch zu Beteiligungsmethoden im Flussgebietsmanagement erstellt. Die auf diesem für das KompetenzZentrum Wasser Berlin durchgeführten Projekt beruhende Darstellung der Stakeholder-Strukturen in der Wasserwirtschaft im Raum Berlin- Brandenburg bildet neben einer Analyse des Rheineinzugsgebietes einen Teil der deutschen Länderstudie. Im weiteren Verlauf von HarmoniCOP werden die Ergebnisse auch in die für 2005 geplante Fallstudie6 zur Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit im Elbeeinzugsgebiet einfließen." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Kranz et al., 2003 - Beteiligung der Oeffentlichkeit im Koordinierungsraum Havel,-1649420288/Kranz et al., 2003 - Beteiligung der Oeffentlichkeit im Koordinierungsraum Havel, 71p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "PPRP" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "German" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "114" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "114" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heberer, T." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Mechlinski, A." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fanck, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals During Bank Filtration" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Wasser Berlin 2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Berlin" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Bank filtration and artificial groundwaterecharge are important, effective and cheap techniques for surface water treatment and removal of microbes, inorganic and some organic contaminants. Nevertheless, mechanisms of the removal of impurities and of the chemical reactions of the water components have not been understood sufficiently and are therefore subject of this research project. The interdisciplinary project of the Berlin Centre of Competence for Water (KWB gGmbH) entitled NASRI (Natural and Artificial Systems for Recharge and Infiltration) concentrates among other topics also on nicroorganisms and trace organic substances frequently detected in surface waters." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Heberer et al - Wasser Berlin 2003 - Occurrence and Fate of Pharmace-0304175873/Heberer et al - Wasser Berlin 2003 - Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals During Bank Filtration.PDF" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "73" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "73" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, R." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Buisson, H." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Biologische Phosphorentfernung mit einer nachgeschaltetenDenitrifikation im Membranbelebungsverfahren" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "5. Aachener Tagung, Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Verfahrentechnik" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "13" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "A17" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "30.09.-01.10.2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Aachen, Germany" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Im Berliner Stadtgebiet gibt es Siedlungsgebiete, die bisher nicht an ein Klärwerkangeschlossen sind, da eine zentrale Erschließung nicht wirtschaftlich ist. Für dieseGebiete könnte eine dezentrale Lösung mit dem Membranbelebungsverfahreneingesetzt werden. Dann würden die gleichen Überwachungsanforderungen wie inder Abwasserreinigung in Berlin bereits gültig, sicher erfüllt bzw. überschritten. FürPhosphor könnten sogar zukünftig zu erwartende strengere Überwachungswertebereits erreicht werden (50 µg/L). Das Membranbelebungsverfahren wird bereitsseit den 90er Jahren eingesetzt und hat den Stand der Technik erreicht. Für diePhosphorelimination wird in Membranbelebungen eine Simultanfällung durchgeführt,wodurch zuverlässig Ablaufwerte <1mg/L erreicht werden können. Die Fällung führtjedoch zu einer um ca. 25% erhöhten Schlammproduktion (für ß~1,5), einem hohenChemikalienbedarf und einer Aufsalzung des Vorfluters. Das Ziel des Forschungsprojektes ist es die vermehrte biologischePhosphorentfernung (Bio-P) im Membranbelebungsverfahren bei einemSchlammalter von 8 bis 26 Tagen zu untersuchen. Die Zielkonzentration fürGesamtphosphor wurde mit 50µgP/L festgelegt. Auch der Prozess der Stickstoffentfernung sollte optimiert werden. Dabei wird die vorgeschalteteDenitrifikation mit der nachgeschalteten Denitrifikation ohne Kohlenstoffdosierung Post-Denitrifikation) verglichen." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gnirss, 2003 - Biologische Phosphorentfernung-1950305537/Gnirss, 2003 - Biologische Phosphorentfernung mit einer nachgeschaltetenDenitrifikation im Membranbelebungsverfahren, 13p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "94" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "94" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Fritz, B." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Massmann, G. " #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Knappe, A. 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[1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kraume, Matthias" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Gnirss, Regina" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lesjean, Boris" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Membranbelebungsverfahren mit vermehrter biologischer Phosphorelimination (EBPR)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chemie Ingenieur Technik, Mai 2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Chemie Ingenieur Technik, Mai 2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "1-11" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "75" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$number #> $xml$records$record$number$style #> $xml$records$record$number$style[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "1" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2003" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Eine MBR-Laboranlage (210L) wurde mit zwei verschiedenen Reaktor-konfigurationen zur vermehrten biologischen PElimination (Bio-P) mit kommunalem Abwasser betrieben. Die beiden Reaktorkonfigurationen zeichneten sich neben einer vorgeschalteten anaeroben Zone für den Bio-P Prozess durch eine vorgeschaltete Denitrifikation bzw. eine nachgeschaltete Denitrifikation aus. Beide Reaktor-konfigurationen wurden bei einem Schlammalter von 15 Tagen mit vorgesiebtem (1mm) Rohwasser parallel zu einer konventionellen Kläranlage betrieben. Für Phosphor wurden sehr niedrige und stabile Ablaufkonzentrationen von 0,05-0,15 mgP/L mit beiden Konfigurationen erreicht. Die Phosphorgehalte der Schlämme lagen bei 2,4-3% P/TS. Während mit der vorgeschalteten\rDenitrifikation erwartete Ergebnisse von 86-90% Stickstoffentfernung erzielt wurden, erreichte die nachgeschaltete Denitrifikation eine unerwartet hohe N-Elimination von bis zu 96% (ohne zusätzliche C-Quelle). Eine Betriebsphase mit Phosphoraufstockung des Zulaufes (~40 mgP/L) führte bei einer\rElimination von 20-25 mgP/L zu P-Gehalten im Schlamm von 67%P/TS. Neben dem Bio-P-Mechanismus waren hier jedoch auch Fällungs- und Adsorptionsmechanismen für die P-Aufnahme relevant." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Adam, 2003 - Membranbelebungsverfahren mit vermehrter biologischer P-1262116097/Adam, 2003 - Membranbelebungsverfahren mit vermehrter biologischer Phosphorelimination (EBPR), 11p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "18" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "18" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Kai Schroeder" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Lionel Gommery" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integrated Sewage Management - Setup of networked models for analysis and improvement of the Berlin sewage system" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "3rd International Conference on Sewer Processes and Networks 2002, Paris, Frankreich" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "7" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Networked Models, Sewage System, Real Time Control" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2002" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location` #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style #> $xml$records$record$`pub-location`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Paris, Frankreich" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The complete utilization of the capacities of a complex sewage system, consisting of networks, storage and control assets, pressurized network and waste water treatment plants, especially for storm weather events is a central task to minimize the pollutant load discharged in the receiving waters.\rWith the objective of a minimization of water pollution load within the urban area of Berlin (Germany) the project “Integrated Sewage Management” has been launched in 2000. The central points of this project are the application of integrated simulation tools for the examination of different management scenarios and after that the definition and installation of an integrated operation concept for the system.\rThis paper presents a first phase of the project, the modelling of the combined sewerage system of a pilot catchment area in the center of Berlin, results of simulation mainly focused on the real time control potential of the system and first steps of transferring this into an operation concept." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Schroeder and Gommery, -2829209088/Schroeder and Gommery, 2002 - Integrated Sewage Management - Setup of networked models for analysis and improvement of the Berlin sewage system.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "ISM" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "285" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "285" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "47" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Conference Paper" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Schroeder, Kai" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Integrated Sewage Management - Setup of an integrated strategy for the 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$xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Process configurations adapted to membrane bioreactors for enhanced biological phosphorous and nitrogen removal" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Desalination" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Desalination" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "217-224" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "149" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "217" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$keywords #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style #> $xml$records$record$keywords$keyword$style[[1]] #> [1] "Enhanced biological phosphorous removal (Bio-P), membrane bio-reactor (MBR), microfiltration, immersed membrane, post-denitrification." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2002" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates` #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$`pub-dates`$date$style[[1]] #> [1] "7.-12.06.2002" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "Enhanced biological phosphorous (Bio-P) removal process was adapted to membrane bioreactor(MBR). One bench-scale pilot plant (BSP, 200-250L) and two medium-scale pilot plants (2//MSP,1000-3000L each) were operated under several configurations, including pre-denitrification and post-denitrification\rwithout addition of carbon source, and two solid retention times (SRT) of 15 and 26d, inparallel to the full-scale Bio-P removal activated sludge plant of Berlin-Ruhleben (12-18d SRT). Thetrials showed that efficient Bio-P removal can be achieved with MBR systems, in both pre- and post-denitrification configurations. Bio-P dynamics could be clearly demonstrated through batch-tests, online measurements, profile analyses, P-spiking trials, and mass balances. High P-removalperformances were achieved even with high SRT of 26d (around 9mgP/L was removed withP/TS~2.6%). Under similar operation conditions of sludge age and mass organic load, the MBRsystem achieved slightly higher P-removal than the conventional technology. This was due to therejection of particles and colloids through the microfiltration membrane. When spiking with phosphate,high Bio-P removal of up to 35-40mg/L could be achieved without addition of external carbon source, and P/TS stabilised around 7.5%." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Lesjean, 2002 - Process configurat-2507094273/Lesjean, 2002 - Process configurations adapted to membrane bioreactors for enhanced biological phosphorous and nitrogen removal , 8p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "48" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "48" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Anja Kornmüller" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Arne Genz" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Martin Jekel" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Preliminary Studies on P-removal by Adsorption from MBR filtrates" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "53" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2002" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "For advanced phosphorus (P) removal sorption processes were studied in benchscale to offer a post-treatment step in addition to the relatively unknown biological Premoval in membrane bioreactors (MBR) for decentralized wastewater treatment. \rFirst three commercially available sorbents, granulated ferric hydroxide GFH, activated alumina ATE and an iron hydroxide/oxide FER, were screened for their affinity and capacity in removing phosphorus from MBR filtrates. \rGFH features the highest loading and affinity for P and additionally removes organics followed by ATE. For example, in determination of isotherms at a P-equilibrium concentration of 0.5 mg/L the loading on GFH amounts to 20 mg/g, on ATE to 9 mg/g and on FER only to 3.8 mg/g. Very early FER was excluded from the trials due to its low capacity and desorption of bonding agents leading to an increase instead of a removal of dissolved organic carbon.\rDifferent influencing parameters were studied in the P-sorption on GFH and ATE. Lowering the pH from 8 to 5 improved the P-sorption only by 30 %. A pH-adjustment for optimization is not recommendable due to the strong buffering of MBR filtrates by the carbonate/hydrogen carbonate system. A decrease in temperature had no effect in P-sorption on GFH at low initial P-concentrations, while the loading on ATE was reduced compared to room temperature. Therefore, an improvement is not expected by an outdoor operation of sorption filters.\rNo main influencing competition by other organic or inorganic compounds could be determined on P-sorption in MBR filtrates. Due to the negatively charged sorbent surfaces the specifically sorbing phosphorus has an decisive advantage over unspecifically sorbed anions like chloride and sulfate. In time depending experiments lacking of calcium had a kinetic effect on P-sorption, but calcium is present in sufficient amount for P-sorption in MBR filtrates.\rIn sorption filter tests using bed volumes (BV) around 90 mL a limit value of 50 µg/L P is reached in the effluent at 8,000 bed volumes for GFH and 4,000 for ATE sing a influent concentration of 0.3 mg/L P. At a lower influent concentration of 0.1 mg/L P the breakthrough at the limit can be extended to above 15,000 BV for GFH and 8,000 for ATE. While GFH affords a contact time of 10 min, around 30 min contact time is needed in sorption filters filled with ATE to achieve a late breakthrough.\rA partial regeneration and P-reloading on GFH and ATE can be achieved by using 0.6 M NaOH in differential recirculating flow reactors. But for several reasons the\rregeneration can not be transferred to sorption filters directly. \rDue to the long operation time of sorption filters at low influent concentrations ≤ 0.3 mg/L P the regeneration and reloading could not be studied in sorption filters\rhere. Therefore, the cost estimations could only be based on a few scenarios. Using ATE or GFH, total costs are in the range of 8 - 30 Cents/m³ depending on the\rpossibility of regeneration and reuse of sorbents. If no regeneration can be achieved, an application of ATE would be favoured due to its lower price. Based on an effective regeneration a sorption technique using GFH would be preferable. This is emphasized by the high affinity of GFH for P, which is especially required at low\reffluent P-concentrations from MBR.\rAs an outlook it is recommended to verify the sorption performance and to study the breakthrough behavior in a pilot scale (H = 1 m, d ≥ 300 mm). Furthermore, the\rinvestigations on regeneration have to be intensified and conducted in sorption filters to assess influencing parameters like the effect of the previous sorption time on regeneration, the regeneration time and concentration of regenerate. The frequency of regeneration and reuse of sorbent until disposal can only be stated by future longterm trials in sorption filters. Due to the low volume flow rate in the small studied sorption filter, which showed no pressure drop during the trials, it is hard to predict if a backwashing is necessary in larger scale. Whether the particle-free MBR filtrate is advantageous for filter operation, in a long-term scale microorganism growth might occur and result in clogging of sorption filters. In this view a regeneration seems to be advantageous and might replace both backwashing and disinfection rinsing." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Kornmüller, 2002- Preliminary Studies on P-removal by Adsorption from MB-2074508288/Kornmüller, 2002- Preliminary Studies on P-removal by Adsorption from MBR filtrates (IMF), 53p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "113" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "113" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "17" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Journal Article" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Heberer, Thomas" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title` #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$`secondary-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxicology letters" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$periodical #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title` #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style #> $xml$records$record$periodical$`full-title`$style[[1]] #> [1] "Toxicology letters" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "5-17" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$volume #> $xml$records$record$volume$style #> $xml$records$record$volume$style[[1]] #> [1] "131" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$section #> $xml$records$record$section$style #> $xml$records$record$section$style[[1]] #> [1] "5" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2002" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Heberer, T. - Toxicology Letter-0354100737/Heberer, T. - Toxicology Letters 2002 - Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment a review of.PDF" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "NASRI" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record #> $xml$records$record$database #> $xml$records$record$database[[1]] #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "KWB documents.enl" #> attr(,"path") #> [1] "Z:\\Dokument-Managementsystem\\KWB documents.enl" #> #> $xml$records$record$`source-app` #> $xml$records$record$`source-app`[[1]] #> [1] "EndNote" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "EndNote" #> attr(,"version") #> [1] "18.1" #> #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number` #> $xml$records$record$`rec-number`[[1]] #> [1] "46" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys` #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key #> $xml$records$record$`foreign-keys`$key[[1]] #> [1] "46" #> #> attr(,"app") #> [1] "EN" #> attr(,"db-id") #> [1] "z90eszwadd95piezvwmxvr9z9ww9xssrfp5t" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type` #> $xml$records$record$`ref-type`[[1]] #> [1] "27" #> #> attr(,"name") #> [1] "Report" #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Regina Gnirss" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style #> $xml$records$record$contributors$authors$author$style[[1]] #> [1] "Boris Lesjean" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$titles #> $xml$records$record$titles$title #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style #> $xml$records$record$titles$title$style[[1]] #> [1] "Evaluation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal process in membrane bioreactors (operation from Oct 2001 to Apr 2002 with a sludge age of 26 days)" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$pages #> $xml$records$record$pages$style #> $xml$records$record$pages$style[[1]] #> [1] "52" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$dates #> $xml$records$record$dates$year #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style #> $xml$records$record$dates$year$style[[1]] #> [1] "2002" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$abstract #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style #> $xml$records$record$abstract$style[[1]] #> [1] "The objective of this research project is to identify and test various phosphorus removal processes or\rprocess combinations, including membrane biorector (MBR) technologies. This should enable to\restablish efficient and cost effective P-removal strategies for upgrading small sewage treatment units\r(up to 10,000 PE), as needed in some decentralised areas of Berlin. In particular, enhanced biological\rphosphorus removal (EBPR) technology was developed and optimised in MBR. In addition, Padsorption\ron activated media was tested with the MBR permeate in order to achieve low P-values\rdown to 50µg/L in the effluent.\rOne MBR bench-scale plant of 200 to 250L (BSP) and two MBR pilot plants of 1 to 3m3 each (PP1\rand PP2) were operated in parallel to a conventional wastewater treatment plant (Ruhleben WWTP,\rBerlin, Germany). The membrane bioreactors were tested with EBPR configurations in predenitrification,\rand post-denitrification mode without additional carbon source. The MBR pilot and\rbench-scale plants were operated under sludge ages of respectively 26 and 15 days. Eight extended\rmeasurement programs (Profile measurements, P-mass balance) were carried out during the\rcontinuous operation of 6 months (September 2001 - April 2002).\rThe effluent concentration of total phosphorus was very low and stable between 0.05 and 0.16 mg/L in\rboth configurations. A comparison to the Ruhleben WWTP showed, that the effluent concentrations\rfor COD, TN and TP were slightly lower for the MBR due to the particulate fraction of the WWTP.\rMeasurements along the multi-stage reactors showed that P-uptake occurred in the anoxic and the\raerobic zones. The P-mass-balance of the systems was found to be incomplete. The P-content of the\rbiomass was about 2,0 – 2,4% of TS. The related P-mass rejected with the excess sludge was inferior\rto the P-mass entering the system in the influent. The reasons could not be validated. However, the\reffluent PT-concentration was observed to be stable and low during this period.\rInvestigations with lab columns indicated that P-adsorption could lead to TP concentrations down to\r50 µg/L from both 0.1 and 0.3mg/L and no particle accumulation occurred in the filter media. The\rthree tested materials exhibited great differences in break-through curves. Granulated Ferric\rHydroxyde (GEH®) showed higher capacity than activated alumina and Ferro Sorp Plus." #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$urls #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls` #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url #> $xml$records$record$urls$`pdf-urls`$url[[1]] #> [1] "internal-pdf://Gnirss et al., 2002 - Evaluation of enhanced biological phosphorus remo-0615544321/Gnirss et al., 2002 - Evaluation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal process in MBR , 52p.pdf" #> #> #> #> #> $xml$records$record$custom2 #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style #> $xml$records$record$custom2$style[[1]] #> [1] "IMF" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") #> [1] "default" #> attr(,"size") #> [1] "100%" #> #> #> $xml$records$record$language #> $xml$records$record$language$style #> $xml$records$record$language$style[[1]] #> [1] "English" #> #> attr(,"face") #> [1] "normal" #> attr(,"font") 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